JPS6214265B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for sorting hard-shelled fruits and seeds of ginkgo nuts, pickled plum seeds, walnuts, etc. by size and breaking the shells. .

(Prior art and its problems) Conventionally, the shells of this type of fruit and seeds were crushed one by one with a hammer or the like, without sorting the size, and the fruit inside was taken out.

However, when the ginkgo peeling machine developed by the inventor (Special Publication No. 53-28507) came into use, it became possible to crack a large amount of ginkgo nuts, and the fruit was then packed into cans and bottles. Packing, bagging, etc. have come to be carried out industrially.

As packaging into cans, bottles, bags, etc. progressed,
It became desirable to rank fruits by size, but since a method for splitting the shells according to size has not been developed, it is necessary to use mesh plates with different diameters to sort the sizes in advance. After that, the shells must be separated into groups of different sizes, making the process extremely inefficient.

[About the first invention]

(Technical problem) The first invention concerns a method for cracking hard-shelled fruits and seeds such as ginkgo nuts, pickled plum seeds, and walnuts. It is something.

(Technical means) The technical means for solving this technical problem are: (a) moving hard-shelled fruits, etc. forward in a straight line laterally and letting the smaller ones fall naturally first; and (b) transferring. A pair of rollers with a widening gap below the straight line is used to apply pressure.

(Effect of technical means) For fruits etc. that move forward in a straight line, smaller ones move faster;
Since the pair of rollers located at the lower stage are positioned on the same vertical plane as the above-mentioned straight line in order to accommodate the slow fall of large fruits, the fallen fruits fall between the rollers.

The spacing between the rollers is wide at the end, so small objects that fall quickly can be caught between the narrow rollers.
Large objects that fall late will be squeezed between rollers with a slightly larger width.

Therefore, fruits, etc., are automatically size-sorted and their shells are cracked.

(Effects of the present invention) As a result of automatically sorting the size of fruits and the like and breaking their shells, it is possible to perform the shelling work without regard to size, which has the advantage of greatly increasing work efficiency. Moreover, since the shell of fruits, etc. is broken at a point that is suitable for the size, there is also the advantage that the fruit will not be damaged.

(Example) Next, a specific example of the above technical means will be described with reference to the drawings.

As a means for moving fruits, etc. forward in a straight line, sorting the size, and letting them fall naturally, a spiral protruding roller and a cylindrical roller constituting the second and third inventions to be described later are used. It is best to arrange the rollers in parallel so that they gradually spread toward the tip, and the convex strips push the fruit between the rollers as the rollers rotate. However, as shown in Figure 1, cylindrical rollers 1 and stepped rollers 2 whose diameters are reduced at regular intervals are arranged in parallel, and the fruit is rolled between the rollers with an inclination, so that the fruit falls naturally when the distance between the rollers becomes larger than the fruit. It's okay. In this case, the same applies even if the roller 1 is a stepped roller.

Note that the reference numeral 6 indicates the cylindrical roller 1 and the stepped roller 2.
This is a shell splitting roller located below the sorting roller.

In addition, in the case of a walnut with a shape close to a sphere, as shown in FIG. It is also possible to make a hole and vibrate the fruit with a vibration imparting device (not shown) in an inclined state to promote the rolling of the fruit and cause it to fall through the suitable hole 5.

Also in FIG. 2, reference numeral 6 denotes a shell-splitting roller located below the gutter 3, only one of which is visible.

[About the second invention]

(Technical Problem) The second invention relates to a device for smoothly carrying out the method of the first invention, and its object is to drop fruits, etc. at accurate positions.

(Technical means) The technical means for solving this technical problem are: (a) A pair of sorting rollers and a pair of shell splitting rollers, each having a wider roll gap at the tip than at the base end; ) They are arranged in two stages, upper and lower, with the same gap direction, (c) a convex strip is spirally protruded on the outside of one of the sorting rollers, and (d) the gap between the shell splitting rollers is set from the gap between the sorting roller directly above. (e) The shell splitting roller should be made to rotate in the biting direction.

(Operation of technical means) According to this technical means, since the spiral protrusion is provided on one side of the sorting roller, the fruits, etc. are spread toward the tip by the rotation of the roller. The fruit is forced to gradually advance between the rollers, which are curved, without jumping up, and naturally falls at the exact position where the gap between the rollers becomes larger than the size of the fruit.

The gap between the shell-splitting rollers on the lower stage widens toward the tip in correspondence with the sorting roller on the upper stage, but the gap width of the shell-splitting rollers is smaller than that of the sorting rollers, causing the rollers to fall. The fruit, etc. that has been cut will not pass through the shell-splitting rollers unscathed, but will be firmly wedged between the rollers, and will be squeezed, causing the shell to crack.

(Effects of the present invention) As a result, the fruit etc. has an advantage in that the shell can be split at a precise position suitable for the size of the fruit, and the effect of the first invention can be reliably exhibited.

(Example) Next, a specific example of the above technical means will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

Two pairs of sorting rollers 11, 12 are arranged on the upper stage, and two pairs of shell-splitting rollers 16, 16 are arranged on the lower stage (only one is visible in Fig. 4). Each roller has a cylindrical shape, and each pair The rotating shaft tapers from the base end (the left side in FIGS. 3 and 4) toward the distal end, so that the roller gap gradually increases.

When one of the lower shell-splitting rollers is driven in the biting direction, the gear mechanism 17 rotates the sorting rollers 11 and 12 in the anti-biting direction, and the shell-splitting roller in the biting direction. It's becoming like that.

One of the pair of sorting rollers 12 is formed with two spiral protrusions protruding in parallel, and as the roller 12 rotates in the direction opposite to the biting direction, the protrusions move relatively forward between the rollers. ing.

Fruits and the like are dropped onto the space between the sorting rollers 11 and 12 from a hopper 18 fixed to the base end, but in this case, if a large amount is dropped at once, the rollers cannot perform their sorting function satisfactorily.

Therefore, it is better to provide a drop adjusting device as shown in FIG. 5, for example. This device has hopper 18
The opening, which has a V-shaped cross section, is equipped with two swinging opening/closing plates 19, 19' with one end pivoted, and one opening/closing plate 19 can be opened continuously by rotating the eccentric plate 20. The opening and closing operations are performed repeatedly, and the fruits etc. fall onto the gap between the sorting rollers. The other opening/closing plate 19' is configured such that the amount of fall of the opening/closing plate 20 when it is opened or closed can be adjusted by slightly rotating the eccentric plate 20'.

As the fall adjustment device, other known devices may be used, and of course, the fruit or the like may be manually placed between the rollers.

An inclined plate 14 is arranged below the shell-splitting rollers 16, 16, and a partition plate 15 that can be slid from side to side is placed above it. Therefore, since fruits etc. whose shells have been split according to size are sorted into groups and fall, receiving boxes may be prepared according to the width of the partition plate 15.

Incidentally, reference numeral 15' denotes a fixed type partition plate, and fruits, etc. that have not been sorted by size fall onto an inclined plate in front of this partition plate 15'.

In the above embodiment, a cylindrical roller is used, but a tapered roller may be used and positioned parallel to the roller axis.

Further, although two protrusions are provided on the sorting roller, it may be provided with one protrusion, or three or more protrusions.

Furthermore, if a large number of grooves or protrusions parallel to the axial direction are formed on the surface of the shell-splitting roller, the penetration resistance will be increased, and the shell-splitting effect can be further improved.

Note that the driving means for the rollers is not based on a gear mechanism, but may be interlocked by a chain, or may be driven individually, and the sorting rollers may rotate in the same direction.

[About the third invention]

(Technical Problem) In addition to the problem of the second invention, the third invention aims to enable sorting and shelling work to be performed even when the type and size of fruit changes.

(Technical means) The technical means for solving this technical problem is the technical means of the second invention with the addition of (f) provision of means for adjusting the roller gap width.

(Operation and effect of technical means) According to this technical means, in addition to the operation of the second invention, the width between the sorting roller and the shell splitting roller can be increased or decreased. .

Therefore, there is an advantage that the same device can process various types of grains, from large walnuts to small pickled plums, and there is no need to prepare devices with different roller gaps depending on the type of fruit, etc.

(Example) Next, a specific example of the above technical means will be described with reference to the drawings.

There are many known techniques for adjusting the gap between a pair of rollers, but as shown in FIG.
If the bearing 24 of No. 3 moves along this elongated hole 22 and can be fixed at any position, there is no need to make the device large-scale. In this case, if a gear mechanism is used as the drive means, it is necessary to replace the gear, but if a chain is used for interlocking, it is only necessary to adjust the tension and no parts need to be replaced.

Alternatively, multiple bolt holes may be formed in the frame and the bearings may be fixed to the frame using desired bolt holes, or the bearing of one roller may be fixed to a support frame separate from the main body frame. , this support frame may be made to be able to slide on the frame of the main body.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings are for explaining specific examples of technical means. Figure 1 is a plan view of the device for sorting using stepped rollers, and Figure 2 is a plan view of the device for sorting using a sorting plate. 3 is a plan view of the sorting roller, FIG. 4 is a front view of the sorting shell splitting device, FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the hopper opening, and FIG. 6 is a plan view of the roller bearing. 11, 12... Sorting roller, 13... Convex strip,
6, 16...Shell splitting roller.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A method for breaking the hard shells of fruits, etc., in which the fruits, etc. are moved forward in a straight line in the horizontal direction, and the smaller ones are allowed to naturally fall first, and the intervals are widened below the transition line. A shell splitting method that uses a pair of rollers to compress the shell. 2. A pair of sorting rollers and a pair of shell-splitting rollers, each having a wider gap at the distal end than at the base end, are arranged in upper and lower stages with the same gap direction, and a convex strip is spirally formed on the outside of one of the sorting rollers. A sorting shell splitting device in which the shell splitting roller is provided in a protruding manner, the gap between the shell splitting rollers is configured to be smaller than the gap between the sorting roller directly above the shell splitting roller, and the shell splitting roller is configured to rotate on its own axis in the biting direction. 3 A pair of sorting rollers and a pair of shell splitting rollers, each having a wider roll gap at the tip end than at the base end and a means for adjusting the width of the gap, are arranged in upper and lower stages with the same gap direction. A sorting shell splitting device in which a protrusion is spirally protruded on the outside of one of the rollers, the gap between the shell splitting rollers is configured to be smaller than the gap between the sorting rollers immediately above, and the shell splitting rollers are configured to rotate in the biting direction.