JPS6220358B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for constructing a shaft in bedrock that can be safely and rationally constructed.

Traditionally, in order to build a shaft in bedrock, the 19th
As shown in Figures 1 to 24, a series of operations such as drilling a blast hole, blasting, unloading, and lining the shaft are repeated in each stage from the ground surface downward.

In this method, one stage's worth of blast holes are drilled when sequentially excavating each stage, but the holes around the shaft a are drilled through the concrete b of the lining wall of the stage immediately above, which was previously formed. Due to the presence of the excavation wall, etc., it is not possible to perpendicularly drill holes along the planned excavation wall surface, and the holes must be drilled at an angle. Therefore, since this inclined hole c is necessarily located outward from the planned excavation line, the excavation cross section d becomes large and the amount of lining concrete used increases.

In addition, for unloading work, after one stage of blasting work is completed, the load must be transported to the shaft entrance using an appropriate lifting and lowering device, and the equipment for this is large-scale. There was a problem that the work required a long time.

For this reason, a new excavation method as shown in FIGS. 25 to 31 has recently been developed.

This method is used when excavating a vertical shaft f that is connected to a horizontal shaft e that has already been excavated.
A predetermined number of blast holes g are drilled in advance to penetrate into the horizontal hole e from the ground surface in the peripheral area of the planned vertical shaft cross section and the interior surrounded by the peripheral area, and the required amount of explosives is loaded in the lower part of each blast hole. Afterwards, these explosives were detonated almost simultaneously to complete the blasting of one stage of the lower part of the shaft, and the 〓 produced by the blasting was transported outside using the side shaft.
Discharge. Thereafter, explosives are again loaded into the appropriate locations in the blast hole g, and the blast is discharged, and this operation is repeated to form a vertical shaft f that reaches the ground surface from the horizontal shaft e side.

Next, assemble the elevating scaffold i in the shaft f and
Concrete k is placed sequentially from the lower or upper side using formwork j to line the vertical shaft f.

According to this construction method, both the amount of excavation and the amount of concrete are as planned compared to the above method, but it requires a lifting scaffold i for assembling formwork and pouring concrete, and requires work at heights. This poses a safety problem, and furthermore, after excavation, the rock mass on the shaft wall becomes stressed and released because the water is completely discharged.
Since it takes a considerable amount of time to completely line the shaft with concrete, a loose area m is formed in the rock around the shaft.

For this reason, it is necessary to increase the wall thickness of the lining concrete k, and especially when building a shaft with a large cross section, the formation of the loosened area m becomes noticeable, so it is no longer possible to adopt this construction method. It is considered a problem.

In order to eliminate such problems, the present invention has the following features:
The shaft is filled with 〓 until it is formed between the side hole and the ground surface by blasting, and during lining work, an appropriate amount of 〓 is discharged from the side hole to cover the top by one stage. A method of building a shaft in bedrock, which is characterized by lowering the shaft, using the crown as a foothold to line the shaft, then lowering the crown again, and repeating this process to line the entire length of the shaft. It provides:

Embodiments of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings: 1
is a bedrock, and a horizontal shaft 3 is previously provided in the bedrock at an appropriate depth from the ground surface 2, and a vertical shaft 4 is constructed between the horizontal shaft 3 and the surface of the bedrock 1. In addition,
The ground surface 2 may be a cavity within the rock 1.

First, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of blasting holes 6 are penetrated and drilled from the ground surface 2 toward the horizontal shaft 3 at the outer periphery of the planned shaft and inside thereof using the boring machine 5. As shown in FIG. 8, the blasting holes 6 include a plurality of holes provided at the center of the planned shaft 4 as core holes 6a, and a plurality of holes provided at desired intervals in the circumferential direction on the outer periphery. Blasting efficiency is improved by setting the hole as the clearing hole 6c and arranging and drilling the hole between the core removal hole 6a and the clearing hole 6c to become the supporting hole 6b. It is what it is.

After drilling the required number of blasting holes 6 in this way, a wooden plug 7 with a slightly smaller diameter than the holes 6 is inserted into the rope 8.
and hang it in each blasting hole 6.

As shown in FIG. 10, at the center of the lower end of this plug 7, approximately the center of a rod-shaped material 10, which is longer than the diameter of the blasting hole 6, is suspended by a string 11, and a string is attached to the upper surface. A formed ring 12 is attached to the ring 12, and a hook 14 attached to the lower end of the rope 8 is hooked onto the ring 12, and the rope 8 is hung into the blasting hole 6 as described above.

At this time, the rod-shaped material 10 is suspended in an inclined state within the blasting hole 6, and when it reaches the inside of the horizontal shaft 3, it becomes approximately horizontal.

When the rope 8 is pulled up from this state, the rod-shaped material 1
0 contacts and locks the upper wall of the horizontal shaft, and the plug 7 is connected to the blasting hole 6.
Stops at a predetermined position at the lower end of the Next, as shown in FIG. 9, an appropriate amount of ballast 15 is put into the blasting hole 6 to plug the ballast 15 between the inner circumferential wall of the hole 6 and the plug 7, thereby sealing the plug 7 in the hole 6. The rope 8 is fixed and held, and then the rope 8 is loosened, the hook 14 is removed from the ring 12, and the rope 8 is recovered.

Next, an appropriate amount of ballast 15, explosive 16 connected to fuse 16', and tamping material 17 are set in each blasting hole 6 while measuring from the ground surface.

After loading explosives 16 into predetermined locations in all the holes 6 (Fig. 2), these explosives 16 are detonated almost simultaneously, and the lower part of the planned vertical shaft 4 of one stage 18 leading to the horizontal shaft 3 is excavated. , is formed (Fig. 3). The 〓19 generated by this blasting is discharged to the outside through the horizontal shaft 3, but the amount is generated by the blasting of the next stage 20〓
By discharging the predetermined amount of 〓, a cavity 21 of an appropriate size is created between the lower end surface and the top end of the stage 20 to be formed next. This cavity 21
Once this is completed, a new plug 7 with the rod-shaped material 10 suspended therein is suspended again into the blasting hole 6, the rod-shaped material 10 is secured to the ceiling wall surface of the cavity 21, and the above-mentioned process is completed by inserting the ballast 15. Similarly, a plug 7 is fixed at a predetermined length above the cavity 21 of each blasting hole 6, and charging and blasting are performed to perform blast excavation of the next stage 20.

By repeatedly performing this blasting operation upwardly for every predetermined length in all the blasting holes 6, the shaft 4 having a predetermined length and diameter is filled with 19 up to the top.
(Figure 4). In this way, inside the shaft 4 is 〓1
9, the rock mass 1 in the vicinity of the shaft is restricted from loosening due to the lateral pressure of the shaft, and maintains a relatively stable state.

Next, an appropriate amount of 19 is discharged from the side shaft 3 side, and the crest of the shaft, which is filled to the top 22 of the shaft, is lowered by one stage (Fig. 5) until it reaches a certain depth from the ground surface. When descending, the discharge work of 〓 will be stopped and the top end will be used as a scaffold 23. Lock bolts 24 will be driven into the rock surrounding the shaft exposed by the descent of 〓, concrete will be sprayed, formwork 26 will be assembled, etc.
Concrete 27 is placed in sequence to complete one stage of lining (Figure 6).

Furthermore, during the hardening time of the concrete 27, the concrete is discharged from the side shaft 3 again and the top is lowered, and then scaffolding for the next stage is made and concrete lining work is carried out.

In this way, the shaft 4 is constructed by successively lining the shaft 4 at predetermined lengths from the ground surface toward the horizontal hole 3 (FIG. 7).

11 to 18 show another embodiment of the method of the present invention, in which a vertical shaft 4 with a large cross section is constructed in a bedrock 1 toward a horizontal shaft 3 provided at an appropriate depth from the ground surface 2. In the method of perforate. This blasting hole 6 is similar to the above embodiment,
Holes are arranged and drilled as core holes, removal holes, and removal holes.

Next, in the same way as in the previous embodiment, a plug with a rod-shaped material suspended from the lower end by a rope is inserted into each blasting hole 6, and ballast is inserted to fix it at a predetermined position at the bottom of the hole, and the explosive with a fuse connected is inserted into each blasting hole 6. 16. After setting the tamping material, it is blasted, and by repeating this operation upwards of the blasting hole 6 at regular intervals, the central part of the planned shaft 4 is filled with 19. is provided between the ground surface 2 and the horizontal shaft 3 (Figs. 11 to 14).

In this way, if a small-diameter shaft 4' is formed in the center leaving a certain width from the periphery of the planned shaft 4, even if all the water in this shaft 4' is discharged, there will be a loosened area due to the release of stress in the surrounding rock. can be controlled within the remaining bedrock range.

Next, a plurality of blasting holes 6 for one stage are drilled vertically or diagonally around the planned shaft 4, and the hole 19 is discharged from the horizontal shaft 3 to form the center part 4' of the shaft.
After forming a burn hole 31 for one stage by lowering the hole, the explosive charged in the blasting hole is detonated to collapse the rock between the periphery of the planned shaft 4 and the central part 4' of the shaft. At this time, it occurred
In this method, the top of the central part 4' of the shaft is lowered by discharging an appropriate amount of water from the horizontal shaft 3, and the material is poured into the depression created by the descent to form a one-stage scaffold 23. (Figures 15 and 16).

Using the scaffold 23 thus formed, a concrete lining 27 is applied to the surrounding rock of the planned shaft 4 in the same manner as in the previous embodiment, and then from the outer periphery of the scaffold for one stage downward, it is applied to the surrounding rock for the next stage. A plurality of long blasting holes 30 are drilled and blasted to form a scaffold for the next stage in the same manner as described above, and a concrete lining 27 is applied.
By repeating this operation toward the horizontal shaft 3 every predetermined length in the same way, a concrete-lined vertical shaft 4 with a large cross section is constructed (No. 17,
Figure 18).

As described above, the present invention provides a method for constructing a vertical shaft toward a horizontal shaft provided at an appropriate depth from the ground surface, in which a vertical shaft construction planning department determines the required number of shafts that penetrate from the ground surface to the horizontal shaft. Blasting holes are drilled, explosives are loaded at the bottom of each blasting hole, and then they are blasted to form a lower shaft of an appropriate height that communicates with the side shaft. A cavity of the required width is created between the top and the lower surface of the unblasted part, and then the blasting hole in the unblasted part is loaded with explosives again and blasting is carried out. A vertical shaft filled with 〓 is created by successively creating 〓 until 〓 appears on the ground surface. Then, by discharging an appropriate amount of 〓 from a horizontal shaft, the top of 〓 is reduced to 1.
After descending by the stage and lining the shaft using the top as a foothold, an appropriate amount of
Due to the discharge of Since the shaft excavated from the ground surface between the horizontal shafts is filled with 〓 generated by blasting, the rock around the shaft is held down by the lateral pressure, and the formation of loose areas in the rock due to stress release is almost prevented. In addition, since this method hardly causes any loosening of the rock, the thickness of the lining on the shaft wall can be made thinner than in conventional construction methods.

In addition, since the blasting holes in the planned vertical shaft are drilled in advance from the ground surface to the side shaft, the amount of excavation and concrete will not be larger than the planned amount.
Furthermore, the work can be carried out more efficiently than in the case where blasting holes are drilled for each stage.

Furthermore, according to the present invention, a predetermined amount of the top of the lint filled in the shaft is discharged from the side shaft and lowered by one stage, so lining work can be carried out using the descended crest as a foothold. This eliminates the need for elevating scaffolding and allows for safe work.In addition, the waste for the next stage can be discharged within the curing time of the concrete lining, shortening the construction period. can be measured.

In addition, the present invention provides a central part of the planned shaft between the horizontal holes from the ground surface, so that even if all the water filled in the central part of the shaft is discharged, there will be no loosening area due to stress release in the surrounding rock. can be controlled in the planned shaft, and after establishing the central part of the shaft, a shaft with the desired cross-sectional shape is formed by blasting while lowering the top in each stage, so it is possible to create a shaft with a large cross-section. It has the advantage that it can be easily constructed even in vertical shafts without loosening the surrounding rock, and the thickness of the concrete lining can be made thinner.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 to 10 show one embodiment of the present invention, Figures 1 to 7 are process diagrams, Figure 8 is a plan view showing the state of drilling holes for blasting, and Figure 9 is FIG. 10 is a front view of the plug, FIGS. 11 to 18 are process diagrams showing other embodiments of the present invention, and FIGS. 19 to 24 are simplified views of the conventional construction method. The process diagrams, FIGS. 25 to 29 are simplified process diagrams of another conventional method, FIG. 30 is a plan view showing the drilling state of the blast hole, and FIG. 31 is a plan view showing the loosened area. . 1...Bedrock, 2...Ground surface, 3...Horizontal hole, 4...
...Shaft, 6...Blasting hole, 16...Explosive, 19...
...〓、21...hollow.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a method for constructing a vertical shaft toward a horizontal shaft provided at an appropriate depth from the ground surface, the shaft construction planning department is provided with the necessary number of blasts penetrating from the ground surface to the horizontal shaft. After drilling holes and loading explosives into the lower part of each blasting hole, they are blasted to form the lower part of the shaft of an appropriate height that communicates with the side shaft. Deposit and
A cavity of the required size is created between the crown and the lower surface of the unexploded part, and then the blasting hole in the unexploded part is loaded with explosives again and blasting is carried out.This blasting operation is completed until the crown appears on the ground surface. A vertical shaft filled with 〓 is created by sequentially going up to 〓, and then by discharging an appropriate amount of 〓 from the side shaft, the top of the 〓 is lowered by one stage, and the lining of the shaft is constructed using the top as a foothold. After that, by discharging an appropriate amount of 〓 from the side shaft, the top of the shaft is lowered and the shaft is lined again, and this process is repeated to line the entire length of the shaft. Law. 2. In the method of constructing a vertical shaft facing a horizontal shaft installed at an appropriate depth from the ground surface, only in the central part extending a certain width from the outer periphery of the planned vertical shaft,
Drill the required number of blasting holes penetrating the horizontal shaft from the ground surface, load explosives into the lower part of each blasting hole, and then blast them to form a central shaft of an appropriate height at the lower center of the planned shaft. At the same time, it was caused by the blasting〓
is deposited in the side shaft and the center of the shaft, and a cavity of the required width is provided between the top and the lower surface of the unexploded section, and then the blasting hole in the unexploded section is loaded with explosives again and blasted; This blasting work is carried out one after another until the crown appears on the ground surface, forming a central portion of the shaft filled with At the same time, the remaining part of the planned shaft on the outer periphery of the burnhole is blasted, and the remaining part of the planned shaft is discharged from the side shaft and thrown into the recess in the center of the shaft, which forms the bottom of the first stage. A method of building a shaft in rock that is characterized by lining the shaft using the same surface as a foothold, and repeating this process to line the entire length of the shaft.