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JPS625164B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS625164B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS625164B2
JPS625164B2 JP5801479A JP5801479A JPS625164B2 JP S625164 B2 JPS625164 B2 JP S625164B2 JP 5801479 A JP5801479 A JP 5801479A JP 5801479 A JP5801479 A JP 5801479A JP S625164 B2 JPS625164 B2 JP S625164B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
electrolytic
fluorination
fluorine
electrolysis
compound
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP5801479A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS55151016A (en
Inventor
Shozo Kato
Masakatsu Nishimura
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokuyama Corp
Original Assignee
Tokuyama Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokuyama Corp filed Critical Tokuyama Corp
Priority to JP5801479A priority Critical patent/JPS55151016A/en
Publication of JPS55151016A publication Critical patent/JPS55151016A/en
Publication of JPS625164B2 publication Critical patent/JPS625164B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は電解弗素化に関するものであり、更に
詳しくは特定の原子と構造を有する化合物の電解
弗素化による含弗素高分子体の製造方法に関する
ものである。 一般に電解弗素化は(1)用いる無水弗化水素酸が
安価なこと(2)高度に弗素化された化合物が得られ
易いこと(3)官能基が保存され易いこと(4)装置が比
較的簡単であることなどの長所を有している。こ
のために従来から数多くの化合物の弗素化が電解
法によつて試みられ、一部は工業化されてきた。
しかしながら、電解弗素化においては用いる化合
物の分子量が大きくなるほど炭素−炭素結合の切
断が生じやすく、特に10以上の炭素原子を含む化
合物の場合にこの傾向が著しいために、分子量が
比較的大きい含弗素化合物を電解弗素化法によつ
て効率良く得ることは難しいとされてきた。 一方、エチレン結合を有する化合物の電解弗素
化については、これまで報告された例は比較的少
ない。電解弗素化により、例えばビニル化合物の
炭素−炭素の二重結合は切断反応や弗素原子の付
加反応、重合反応等をうけやすい傾向がある。ま
たエチレン結合を持たない低分子化合物の電解弗
素化に関する文献は、しばしば分子量の大きいタ
ール状の弗素化物が副生することを報告してい
る。ビニル基のようなエチレン結合を有する化合
物を電解弗素化の原料として用いると、その種類
によつては多量の重合物が得られる場合がある。
しかしながら、高度に弗素化された十分大きな分
子量のものを効率よく与えるようなものは知られ
ていない。 本発明者等はエチレン結合を有する種々の化合
物の電解弗素化について系統的に研究を行つてき
た。その結果、エチレン結合を有する特定の構造
の化合物を電解弗素化の原料として用いると高度
に弗素化された高分子体が収率良く得られること
を見出して本発明を完成した。即ち、本発明は無
水弗化水素酸を電解浴として、ジヒドロフラン、
ジヒドロピラン又はこれらの水素原子がアルキル
基またはエーテル基に置換された環状化合物を電
解弗素化することを特徴とする含弗素高分子体の
製造方法である。 本発明によれば、入手の容易な化合物を原料と
して用いて、特殊な電解槽や電解条件を必要とせ
ず、酸素原子を含んだ含弗素高分子体を効率よく
製造出来る。特に本発明によれば、分子量が5.00
以上かつ弗素含量が35%以上の含弗素高分子体を
得ることが出来るばかりでなく、水素原子を含ま
ない含弗素高分子体を得ることが出来る。このよ
うな含弗素高分子体は例えば熱的、化学的に安定
な潤滑剤、添加剤、絶縁剤などとして利用出来
る。更に得られる含弗素高分子体の炭素−酸素の
結合を適当な試薬により開きカルボキシル基など
の官能基を付与して利用するようなことも出来
る。 本発明においては、原料として環内にエチレン
結合及び酸素原子を有する特定構造の環状化合物
を用いることが、目的とする含弗素高分子体を得
るために極めて重要である。このような環状化合
物が電解弗素化によつて共に重合していく機構の
詳細については現在のところ明確ではない。なお
酸素原子を有しかつ環状構造を有してもエチレン
結合を持たない化合物あるいはその他のエチレン
結合を持たない一般の化合物は電解弗素化によつ
ても含弗素重合物が得られることもあるが、本発
明の環状化合物の場合と比較してその重合度、弗
素化度、収率などの面で劣る。 一方、エチレン結合を有する化合物であつも上
記した特定の構造を持たない化合物、例えばスチ
レン、アクリル酸、シクロヘキセン等を電解弗素
化の原料として用いると、重合反応は効率よく進
んでも弗素化度が低い場合や逆に弗素化は十分に
進んでも重合反応が進行しにくい場合などがあ
り、本発明の目的とするような好ましい結果が得
られない。 本発明で原料として使用する含酸素環環状化合
物はジヒドロフラン、ジヒドロピラン又はこれら
の水素原子がアルキル基またはエーテル基に置換
された環状化合物である。 本発明では電解浴として無水弗化水素酸を用い
る。純粋な無水弗化水素酸のみでは電導性を有し
ないが、本発明で用いうる原料の不飽和環状エー
テルをこれに添加すると一般にある程度の電導性
を示すようになる。しかしながら、無水弗化水素
酸に原料の化合物を添加しただけでは電導性が不
十分な場合には、電導度増加剤を通常0.1〜10重
量%の濃度で添加することが好ましい。電導度増
加剤としてはアミン類、アンモニア等のように該
電導度増加剤自身が弗素化されるため電解中弗素
化反応の進行と共に順次添加を必要とするもの
と、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属の弗素化物
のように無水弗素化水素酸に単に溶解しているも
のとがある。原料ビニル化合物を電解浴中添加す
る方法は特に限定されない。例えば通電前にあら
かじめ浴中に添加しておくことも出来るし、又は
電解中に連続的或いは間欠的に添加してもよい。 次に本発明に用いられる電解槽について述べる
と、その形状は円筒型、矩形柱状等で特に制限さ
れず、その材質はニツケル、モネル、銅、鉄等の
金属類又は弗素樹脂等の電解浴に耐えるものが用
いられる。電解槽における陰、陽極は電解によつ
て発生するガス気泡の抜け易さ等の点から実質的
に垂直に設置される。陽極の材質としては導電
性、耐食性等の点から制限され、ニツケル、ニツ
ケル合金(例えばモネル)等が用いられる。陽極
の形状としては板、網、丸棒のスダレ状物、穿孔
板、エキスバンドメタル等を平面あるいは波状に
加工したもの等である。一方、陰極の材質として
はニツケル、ニツケル合金、銅、ステンレススチ
ール、鉄等で、その形状は陽極と同様である。な
お、電解槽における陰、陽極間には通常隔膜を設
置する必要はないが、必要により電解浴に耐える
材質からなる多孔板、多孔膜及び下方に開放した
仕切板を設置してもよい。 本発明の電解弗素化における電流密度、通電量
等の電解条件については、用いる原料化合物の種
類、性状、量等又は目的とする含弗素高分子体の
性質等により異なり一概に特定されない。一般に
電流密度は0.01〜5A/dm2で実施され、通常は
定電流で電解するが周期的に電流値を変えたり、
電解の進行と共に電流値を次第に変えることも出
来る。また定電位電解をすることも出来る。電解
における温度、圧力、電解浴の撹拌の有無につい
ても特に限定されないが、一般には−20〜+30℃
好ましくは−15〜+15℃で行われる。なお実際の
通電に先だつて電解浴中の水等の不純物を除去す
るために予備通電を行うことも適宜採用される。
この場合は予備通電用の電極を別途に設けて行つ
てもよい。 本発明の電解弗素化により得られる含弗素高分
子体は液体又は固体であり、無水弗化水素酸に対
してほとんど溶解性を持たない場合が多い。した
がつて、目的とする電解生成物は電解槽の底部よ
り電解中に連続的に又は電解終了後に抜きだせば
よい。あるいは電解終了後、電槽を加熱して電槽
中の無水弗化水素酸を留去することにより電槽残
渣として又一部は電極付着物として得ることもで
きる。しかしながら、このようにして得たものは
含弗素高分子体と共に低分子量の化合物や場合に
よつては原料化合物等を含んでいる。また、含弗
素高分子体はある程度分子量や弗素化度に分布を
有している場合がある。そのような場合には、所
望の分子量や弗素化度を有する含弗素高分子体を
分離採取することも可能である。この場合、共存
する他の化合物の種類等に応じて再結晶、蒸溜、
抽出、分別沈澱法、分別溶解法等の分離法を採用
すればよい。 本発明を更に具体的に説明するため以下実施例
を挙げて説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に
限定されるものではない。 実施例 1 2・3−ジヒドロピランの電解弗素化を行つ
た。用いた電解槽はポリクロロトリフルオロエチ
レン製で容量は約1000c.c.である。陰、陽極は約5
mmの間隔で交互に垂直に並べて設置された、それ
ぞれ3枚及び2枚のニツケル板(高さ8cm×巾5
cm)からなつている。 あらかじめ別の電解槽で十分に予備電解を行い
水等の不純物を除いた無水弗化水素酸を前記電解
槽に供給すると共に2・3−ジヒドロピラン10g
を添加した後に通電を行つた。但し、浴の温度は
0℃とし電流値は0.6Aとした。60時間後に陰、
陽極間の電圧が十分大きな値に達したために電解
を停止した。 電槽内の無水弗化水素酸を除いた後、内容物を
エチルエーテルで抽出した。抽出残渣は弗素含量
31.4%の褐色の固体であつた。一方、抽出物とし
ては8.5gの無色の粘稠な液体が得られた。この
ものについて赤外吸収スペクトルの測定、元素分
析、分子量の測定を行つた。分子量の測定には蒸
気圧平衡法に基づく測定装置(日立パーキンエル
マー:日立社製)を用いた。赤外吸収スペクトル
は1400−1000cm-1にC−F結合に起因する巾広い
吸収を示した。C−H結合よる吸収はほとんど見
られなかつた。元素分析及び分子量測定の結果
は、第1表に示す通りであつた。
The present invention relates to electrolytic fluorination, and more particularly to a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer by electrolytic fluorination of a compound having specific atoms and structures. In general, electrolytic fluorination has the following advantages: (1) The anhydrous hydrofluoric acid used is inexpensive, (2) highly fluorinated compounds are easily obtained, (3) functional groups are easily preserved, and (4) the equipment is relatively expensive. It has the advantage of being simple. For this reason, attempts have been made to fluorinate many compounds by electrolytic methods, and some have been industrialized.
However, in electrolytic fluorination, the larger the molecular weight of the compound used, the more easily the carbon-carbon bond is broken, and this tendency is particularly marked in the case of compounds containing 10 or more carbon atoms. It has been considered difficult to efficiently obtain compounds by electrolytic fluorination. On the other hand, relatively few examples of electrolytic fluorination of compounds having ethylene bonds have been reported so far. Due to electrolytic fluorination, for example, carbon-carbon double bonds in vinyl compounds tend to undergo scission reactions, fluorine atom addition reactions, polymerization reactions, and the like. Further, literature on electrolytic fluorination of low-molecular-weight compounds that do not have ethylene bonds often reports that a tar-like fluoride with a large molecular weight is produced as a by-product. When a compound having an ethylene bond such as a vinyl group is used as a raw material for electrolytic fluorination, a large amount of polymer may be obtained depending on the type of compound.
However, nothing is known that can efficiently provide a highly fluorinated compound with a sufficiently large molecular weight. The present inventors have conducted systematic research on electrolytic fluorination of various compounds having ethylene bonds. As a result, the present invention was completed by discovering that highly fluorinated polymers can be obtained in good yield when a compound with a specific structure having an ethylene bond is used as a raw material for electrolytic fluorination. That is, the present invention uses anhydrous hydrofluoric acid as an electrolytic bath to produce dihydrofuran,
This is a method for producing a fluorine-containing polymer, which comprises electrolytically fluorinating dihydropyran or a cyclic compound in which a hydrogen atom thereof is substituted with an alkyl group or an ether group. According to the present invention, a fluorine-containing polymer containing oxygen atoms can be efficiently produced using readily available compounds as raw materials without requiring special electrolytic cells or electrolytic conditions. In particular, according to the invention, the molecular weight is 5.00
Not only can a fluorine-containing polymer having a fluorine content of 35% or more be obtained, but also a fluorine-containing polymer containing no hydrogen atoms can be obtained. Such fluorine-containing polymers can be used, for example, as thermally and chemically stable lubricants, additives, and insulating agents. Furthermore, the carbon-oxygen bonds of the resulting fluorine-containing polymer can be opened with a suitable reagent to provide a functional group such as a carboxyl group for use. In the present invention, it is extremely important to use a cyclic compound having a specific structure having an ethylene bond and an oxygen atom in the ring as a raw material in order to obtain the desired fluorine-containing polymer. The details of the mechanism by which such cyclic compounds copolymerize together through electrolytic fluorination are not clear at present. Note that fluorine-containing polymers may be obtained by electrolytic fluorination of compounds that have an oxygen atom and a cyclic structure but do not have an ethylene bond, or other general compounds that do not have an ethylene bond. , it is inferior to the cyclic compound of the present invention in terms of its degree of polymerization, degree of fluorination, yield, etc. On the other hand, when a compound having an ethylene bond but not having the above-mentioned specific structure, such as styrene, acrylic acid, cyclohexene, etc., is used as a raw material for electrolytic fluorination, the degree of fluorination is low even though the polymerization reaction proceeds efficiently. On the other hand, even if the fluorination progresses sufficiently, there are cases where the polymerization reaction is difficult to proceed, and the preferable results aimed at by the present invention cannot be obtained. The oxygen-containing cyclic compound used as a raw material in the present invention is dihydrofuran, dihydropyran, or a cyclic compound in which the hydrogen atom of these is substituted with an alkyl group or an ether group. In the present invention, anhydrous hydrofluoric acid is used as the electrolytic bath. Pure anhydrous hydrofluoric acid alone does not have electrical conductivity, but when an unsaturated cyclic ether, which is a raw material that can be used in the present invention, is added thereto, it generally shows some electrical conductivity. However, if the conductivity is insufficient just by adding the raw material compound to anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, it is preferable to add a conductivity increasing agent at a concentration of usually 0.1 to 10% by weight. Conductivity increasing agents include those such as amines and ammonia, which are themselves fluorinated and therefore need to be added sequentially as the fluorination reaction progresses during electrolysis, and alkali metals and alkaline earth metals. Some fluorides are simply dissolved in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. The method of adding the raw material vinyl compound into the electrolytic bath is not particularly limited. For example, it can be added to the bath in advance before electricity is applied, or it can be added continuously or intermittently during electrolysis. Next, regarding the electrolytic bath used in the present invention, its shape is not particularly limited, such as cylindrical, rectangular columnar, etc., and its material may be metals such as nickel, monel, copper, or iron, or electrolytic baths such as fluororesin. What is durable is used. The anode and anode in the electrolytic cell are installed substantially vertically in order to facilitate the escape of gas bubbles generated by electrolysis. The material of the anode is limited in terms of conductivity, corrosion resistance, etc., and nickel, nickel alloy (for example, monel), etc. are used. The shape of the anode includes a plate, a net, a round rod shaped like a sag, a perforated plate, an expanded metal, etc. processed into a flat or wavy shape. On the other hand, the material of the cathode is nickel, nickel alloy, copper, stainless steel, iron, etc., and its shape is the same as that of the anode. Although it is not usually necessary to install a diaphragm between the negative and anode electrodes in the electrolytic cell, a porous plate, a porous membrane, and a partition plate open to the bottom may be installed if necessary, made of a material that can withstand the electrolytic bath. Electrolytic conditions such as current density and amount of current in the electrolytic fluorination of the present invention vary depending on the type, property, amount, etc. of the raw material compound used, the properties of the intended fluorine-containing polymer, etc., and cannot be unconditionally specified. Generally, electrolysis is carried out at a current density of 0.01 to 5 A/ dm2 , and although electrolysis is usually carried out at a constant current, the current value may be changed periodically.
It is also possible to gradually change the current value as the electrolysis progresses. It is also possible to perform constant potential electrolysis. There are no particular restrictions on the temperature, pressure, and whether or not the electrolytic bath is stirred during electrolysis, but generally -20 to +30°C.
Preferably it is carried out at -15 to +15°C. Note that preliminary energization may be appropriately performed in order to remove impurities such as water in the electrolytic bath prior to actual energization.
In this case, an electrode for preliminary energization may be provided separately. The fluorine-containing polymer obtained by the electrolytic fluorination of the present invention is liquid or solid, and often has almost no solubility in anhydrous hydrofluoric acid. Therefore, the desired electrolyzed product may be extracted from the bottom of the electrolytic cell continuously during electrolysis or after electrolysis is completed. Alternatively, after the electrolysis is completed, the anhydrous hydrofluoric acid in the container may be distilled off by heating the container to obtain a container residue or a portion as an electrode deposit. However, the product thus obtained contains a fluorine-containing polymer as well as a low molecular weight compound and, in some cases, a raw material compound. Further, the fluorine-containing polymer may have a certain degree of distribution in molecular weight and degree of fluorination. In such a case, it is also possible to separate and collect a fluorine-containing polymer having a desired molecular weight and degree of fluorination. In this case, recrystallization, distillation,
Separation methods such as extraction, fractional precipitation, and fractional dissolution may be employed. EXAMPLES In order to explain the present invention more specifically, the present invention will be described below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 Electrolytic fluorination of 2,3-dihydropyran was carried out. The electrolytic cell used was made of polychlorotrifluoroethylene and had a capacity of approximately 1000 c.c. The negative and anode are approximately 5
Three and two nickel plates (height 8 cm x width 5
cm). Anhydrous hydrofluoric acid, which has been sufficiently pre-electrolyzed in a separate electrolytic cell to remove impurities such as water, is supplied to the electrolytic cell, and 10 g of 2,3-dihydropyran is added to the electrolytic cell.
After adding , electricity was applied. However, the bath temperature was 0°C and the current value was 0.6A. Yin after 60 hours,
Electrolysis was stopped because the voltage between the anodes reached a sufficiently large value. After removing the anhydrous hydrofluoric acid in the container, the contents were extracted with ethyl ether. Extraction residue has fluorine content
It was 31.4% brown solid. On the other hand, 8.5 g of colorless viscous liquid was obtained as an extract. This product was subjected to infrared absorption spectrum measurement, elemental analysis, and molecular weight measurement. A measuring device based on the vapor pressure equilibrium method (Hitachi PerkinElmer, manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd.) was used to measure the molecular weight. The infrared absorption spectrum showed broad absorption at 1400-1000 cm -1 due to C-F bonds. Almost no absorption due to C--H bonds was observed. The results of elemental analysis and molecular weight measurement were as shown in Table 1.

【表】 実施例 2 12gの2・3−ジヒドロフランの電解弗素化を
行つた。用いた電解槽は実施例1に示したものと
同じで、電解方法も実施例1の場合とほぼ同じで
あつた。但し、電解温度は5℃、電流値は1Aと
し通電時間は40時間であつた。 電解生成物をエチルエーテルで抽出し、7.3g
の粘稠物を得た。このものの赤外吸収スペクトル
はC−F結合に基づく巾広く強い吸収を示した
が、C−H結合に基づく吸収はほとんど示さなか
つた。元素分析、分子量測定の結果については第
2表に示す通りであつた。
[Table] Example 2 12 g of 2,3-dihydrofuran was electrolytically fluorinated. The electrolytic cell used was the same as that shown in Example 1, and the electrolysis method was also almost the same as in Example 1. However, the electrolysis temperature was 5°C, the current value was 1A, and the current application time was 40 hours. The electrolyzed product was extracted with ethyl ether and 7.3g
A viscous substance was obtained. The infrared absorption spectrum of this product showed broad and strong absorption due to C--F bonds, but almost no absorption due to C--H bonds. The results of elemental analysis and molecular weight measurement are as shown in Table 2.

【表】 実施例 3 5gの4−メチル−3・4−ジヒドロ−2H−
ピランの電解弗素化を行つた。用いた電解槽は実
施例1に示したものと同じで、電解方法も実施例
1の場合とほぼ同じであつた。但し、電解温度は
7℃、電流値は0.4Aとし通電時間は100時間であ
つた。 電解生成物をエチルエーテルで抽出し、6.3g
の粘稠物を得た。このものの元素分析及び分子量
測定の結果は第3表に示す通りであつた。
[Table] Example 3 5g of 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-
Electrolytic fluorination of pyran was carried out. The electrolytic cell used was the same as that shown in Example 1, and the electrolysis method was also almost the same as in Example 1. However, the electrolysis temperature was 7°C, the current value was 0.4A, and the current application time was 100 hours. The electrolyzed product was extracted with ethyl ether and 6.3g
A viscous substance was obtained. The results of elemental analysis and molecular weight measurement of this product were as shown in Table 3.

【表】【table】

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 無水弗化水素酸を電解浴として、ジヒドロフ
ラン、ジヒドロピラン又はこれらの水素原子がア
ルキル基またはエーテル基に置換された環状化合
物を電解弗素化することを特徴とする含弗素高分
子体の製造方法。
1. Production of a fluorine-containing polymer characterized by electrolytically fluorinating dihydrofuran, dihydropyran, or a cyclic compound in which the hydrogen atoms thereof are substituted with an alkyl group or an ether group using anhydrous hydrofluoric acid as an electrolytic bath. Method.
JP5801479A 1979-05-14 1979-05-14 Preparation of fluorine-containing polymer Granted JPS55151016A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5801479A JPS55151016A (en) 1979-05-14 1979-05-14 Preparation of fluorine-containing polymer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP5801479A JPS55151016A (en) 1979-05-14 1979-05-14 Preparation of fluorine-containing polymer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS55151016A JPS55151016A (en) 1980-11-25
JPS625164B2 true JPS625164B2 (en) 1987-02-03

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP5801479A Granted JPS55151016A (en) 1979-05-14 1979-05-14 Preparation of fluorine-containing polymer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS55151016A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7513985B2 (en) 2005-10-17 2009-04-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Electrochemical fluorination of acrylic polymer and product therefrom

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS55151016A (en) 1980-11-25

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