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JPS6312657B2 - - Google Patents
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JPS6312657B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPS6312657B2
JPS6312657B2 JP55157626A JP15762680A JPS6312657B2 JP S6312657 B2 JPS6312657 B2 JP S6312657B2 JP 55157626 A JP55157626 A JP 55157626A JP 15762680 A JP15762680 A JP 15762680A JP S6312657 B2 JPS6312657 B2 JP S6312657B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
carrier
catalyst
oxyhalogenation
chloride
basic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP55157626A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS5781833A (en
Inventor
Toshuki Takada
Masataka Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tokuyama Corp
Original Assignee
Tokuyama Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tokuyama Corp filed Critical Tokuyama Corp
Priority to JP15762680A priority Critical patent/JPS5781833A/en
Publication of JPS5781833A publication Critical patent/JPS5781833A/en
Publication of JPS6312657B2 publication Critical patent/JPS6312657B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明はオキシハロゲン化触媒、特にエチレン
のオキシクロリネーシヨン反応に好適に用いられ
るオキシハロゲン化触媒の製造方法に関する。 従来、オキシハロゲン化反応触媒は塩化銅、塩
化鉄、塩化銀、塩化鉛、塩化白金、塩化金、塩化
ルテニウム、塩化クロム等を主成分とし、これに
補助成分として塩化カリウム、塩化ナトリウム、
塩化マグネシウム、塩化セシウム等の塩化物を適
宜組合せ、これらを担体に担持させたものが一般
的に用いられている。この場合、担体としては、
アルミナ、シリカゲル、シリカ−アルミナ、活性
炭、酸性白土、軽石等が知られているが、比表面
積が大きいこと、耐熱性があること、機械的強度
が大きい等の特長を有するアルミナ、シリカある
いはこれらを主体としたものが実用に供されてい
る。例えば、アルミナあるいはシリカに塩化銅を
担持させた触媒はエチレンのオキシクロリネーシ
ヨンによる1,2−ジクロエタンの製造に用いら
れているが、望ましくない副反応、即ち燃焼反応
による一酸化炭素または炭酸ガスの生成、エチル
クロライド、クロラールおよび1,1,2−トリ
クロルエタン等の生成を伴ない、1,2−ジクロ
ルエタンの選択率を低下させるという改善すべき
課題を有している。これらの解決のために上述の
ように補助成分としてアルカリ金属又はアルカリ
土類金属の塩化物を添加する方法が採られてきた
が、この場合はオキシハロゲン化の主反応に対す
る活性が低下するという重大な欠陥を有してい
る。 本発明者等は副反応を抑え、且つ活性低下のな
い触媒を開発すべく種々検討の結果、塩基性担体
にオキシハロゲン化触媒を担持させることによ
り、この目的を充分に達成することができること
を見出した。既に提案した(特願昭55−60680
号)。 特願昭55−60680号において用いられる担体は
それ自体塩基性を示すものでもよいが、比表面積
が大きく耐熱性があり、且つ機械的強度の大きい
アルミナ、シリカあるいはそれらを主成分とする
酸性担体をアルカリ金属水酸化物などの塩基性化
剤で塩基性化したものが好ましく用いられる。 しかして、かかる担体に塩基性試剤とともにオ
キシハロゲン化触媒を担持させ加熱、焼成して調
製した触媒は、オキシハロゲン化反応に対する活
性低下が著しい。この原因について、本発明者ら
は鋭意研究の結果、上記の触媒調製において用い
たオキシハロゲン化触媒の成分と塩基性試剤とが
反応して生成するアルカリ金属塩の中性塩に基因
することを知見した。即ち、例えばオキシハロゲ
ン化触媒の主成分そして塩化第二銅などの銅塩を
用い、担体に塩基性試剤として水酸化ナトリウム
などのアルカリ金属水酸化物とともに担持させた
場合には、食塩が生成して加熱、焼成しても得ら
れるオキシハロゲン化触媒中に残存して除去され
ない。 本発明は上記の知見に基づき、オキシハロゲン
化触媒の主成分として特定した銅塩を用いること
によつて、活性低下のないオキシハロゲン化触媒
が得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。即
ち本発明はアルミナ担体、シリカ−アルミナ担体
又はこれらの前駆体に、アルカリ金属化合物より
なる塩基性試剤の存在下に水溶性で且つ熱分解に
より酸化銅となる銅塩を担持させ、次いで焼成す
ることを特徴とするオキシハロゲン化触媒の製造
方法である。 本発明において用いる担体は一般に酸性担体で
あり、指示薬ニユートラルレツドで色調を判断す
るハメツトの酸強度関数H0が一般に6.8以下の触
媒担体として必要な比表面積が大きく耐熱性を有
し、機械的強度が大きいなどの特性を有するもの
が好ましい。具体的にはアルミナ、アルミナ−シ
リカが実用上特に好適にに供せられる。また焼成
によつてこれらの化合物となるアルミナヒドロゲ
ルなどの前駆体を用いることもできる。 また本発明で用いる塩基性試剤はアルカリ金属
化合物である。該アルカリ金属化合物は担体に後
述する銅塩を担持させる処理条件下に塩基性を付
与するものであれば特に限定されないが一般には
水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチ
ウム、酸化ナトリウム、酸化カリウム、酸化リチ
ウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム等が好適で
ある。特にアルカリ金属の水酸化物は好ましい。 本発明においては、オキシハロゲン化触媒の主
成分として、熱分解可能な銅塩を用いることが、
塩基性担体に担持された活性低下のない良好なオ
キシハロゲン化触媒を得るために極めて重要であ
る。 かかる銅塩としては熱分解可能なものであれば
特に限定されないが、一般に後述する焼成条件下
に分解可能で、かつ水などに溶解し易く溶液とな
り得るものが好ましい。例えば硝酸銅、水酸化銅
アンモニウム、酢酸銅、塩基性炭酸銅などが好ま
しく用いられる。 本発明において、例えばオキシハロゲン化触媒
の成分として硝酸塩を用いた場合には、同時に用
いる塩基性試剤である例えば水酸化ナトリウムな
どのアルカリ金属水酸化物と反応して硝酸ナトリ
ウムを生成する。しかしながら、本発明の後述す
る焼成によつて調製されるオキシハロゲン化触媒
は、硝酸ナトリウムが分解して塩基性の酸化ナト
リウムに変換されるために触媒活性の低下が回避
される。 本発明において担体に塩基性試剤と熱分解可能
な銅塩とを担持させる方法は特に制限されない。
一般には担体に塩基性試剤および熱分解可能な銅
塩を水溶液にして浸漬法などによつて含浸させる
方法が簡便で好ましく採用される。 例えば、担体に塩基性試剤の水溶液を浸漬など
によつて含浸させ乾燥後、次いで熱分解可能な銅
塩の水溶液を浸漬などによつて含浸させる。ま
た、酸性担体に先ず熱分解可能な銅塩の水溶液を
浸漬法などによつて含浸させ乾燥後、次いで塩基
性試剤の水溶液を浸漬などによつて含浸させても
よい。勿論、酸性担体に塩基性試剤と熱分解可能
な銅塩を同時に担持させてもよい。さらにまた、
担体としてアルミナヒドロゲルなどの前駆体に、
塩基性試剤および熱分解可能な銅塩を混練させて
もよい。 なお、酸性担体に対する塩基性試剤による塩基
性化は塩基性試剤の種類によつて異なるが、塩基
性試剤の水溶液を用いる場合その濃度または酸性
担体に対する浸漬回数によつて調節される。一般
に酸性担体に対して水酸化物換算で2重量%以
上、好ましくは9重量%以上である。また、担体
に対する銅塩の担持量は、酸化銅に換算して一般
に5〜15重量%である。 次に、本発明は塩基性試剤と熱分解可能な銅塩
を担持させた担体を加熱、焼成することが必要で
ある。前記した如く、本発明によつて得られるオ
キシハロゲン化触媒は、熱分解可能な銅塩を用い
るとともに、加熱、焼成することによつて該触媒
中に塩化ナトリウムなどの中性塩が残存しないた
めに触媒活性の低下が殆んど認められない。ま
た、本発明は加熱、焼成によつて酸性担体に塩基
性試剤を強固に結合することができる。焼成の温
度は、オキシハロゲン化触媒の成分として用いる
加熱分解可能な銅塩の種類に応じて決定すればよ
く、一般に300〜800℃に特に400〜600℃である。 本発明によつて得られるオキシハロゲン化触媒
は副反応、特に燃焼反応を著しく抑制するととも
に活性低下が殆んどないという特徴を有する。従
つて、エチレンのオキシクロリネーシヨンによる
1,2−ジクロルエタンの製造、1,2−ジクロ
ルエタンのオキシクロリネーシヨンによるトリク
ロルエチレンおよびパークロルエチレンの造、メ
タンのオキシクロリネーシヨンによるメチレンク
ロライド、四塩化水素およびクロロホルムの製造
等に好ましく用いられる。 以下実施例をあげて説明するが、本発明はこれ
に限られるものではない。 実施例 1 平均粒径55μmのγ−アルミナに水酸化ナトリ
ウムを含浸させ、濾過、風乾後、硝酸銅を含浸さ
せて120℃で乾燥した。これを更に、550℃で焼成
した。焼成に伴い窒素酸化物のガスが発生した。
この触媒中にはCuOとして8.6wt%、Na2Oとし
て7.0wt%を含んでいた。 このようにして得たオキシハロゲン化触媒30ml
を用いてエチレンのオキシクロリネーシヨン反応
を行つた。反応器は内径30mmφで全ガラス製のも
のを用いた、反応器の上部にはサイクロンを、下
部にはガラスフイルターの分散板を取りつけて触
媒が循環されるように構成した。この反応器を温
度調節付きの砂浴に入れ、エチレンのオキシクロ
リネーシヨン反応を260℃、常圧で行つた。原料
としてエチレン、塩化水素および酸素をそのモル
比が2:4:1で、また窒素を窒素:酸素のモル
比が79:21となるよう合計で3.51mol/hr供給し
た。反応結果は第1表に示す通りであつた。
The present invention relates to an oxyhalogenation catalyst, particularly a method for producing an oxyhalogenation catalyst suitable for use in the oxychlorination reaction of ethylene. Conventionally, oxyhalogenation reaction catalysts have copper chloride, iron chloride, silver chloride, lead chloride, platinum chloride, gold chloride, ruthenium chloride, chromium chloride, etc. as main components, and supplementary components such as potassium chloride, sodium chloride,
A suitable combination of chlorides such as magnesium chloride and cesium chloride, supported on a carrier, is generally used. In this case, the carrier is
Alumina, silica gel, silica-alumina, activated carbon, acid clay, pumice, etc. are known, but alumina, silica, or these have characteristics such as large specific surface area, heat resistance, and high mechanical strength. The main components are put into practical use. For example, catalysts with copper chloride supported on alumina or silica have been used in the production of 1,2-dichlorothane by oxychlorination of ethylene, but undesirable side reactions, such as carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide gas due to combustion reactions, , ethyl chloride, chloral, 1,1,2-trichloroethane, etc., and there is a problem to be improved in that the selectivity of 1,2-dichloroethane is reduced. In order to solve these problems, the method of adding alkali metal or alkaline earth metal chlorides as auxiliary components has been adopted as described above, but in this case, there is a serious problem that the activity for the main reaction of oxyhalogenation decreases. It has some defects. As a result of various studies aimed at developing a catalyst that suppresses side reactions and does not reduce activity, the present inventors have found that this objective can be fully achieved by supporting an oxyhalogenation catalyst on a basic carrier. I found it. Already proposed (patent application 1986-60680)
issue). The carrier used in Japanese Patent Application No. 55-60680 may be basic in itself, but it may be alumina, silica, or an acidic carrier containing these as main components, which has a large specific surface area, is heat resistant, and has high mechanical strength. It is preferably used that has been made basic with a basifying agent such as an alkali metal hydroxide. However, a catalyst prepared by supporting an oxyhalogenation catalyst together with a basic reagent on such a carrier and heating and calcining the carrier has a significant decrease in activity for the oxyhalogenation reaction. As a result of extensive research, the present inventors have determined that the cause of this is due to the neutral salt of the alkali metal salt produced by the reaction between the components of the oxyhalogenation catalyst used in the above catalyst preparation and the basic reagent. I found out. That is, for example, when the main components of an oxyhalogenation catalyst and a copper salt such as cupric chloride are used and supported on a carrier together with an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide as a basic reagent, common salt is generated. It remains in the resulting oxyhalogenation catalyst even after heating and calcination and is not removed. Based on the above findings, the present invention has been completed based on the discovery that an oxyhalogenation catalyst without a decrease in activity can be obtained by using the specified copper salt as the main component of the oxyhalogenation catalyst. That is, the present invention supports an alumina carrier, a silica-alumina carrier, or a precursor thereof, in the presence of a basic reagent consisting of an alkali metal compound, with a copper salt that is water-soluble and becomes copper oxide through thermal decomposition, and then calcined. This is a method for producing an oxyhalogenation catalyst characterized by the following. The carrier used in the present invention is generally an acidic carrier, and has a large specific surface area required as a catalyst carrier with an acid strength function H 0 of 6.8 or less, which is used to determine color tone using an indicator neutral red, and is heat resistant. It is preferable to use a material having characteristics such as high target strength. Specifically, alumina and alumina-silica are particularly suitable for practical use. It is also possible to use precursors such as alumina hydrogel that become these compounds upon firing. Further, the basic reagent used in the present invention is an alkali metal compound. The alkali metal compound is not particularly limited as long as it imparts basicity under treatment conditions for supporting the copper salt described below on the carrier, but generally includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, sodium oxide, and potassium oxide. , lithium oxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, etc. are suitable. Particularly preferred are alkali metal hydroxides. In the present invention, it is possible to use a thermally decomposable copper salt as the main component of the oxyhalogenation catalyst.
This is extremely important in order to obtain a good oxyhalogenation catalyst supported on a basic carrier without any decrease in activity. Such a copper salt is not particularly limited as long as it can be thermally decomposed, but it is generally preferable to use one that can be decomposed under the firing conditions described below and is easily soluble in water or the like to form a solution. For example, copper nitrate, cuprammonium hydroxide, copper acetate, basic copper carbonate, etc. are preferably used. In the present invention, when a nitrate is used as a component of the oxyhalogenation catalyst, for example, it reacts with an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, which is a basic agent used at the same time, to produce sodium nitrate. However, in the oxyhalogenation catalyst prepared by calcination according to the present invention, which will be described later, sodium nitrate is decomposed and converted to basic sodium oxide, so that a decrease in catalytic activity is avoided. In the present invention, the method for supporting the basic reagent and the thermally decomposable copper salt on the carrier is not particularly limited.
Generally, a method of impregnating the carrier with an aqueous solution of a basic reagent and a thermally decomposable copper salt by dipping or the like is simple and preferred. For example, the carrier is impregnated with an aqueous solution of a basic agent by immersion or the like, dried, and then impregnated with an aqueous solution of a thermally decomposable copper salt by immersion or the like. Alternatively, the acidic carrier may first be impregnated with an aqueous solution of a thermally decomposable copper salt by a dipping method, dried, and then impregnated with an aqueous solution of a basic agent by a dipping method or the like. Of course, the basic reagent and the thermally decomposable copper salt may be simultaneously supported on the acidic carrier. Furthermore,
to a precursor such as alumina hydrogel as a carrier;
The basic agent and the thermally decomposable copper salt may be kneaded. The basification of the acidic carrier by the basic agent differs depending on the type of the basic agent, but when an aqueous solution of the basic agent is used, it is regulated by its concentration or the number of times the acidic carrier is immersed. Generally, the amount is 2% by weight or more, preferably 9% by weight or more in terms of hydroxide, based on the acidic carrier. Further, the amount of copper salt supported on the carrier is generally 5 to 15% by weight in terms of copper oxide. Next, in the present invention, it is necessary to heat and sinter the carrier on which the basic reagent and the thermally decomposable copper salt are supported. As mentioned above, the oxyhalogenation catalyst obtained by the present invention uses a thermally decomposable copper salt and is heated and calcined so that no neutral salts such as sodium chloride remain in the catalyst. Almost no decrease in catalyst activity was observed. Further, in the present invention, the basic reagent can be firmly bonded to the acidic carrier by heating and baking. The firing temperature may be determined depending on the type of thermally decomposable copper salt used as a component of the oxyhalogenation catalyst, and is generally 300 to 800°C, particularly 400 to 600°C. The oxyhalogenation catalyst obtained by the present invention is characterized in that side reactions, particularly combustion reactions, are significantly suppressed and there is almost no decrease in activity. Therefore, the production of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethylene, the production of trichlorethylene and perchlorethylene by oxychlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane, and the production of methylene chloride and tetrachloride by oxychlorination of methane. It is preferably used for the production of hydrogen and chloroform. The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 γ-Alumina having an average particle size of 55 μm was impregnated with sodium hydroxide, filtered, air-dried, impregnated with copper nitrate, and dried at 120°C. This was further fired at 550°C. Nitrogen oxide gas was generated during firing.
This catalyst contained 8.6 wt% as CuO and 7.0 wt% as Na 2 O. 30ml of the oxyhalogenation catalyst thus obtained
The oxychlorination reaction of ethylene was carried out using The reactor was made entirely of glass and had an inner diameter of 30 mm.A cyclone was attached to the upper part of the reactor, and a glass filter dispersion plate was attached to the lower part to circulate the catalyst. This reactor was placed in a temperature-controlled sand bath, and oxychlorination reaction of ethylene was carried out at 260°C and normal pressure. As raw materials, ethylene, hydrogen chloride, and oxygen were supplied at a molar ratio of 2:4:1, and nitrogen was supplied at a total of 3.51 mol/hr so that the molar ratio of nitrogen:oxygen was 79:21. The reaction results were as shown in Table 1.

【表】【table】

【表】 モル数
* 選択率=
[Table] Number of moles * Selectivity =

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】[Claims] 1 アルミナ担体、シリカ−アルミナ担体又はこ
れらの前駆体に、アルカリ金属化合物よりなる塩
基性試剤の存在下に水溶性で且つ熱分解により酸
化銅となる銅塩を担持させ、次いで焼成すること
を特徴とするオキシハロゲン化触媒の製造方法。
1. A method characterized in that an alumina carrier, a silica-alumina carrier, or a precursor thereof is supported with a water-soluble copper salt that becomes copper oxide through thermal decomposition in the presence of a basic reagent consisting of an alkali metal compound, and then calcined. A method for producing an oxyhalogenation catalyst.
JP15762680A 1980-11-11 1980-11-11 Catalyst for oxyhalogenation Granted JPS5781833A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15762680A JPS5781833A (en) 1980-11-11 1980-11-11 Catalyst for oxyhalogenation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15762680A JPS5781833A (en) 1980-11-11 1980-11-11 Catalyst for oxyhalogenation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS5781833A JPS5781833A (en) 1982-05-22
JPS6312657B2 true JPS6312657B2 (en) 1988-03-22

Family

ID=15653835

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP15762680A Granted JPS5781833A (en) 1980-11-11 1980-11-11 Catalyst for oxyhalogenation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS5781833A (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5084135B2 (en) * 2005-11-24 2012-11-28 日揮触媒化成株式会社 Oxychlorination catalyst and method for producing the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1439171A (en) * 1973-01-09 1976-06-09 Ici Ltd Oxyhalogenation process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5781833A (en) 1982-05-22

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