JPS6313803B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a device for reducing the volume of solid waste, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a device for reducing the volume of solid waste, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a device for reducing the volume of solid waste. It is an economical method that allows radioactive solid waste such as rags, concrete pieces, steel materials, high-performance filters, and insulation materials to be stored as a stable solid material in the form of solidified pellets or drums, which can be landfilled or stored. This invention relates to a solid waste volume reduction treatment device. [Background of the invention] So-called uncombustible garbage, which includes various types of plastics, metals, glass, rubber, etc., discharged from households and factories is disposed of by methods such as incineration, landfill, and resource recovery. However, each of these processes has its own problems. The main causes are often various plastics in the garbage, such as melting during incineration, clogging of the furnace due to adhesion, damage to the furnace due to local overheating, and generation of harmful gases such as chlorine and dioxins. In addition, many bulky items, such as styrofoam, polyethylene sheets, and bags, are often disposed of in landfills, which incurs transportation costs, and even after landfilling, they can be exposed on the surface and blown away by the wind, polluting the environment. Recently, various methods for collecting and reusing various plastics have been proposed from the perspective of effective resource utilization, but municipal waste contains a variety of miscellaneous items, and it is rather costly to separate them. It has the following drawbacks. Therefore, we focused on the characteristics of the thermoplastic plastics contained in these municipal garbage.
A method has been proposed in which a coarse granular mixed solidified material is obtained by adding granular inorganic substances (sand, crushed stone, incinerated ash, etc.) (Japanese Patent Publication No. 11273/1983).
In this method, metal pieces, cloth, etc. are not subject to granulation, and processing after separation is required. On the other hand, polysheet, paper waste, and cloth waste contaminated with radioactive materials during work at nuclear power plants, etc.
Concrete pieces, steel materials, high-performance filters, insulation materials, etc. are generated, and these are packaged in plastic bags as miscellaneous solid waste, and in some cases are classified into combustible, non-flammable, or non-combustible materials and placed in drums. , have been stored and stored. For example, in the case of waste products such as high-performance filters that are made up of wood, filter media (inorganic materials), metal plates, etc., they must be dismantled and sorted, which complicates the process and may expose workers to radiation. A problem arises in that the characteristics become larger. These drums have been stored in storage, but the storage space has become smaller than expected, so we decided to incinerate what can be incinerated among these miscellaneous solid wastes, and store the incinerated ash directly in drums or solidify it with cement. etc. It is a more stable solid substance. Since this incineration process targets bulky items such as polysheets, plastic bags, and paper waste, its volume reduction effect is extremely large, and it has been widely adopted for waste treatment at nuclear power plants, RI facilities, etc. . However, incineration of a large amount of plastic may cause damage to the furnace, and the incineration treatment equipment must also be equipped with a waste gas treatment equipment, which also generates secondary waste, which also has the drawbacks of high equipment costs. Another method for treating miscellaneous solid waste is compression and volume reduction using a press.
A high pressure compression volume reduction device of about 3000Kg/cm ² is being developed. According to this method, polysheets, plastic bags, paper waste, etc. can be compressed with almost no gaps, and it is an effective method for volume reduction. However, in this method, the obtained compressed body itself is a collection of heterogeneous objects, which is not preferable for long-term storage. [Objective of the Invention] The object of the present invention is to convert municipal waste including various plastics other than so-called kitchen waste, or radioactive solid waste generated at nuclear power plants, RI facilities, etc. into melted plastic without generating other waste. Because it penetrates into waste cloth, paper, insulation materials, etc., it solidifies.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a volume reduction device for solid waste that produces a solid waste that can be landfilled, pelletized, or drum-canned in a stable form with excellent volume reduction properties. [Configuration of the Invention] The configuration of the present invention includes a rotary shaft equipped with continuous helical blades housed inside a hollow cylindrical body having a waste input section, an external heating section, and a waste exit section,
The upper end side of the rotating shaft is connected to the power unit via a supporting means that allows the shaft to swing, and a clearance is provided between the blade and the wall surface of the hollow cylindrical body to prevent solid waste from bridging, and This apparatus is characterized in that the waste outlet section is provided with a waste outlet nozzle section that enables compression of the solid waste. Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a volume reduction device showing an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, a hollow cylindrical body 1 includes a waste input section 1a, an external heating section 1b, and a waste outlet section 1.
It has a rotating shaft 4 having a continuous helical blade 3 therein. This hollow cylindrical body 1 preferably has an angle of repose equal to or less than the angle of repose of the solid waste 2 containing plastic in the direction of the waste outlet 1c in order to effectively transfer, crush, crush, mix, and compress the solid waste. It is placed at a downward angle. The rotating shaft 4 is connected to the power unit 6 via a connector (supporting means) 5 whose upper end can swing, and its rotation is maintained by a free type bearing 7. There is a clearance between the inner wall surface of the hollow cylindrical body 1 and the blades 3 such that the solid waste 2 causes bridging in the gap between the inner wall surface and the blades 3, usually 5.
A clearance of ~20mm is provided. This blade 3 includes a waste input section 1a and an external heating section 1b.
As shown in FIG. 2, approximately half the tip portion can be tilted approximately 10 to 30 degrees toward the upper end of the rotating shaft 4. As shown in FIG. Thereby, stirring, mixing, and crushing of the solid waste 2 can be promoted more effectively. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 3, by making a notch in at least one of the blades 3 in this part, gas (air or water vapor) mixed in when solid waste 2 is inputted or generated during the treatment process can be easily discharged. This makes transportation and crushing more efficient. Further, in the volume reduction device of the present invention, the waste outlet portion 1c of the hollow cylindrical body 1
A waste outlet nozzle section 9 is provided at the waste outlet nozzle section 9, in which the solid waste 2 is pulverized, plastics and rubber are melted, and the homogenized solid waste 2 is compressed into a strong solidified body. This waste outlet nozzle part 9 may be formed integrally with the hollow cylindrical body 1, and may have an inner diameter that is approximately the same as the inner diameter of the cylindrical body, and its cross section may be a polygon such as a hexagon or a circle. desirable.
Furthermore, a protrusion may be provided on the inner wall of the waste outlet nozzle portion 9, or the inner wall may be made rough. Next, a method for reducing the volume of solid waste using the volume reducing apparatus of the present invention will be explained based on FIG. Solid waste 2 containing plastics is charged into the hollow cylindrical body 1 from a waste input section 1a formed by a hopper or the like by means of a conveyor (not shown) such as a belt conveyor. At this time, a shredding machine 10 is attached to or included in the volume reduction device, and by shredding the solid waste in advance with the shredding machine, various solid wastes can be processed. It becomes easier to control the amount of input, and it also becomes possible to downsize the entire solid waste treatment device. Note that by including the shredder in the volume reduction device of the present invention,
Since it is not necessary to transport the solid waste to the volume reduction device after shredding, the solid waste 2 is prevented from scattering during transport. The input solid waste 2 is gradually transferred toward the external heating section 1b by the rotation of continuous spiral blades 3 supported by the rotating shaft 4. Further, as mentioned above, since the hollow cylindrical body 1 has an angle of repose below the solid waste, specifically, an angle of 5 to 30 degrees in the direction of the waste outlet 1c, the solid waste 2
The transfer will proceed smoothly. The inclination of the hollow cylindrical body 1 may be horizontal, but if it is less than 5 degrees, depending on the type and condition of the solid waste 2, the resistance to the transfer of the molten waste may become excessive, resulting in excessive power, damage to the equipment, etc. It can happen. On the other hand, if the slope exceeds 30 degrees, the bridging phenomenon will not occur sufficiently, and the crushing, grinding and mixing of waste will be insufficient, making it difficult to form a good solidified product. Further, the blade 3 has a tip portion of approximately half in the direction opposite to the direction in which the solid waste 2 is transferred, that is, the rotating shaft 4
If the blades 3 are tilted 10 to 30 degrees toward the upper end, and if at least one of the blades 3 is notched, the solid waste 2 can be transported, crushed, and crushed more efficiently. It is necessary that the length of the blade 3 is set to the clogging limit point of the solid waste 2. The occlusion limit point here refers to the point at which, when the length of the blade 3 is constant, the solid waste 2 is not discharged in a fixed amount below a certain number of rotations. Therefore, in the present invention, when the length of the blade 3 is constant, the rotation speed of the rotating shaft 4 is
It is necessary to set the rotational speed to the lowest rotational speed (occlusion rotational speed) at which the rotating waste 2 is discharged in a fixed amount. Furthermore, the clearance between the blade 3 and the inner wall of the hollow cylindrical body 1 should be 5 to 20 mm with the rotating shaft 4 and the center of the hollow cylindrical body 1 coaxial. This is desirable from the point of view of efficient execution. The solid waste 2 crushed and crushed in this manner melts the thermoplastic plastic and rubber in the external heating section 1b of the hollow cylindrical body 1, and becomes a uniform mixture. By heating the outside of the external heating section 1b to about 200 to 280°C using heating means 8 such as hot air, the temperature inside the external heating section 1b becomes in the range of 160 to 250°C. In this temperature range, plastics and other materials will melt, but no gas will be generated and paper will not burn. Also,
Because the tube is moved in a sealed manner, there is a small amount of air inside the tube, so an explosion will not occur. As the heating means 8, a method using a heating medium, a method using an electric heater, a method using steam heating, a method using induction heating, etc. are appropriately selected. In the present invention, as described above, it is not necessary to provide a large clearance between the hollow cylindrical body 1 and the blades 3 that would cause a bridging phenomenon, or to provide the hollow cylindrical body 1 with a downward slope. This is completely beyond the ideas of Euphida and others. Screw feeders, etc., have a large clearance when transferring powder and granular materials, etc.
This part becomes a dead space and causes the so-called bridging phenomenon, resulting in a part that is not transferred.In this case, the inventors have conducted extensive research based on the fact that the powder and granules are further finely granulated. As a result, the rotating shaft 4 is provided with a free type bearing 7 at one end and is connected to the power unit 6 via the support means 5 which allows the shaft to oscillate, thereby achieving both semi-free rotation and clearance. It was discovered that these two factors together have an effect that has not been seen before. That is, since the rotating shaft 4 equipped with the blades 3 performs eccentric rotational movement (does not have a fixed center), the waste is transferred to the blades 3.
At the same time, a bridging phenomenon occurs temporarily within the clearance, but this part generates heat due to collision and friction, making it possible to crush and crush the material. This heat generation phenomenon reduces the amount of external heating,
It also saves energy. Furthermore, in the external heating section 1b, the internal waste is heated to 160 to 250℃ by external heat.
As the crushed solid waste 2 is heated, plastics, rubber, etc. in the pulverized solid waste 2 melt and penetrate into waste cloth, paper, heat insulating materials, etc., and are almost uniformly mixed with other substances and transported downward. When this molten mixed waste reaches the lower end of the hollow cylindrical body 1, that is, the waste outlet section 1c, its movement stops, but it is pushed out to the waste outlet nozzle section 9 by the subsequent molten mixed waste. At this time, the waste outlet nozzle part 9
Since the waste is cooled in this section, the molten plastic is solidified and compressed by the frictional resistance between the waste and the inner wall of the waste outlet nozzle section 9, resulting in a good solidified product. The shape of the waste outlet nozzle portion 9 is preferably one having approximately the same diameter as the hollow cylindrical body 1, but may have a reduced inner diameter depending on the case. Further, its cross section is preferably circular or hexagonal. If the diameter of the waste outlet nozzle portion 9 is too large, the molten and mixed waste will not be sufficiently compressed, and if it is too small, the resistance will be too large and damage may occur due to power or the like. In some cases, instead of the waste outlet nozzle part 9, a die used for plastic molding may be installed and the waste may be cut with a cutter to obtain pellet-like waste. Example 1 2.2 m ³ of polyethylene sheet was mixed with a mixture of 1 m ³ of waste cloth, 0.7 m ³ of polypropylene pipe, 0.2 m ³ of lumber and 0.1 m ³ of high performance (HEPA) filter having the dimensions shown in Table 1, and The sample was put into the volume reduction apparatus of the present invention as shown in FIG.

[Table] (mm)
As a result, a strong and uniform solidified product was obtained. The volume before charging was 4.2 m ³ , and the volume of the obtained solidified product was 0.285 m ³ . At this time, there were 16 residues in the volume reduction device. From this, the volume ratio is 1/
I found out I'm turning 14. [Effects of the Invention] According to the volume reduction device of the present invention, it is possible to significantly reduce the volume of municipal waste containing plastics or solid waste from nuclear power plants, and it is possible to reduce the volume of municipal waste including plastics or solid waste from nuclear power plants, and to compress and solidify or pelletize various types of waste. can be used for various processing methods. In other words, the solid waste (solidified material) produced by the volume reduction device of the present invention is, so to speak, plastic-coated waste, and in the case of municipal waste, it can be directly disposed of in a landfill, and it is not included in dry batteries, etc. Contains toxic metals and prevents the spread of pollution in the environment. In addition, waste treatment using this device is sealed at a temperature of 280°C or less, so there is no generation of mercury or dioxins in dry batteries, etc., and the open parts are the input part and the outlet nozzle, making waste gas treatment easy. It is. On the other hand, in the case of radioactive solid waste, depending on the amount and type of nuclides, if the amount is so small that it can be disposed of by so-called "cutting", it is possible to dispose of it underground in drum cans. Moreover, solidified waste stored in drums by pelletizing or the like can be melted as a final treatment method. Furthermore, the volume reduction device of the present invention can be loaded onto a truck or the like, so that it can be made mobile and moved to a necessary treatment site for use. Furthermore, when a shredder is incorporated in the waste input section of the hollow cylindrical body such as the hopper of the volume reduction device of the present invention or in its vicinity, the shredder in the conventional solid waste conveyor processing device and the conveyor This eliminates the need for incidental equipment for the waste supply device, making the entire device compact, and especially in the case of radioactive waste, it becomes a volume reduction device that is effective for preventing the spread of contamination and for making it mobile.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing one embodiment of the volume reduction device of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a detailed view of the blade from the waste input part of the hollow cylindrical body to the external heating part, and Fig. 3 is a notch. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the blade shown in FIG. 1...Hollow cylindrical body, 1a...Waste input part,
1b...external heating section, 1c...waste outlet section, 2
...Solid waste, 3...Blade, 4...Rotating shaft, 5...
... Connector (support means), 6 ... Power section, 7 ... Free type bearing, 8 ... Heating means, 9 ... Waste outlet nozzle section, 10 ... Shredder.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A rotating shaft equipped with continuous spiral blades is housed inside a hollow cylindrical body having a waste input section, an external heating section, and a waste exit section, and the upper end side of the rotating shaft is is connected to the power unit via a supporting means that can oscillate, and a clearance is provided between the blade and the wall surface of the hollow cylindrical body to cause bridging of solid waste. 1. A device for reducing the volume of solid waste containing plastics, characterized in that it is provided with a waste outlet nozzle portion that allows compression of the solid waste. 2. The solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the hollow cylindrical body is installed at a downward angle that is less than the angle of repose of the solid waste containing plastic in the direction of the waste outlet. volume reduction device. 3. The solid waste volume reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the clearance is 5 to 20 mm when the rotating shaft and the hollow cylindrical body are coaxial. 4. The solid waste volume reduction device according to claim 1, wherein the waste outlet nozzle has a circular or polygonal cross section with an inner diameter substantially the same as that of the cylindrical body. 5. The solid waste according to claim 1, wherein the tip portion of approximately half of the blade between the waste input section and the external heating section is inclined toward the upper end of the rotation axis. volume reduction device. 6. The solid waste volume reduction device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the blades between the waste input section and the external heating section is notched.