【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は固体潤滑剤として好適な改質フツ化黒
鉛に関する。更に詳細には、本発明は、フツ化黒
鉛(以下“GF”で表わす)とアミンを反応させ
ることにより、該フツ化黒鉛の一部を分解させて
得られる、潤滑特性の向上した改質フツ化黒鉛
(以下“改質GF”で表わす)潤滑剤に関する。
GFは固体粉末であつて特異な潤滑性、撥水撥
油性を有し、耐薬品性もすぐれていることから、
固体潤滑剤、防濡剤、防汚剤、撥水撥油性などと
して使用されている。
一方、電池活物質としても有用であり、電池の
保存性が良好な高エネルギー密度の一次電池を与
えることがよく知られている。このようにGFは
広範な分野で工業的に高く評価されており、さら
に今後、より多くの分野で応用開発の期待できる
化合物である。
GFの一つには(CF)oで表わされるポリモノカ
ーボンモノフルオライドがあり、これは上述した
ように電池活物質として有用であることはよく知
られている(特公昭48−25565号明細書参照)。
(CF)oは、例えば石油コークスなどのような非晶
質炭素材料とフツ素を約200℃〜約450℃で反応さ
せるか又は、天然あるいは人造黒鉛のような結晶
性炭素材料とフツ素を約500℃〜約630℃で反応さ
せて得られる。更に別のGFとしては、渡辺等に
よつて発見された(C2F)oで表わされるポリジカ
ーボンモノフルオライドがある。(C2F)oは比較
的高収率で安価に得られる。この(C2F)oは、特
開昭53−102893号明細書及び米国再発行特許第
Re30667号明細書に詳述されているように、黒鉛
材料を100〜760mmHgのフツ素圧下において、300
〜500℃で加熱することによつて得られる。
(C2F)oの製造に用いられる黒鉛材料としては、
天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、キツシユ黒鉛、熱分解黒鉛
又はそれらの混合物を用いることができる。結晶
構造を持つ(C2F)oは格子構造をなす層が層間距
離約9.0Åで積み重なつた積層構造であり、約6
Åの層間距離を有する(CF)oの結晶構造とは異
なつている。又、各層中の各炭素が(CF)oの場
合各1個のフツ素原子に結合しているのに対し、
(C2F)oの場合各層中の炭素は1つおきに1個の
フツ素と結合している。しかし(CF)oと(C2F)o
のどちらにもその化合物の炭素六角網目層の末端
には周辺基としてCF2基及びCF3基が存在する。
従つて黒鉛が完全にフツ素化された場合、(CF)o
及び(C2F)oのF/C比は各々0.5以上及び1.0以上と
なる。周辺のCF2及びCF3基に帰因する過剰フツ
素量は、GF結晶のa、b軸方向の結晶のサイズ
が小さくなる程多くなる〔ジヤーナル・オブ・ア
メリカン・ケミカル・ソサイエテイー、101巻、
3832頁1979年(J.Amer.Chem.Soc、101、3832
(1979))参照〕。以上から分かるように、反応条
件及び炭素材料の結晶性又は種類に応じて(CF)
o、(C2F)o又はその混合物が得られる。又、これ
らのGF中に未反応炭素材料を残すこともできる。
上述から明らかな通り炭素材料のフツ素化によ
つて生成するGFの組成は反応温度及び炭素材料
の種類又は結晶性に依存してくる。(CF)oは石油
コークスのような非晶質炭素材料とフツ素を約
200℃〜約450℃で反応させて得られ、(CF)o又は
(CF)o及び(C2F)oからなる(CF)orichの組成物
は天然及び人造黒鉛のような結晶性炭素材料を約
500℃〜約630℃で反応させて得られる。フツ素化
反応を630℃以下で行なうのは、(CF)oの分解が
630℃を越えると促進されるということに、又そ
のような高温においてもフツ素による腐食に耐え
得るような反応容器の材料がないためである。
(CF)o化合物は様々な結晶度のものが得られるが
高い結晶度のものは白色固体である。一方、
(C2F)o、又は(C2F)o及び(CF)oからなる
(C2F)orichの混合物は天然及び人造黒鉛などのよ
うな結晶性炭素材料とフツ素を約300℃〜約500℃
で反応させて得られる。(C2F)oの色はその生成
された状態の下では、黒色であるが、最高600℃
までの熱処理により黒色から灰色そして白色へと
変化し、結晶度も増加する。天然黒鉛を出発物質
とした場合、フツ素化反応を約500℃を越える温
度で行なうと生成GFは(CF)orichとなり、一方、
最高約500℃までの温度でフツ素化を行なうと生
成GFは(C2F)orichとなる。すなわち反応温度が
高い程生成物の(CF)o含量が増え、反応温度が
低い程生成物の(C2F)o含量が増加する。同様の
ことが人造黒鉛を出発物質として用いた場合にも
言える。しかし人造黒鉛を用いた場合には(CF)
orich又は(C2F)orichになる境界温度は約500℃
ではなく約470℃である。反応時間は臨界的では
ない。もし炭素材料を完全にフツ素化しようとす
る場合には、生成GFの重量増加が認められなく
なるまでフツ素化反応を続ければよい。
固体粉末であるGFは上記したように(CF)o又
は(C2F)oで表わされるものが知られているが、
報文によつては(CEx)oと書かれている。また
GFは前述したような広範な分野で有用なもので
あるがGFの特徴である低表面エネルギー性がか
えつて分野によつては撥水撥油性が強過ぎるので
欠点となる場合がある。例えばプラスチツク成型
品などにGFを添加してその成型品の潤滑性を向
上させ摩耗を防ぐような用途にGFを用いる場合、
GFと樹脂との相溶性が悪いため出来た成型品の
強度が弱くなり又成型加工性が乏しいという欠点
がある。更に又一般の潤滑油にGFを混ぜて使う
場合にも、GFと潤滑油とのなじみが悪く分散性
が乏しいためGFが沈殿しやすいなどの欠点もあ
る。
本発明者らは、GFを改質し、撥水撥油性を低
下させて樹脂等との相溶性を向上させる目的で、
GFとアミンを反応させ、GFの一部、例えば表面
を分解させることを試みたところ、驚くべきこと
に予想された撥水、撥油性を低下させる効果以外
に、このように簡便な方法で処理されたGFは処
理前のGFと比べて潤滑特性が著しく向上するこ
とを見い出し本発明を完成するに至つた。
従つて、本発明の一つの目的は、潤滑特性の優
れた改質フツ化黒鉛を提供することである。
本発明の他の目的は、樹脂等との相溶性の向上
した改質フツ化黒鉛を提供することである。
前記及び、他の諸目的、諸特徴及び諸利益は、
次の詳細な記述より明らかになろう。
本発明によれば、フツ化黒鉛とアミンを反応さ
せ、該フツ化黒鉛の一部を分解させて得られる改
質フツ化黒鉛が提供される。
本発明の改質フツ化黒鉛は、GFをアミン溶液
に撹拌等の手段で分散させ、該フツ化黒鉛の一部
を溶解させて得られる。
本発明で言うフツ化黒鉛(GF)とは、前述し
た(CF)o及び(C2F)o等一般にフツ化黒鉛と呼ば
れているすべてのものに適用され、(CF)o又は
(C2F)o単独でもそれらの混合物でも、更に、未
反応炭素材料が残つているものでもよい。
本発明に用いられるGFの粒径に制限はないが
一般的には0.01μ〜100μのものが用いられる。
本発明の改質フツ化黒鉛は、アミンと反応させ
ることによりフツ化黒鉛を分解率(後述)0.01〜
50%の範囲で分解して得られるものが好ましい。
分解率が0.01%未満では本発明の効果は小さく又
50%を越えるとフツ化黒鉛を分解させるのに時間
がかかり効率的でない上、潤滑特性の性能が低下
するので好ましくない。本発明の改質フツ化黒鉛
の分解率の更に好ましい範囲は0.1〜10%である。
なお、反応温度は使用する反応分散媒が液体を維
持する温度範囲であればよく通常は5℃から100
℃、好ましくは室温から80℃である。
本発明に用いられる反応分散媒としてのアミン
は、アンモニアNH3の水素原子を炭化水素基で
置換した化合物およびアンモニアを炭化水素基以
外の基(ハロゲン、アシル、金属スルフアン酸な
ど)で置換した化合物を言う。以上のものを例示
すると、ブチルアミン、ヘキシルアミンなどの鎖
式第一アミン、ジプロピルアミン、ジブチルアミ
ンなどの鎖式第二アミン、トリエチルアミン、ト
リプロピルアミンなどの鎖式第三アミン、アニリ
ン、ジメチルアニリンなどの芳香族アミン、シク
ロベンチルアミン、ジクロヘキシルアミンなどの
脂環式アミン、ピリジンなどの環式アミン、エチ
レンジアミンなどのポリアミン、その他クロルア
ミン、アセトアミド、ナトリウムアミド、ヒドラ
ジンなどがある。
この内、液状のものはそのままでもまた、水、
アルコールなどの溶媒に溶かして用いることがで
きるが、気体、固体状のものは、普通水、アルコ
ールなどに溶かして用いる。
また、GFを分散させることのできない溶液に
ついては各種の界面活性剤を添加することによつ
て湿潤性(濡れ)を付与して使用することができ
る。なお、アミンとGFの添加割合は特に限定は
なくGFが充分分散できる範囲であればよく、反
応温度は使用する反応分散媒が液体を維持する温
度範囲であれば特に限定されないが通常は室温か
ら100℃以下である。
このようにしてGFをアミンに浸漬させると、
まずGFの表面部分で脱フツ素化が起こるが、更
に浸漬し撹拌を続けるとGFの内部へ向つて逐次
反応が進行するため通常は時間により反応をコン
トロールすればよい。
本発明の方法により改質されたフツ化黒鉛を潤
滑剤として用いる場合、公知の固体潤滑剤である
例えば黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン(MoS2)その他
のものと同様に、単独で又は樹脂、オイル、グリ
ースなどと混ぜて用いることができる。本発明の
改質フツ化黒鉛を潤滑剤として用いた場合、オイ
ルなどへの分散性が良く又樹脂との相溶性が良い
ので成型品に混ぜた場合その成型性が良いばかり
でなく、アミンと反応して分解する前のGFと比
べて低い比摩耗率を持つ極めて有利な固体潤滑剤
が提供される。
このように本発明の改質フツ化黒鉛は、簡単な
処理によつてすでに公知のGFよりも優れた潤滑
特性を発揮するため潤滑性が要求されるあらゆる
用途に種々の形態で使用できるため新しい用途の
展開も可能となりその工業的意義は大きい。
以下、実施例により本発明を更に詳細に説明す
るが、本発明の範囲は実施例に限定されるもので
はない。
実施例中での原料GF及び改質GF中のフツ素含
有量は次の方法により求めた。
白金ルツボにGF100mgを精秤し、融剤(炭酸カ
リウム、炭酸ナトリウム各2.5g)と均一に混合
した。このGFと融剤との均一混合物を700〜750
℃で溶融したのち、得られた溶融物を所定量の水
に溶解し、水溶液とした。この水溶液の一定量を
分取し、PH3.4に調整したのち、アリザリンレツ
ドSを指示薬として用いる硝酸トリウム標準液で
滴定してフツ素含有量を求めた。この際、滴定に
は自動光度滴定装置を用いた。
アミンとの反応によるGFの分解率はアミン処
理前のGFのフツ素含有量をx1、アミン処理後の
GFのフツ素含有量をx2とし、次式で求めた。
GF分解率(%)=x1−x2/x1×100
また、改質GFの潤滑特性を調べるため摩擦係
数を下述の方法で測定した。
機械構造用炭素鋼(S45C)に改質GFの粉末を
すり込み、東洋ボールドウイン(株)製EFM−EN
摩擦摩耗試験機を用いて荷重5.0Kgで摩擦係数を
測定した。
更に、改質GFの潤滑特性を調べるため、下述
の方法で、フエノール樹脂と混合し成型して得た
成型体の潤滑特性を調べた。
ナシヨナルライトCN−3611(松下電工製のフ
エノール樹脂)85重量部と改質GF15重量部をリ
ボンミキサーで粉体混合し、2℃/分の昇温速度
で1時間加熱混合した。この混合物を130℃に加
熱した熱ロールに2回通したのち冷却し、さらに
粉砕機で1mm以下に粉砕した。その後、110℃に
加熱した金型に投入し200Kg/cm2で加圧して190℃
まで加熱後冷却した。冷却した成型物を加工し、
摩耗試験用成型体を得た。
東洋ボールドウイン(株)製EFM−EN摩擦摩耗
試験機を用いて、荷重3.1Kg、走行距離500mの条
件で、上記で得た成型体の硬炭素クロム鋼
(SUJ2)に対する比摩耗率W(mm3/Km・Kg)を測定
した。なお、比摩耗率Wは次式で表わされる。
W(mm3/Km・Kg)=V/l×P
但し、Vは測定された摩耗量(mm3)、lは走行
距離(Km)、Pは荷重(Kg)である。
実施例 1
反応分散媒としてエチレンジアミン500ml、原
料として(CF)oを主成分とするGF(フツ素含有
量62.69wt%、F/C比1.06、平均粒子径14μ)50g
を入れ、室温において撹拌しながら1時間反応さ
せた。反応後、GFを濾過分離したのち乾燥し改
質GFを得た。改質GFのフツ素含有量を測定した
ところ61.02wt%であり、GFの分解率は2.7%、
F/C比は0.99であつた。
実施例 2
反応時間を7時間とした以外は実施例1と同様
な方法で改質GFを得た。得られた改質GFのフツ
素含有量を測定したところ57.36wt%であり、GF
の分解率は8.5%、F/C比は0.85であつた。
得られた改質GFの潤滑特性を上述の方法によ
り測定した。改質GFの摩擦係数測定値を表1に、
改質GF含有成型体の比摩耗率測定値を表2に示
す。比較のために、原料GFをそのまま用いて上
記と同様の方法で摩擦係数、比摩耗率を測定し
た。表1、2から明らかなように改質GFは未処
理のGFに比して優れた潤滑特性を示した。
実施例 3
反応分散媒としてジノルマルブチルアミンとし
た以外は実施例1と同様の方法で改質GFを得た。
得られた改質GFのフツ素含有量を測定したとこ
ろ61.80wt%であり、GF分解率1.4%、F/C比1.02
であつた。
上述で得られた改質GFにつき、その潤滑特性
測定値を表1、2に示す。表1、2から明らかな
ように改質GFは未処理のGFに比して優れた潤滑
特性を示した。
実施例 4
原料として(C2F)oを主成分とするGF(フツ素
含有量51.17wt%、F/C比0.66、平均粒子径9μ)
を用いた。又、反応分散媒としてヒドラジン水和
物5wt%を含むエタノール水溶液(エタノール+
水=50vol%+50vol%)を用いた。
上記反応分散媒500mlに原料50gを分散させ室
温において撹拌しながら5時間反応させた。反応
後、GFを濾過分離したのち乾燥し、改質GFを得
た。得られた改質GFのフツ素含有量を測定した
ところ48.92wt%であり、GFの分解率は4.4%、
F/C比0.60であつた。
改質GFの摩擦係数測定値を表1に、改質GF含
有成型体の比摩耗率測定値を表2に示す。比較の
ために、原料GFをそのまま用いて上記と同様の
方法で摩擦係数、比摩耗率を測定した。表1、2
から明らかなように改質GFは未処理のGFに比し
て優れた潤滑特性を示した。
実施例 5
反応分散媒としてn−プロピルアミンとした以
外は実施例4と同様の方法で改質GFを得た、得
られた改質GFのフツ素含有量を測定したところ
50.40wt%であり、GF分解率1.5%、F/C比0.64で
あつた。
上述で得られた改質GFにつき、その潤滑特性
測定値を表1、2に示す。表1、2から明らかな
ように改質GFは未処理のGFに比して優れた潤滑
特性を示した。
参考例
実施例4で用いた原料(C2F)o100部に対し黒
鉛5部を混合し摩擦係数、比摩耗率を測定したと
ころ、各々0.08、1.55mm3/Km/Kgで原料(C2F)oと
大差はなかつた。
The present invention relates to modified graphite fluoride suitable as a solid lubricant. More specifically, the present invention provides a modified foam with improved lubricating properties obtained by reacting graphite fluoride (hereinafter referred to as "GF") with an amine to decompose a portion of the graphite fluoride. This invention relates to modified graphite (hereinafter referred to as "modified GF") lubricant. GF is a solid powder with unique lubricity, water and oil repellency, and excellent chemical resistance.
It is used as a solid lubricant, wet-proofing agent, antifouling agent, water and oil repellent, etc. On the other hand, it is well known that it is also useful as a battery active material and provides a primary battery with high energy density and good storage stability. As described above, GF is highly evaluated industrially in a wide range of fields, and is a compound that can be expected to be applied and developed in many more fields in the future. One of the GFs is polymonocarbon monofluoride represented by (CF) o , which is well known to be useful as a battery active material as mentioned above (Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-25565). (see book).
(CF) o is produced by reacting an amorphous carbon material such as petroleum coke with fluorine at about 200°C to about 450°C, or reacting a crystalline carbon material such as natural or artificial graphite with fluorine. It is obtained by reacting at about 500°C to about 630°C. Yet another GF is polydicarbon monofluoride, represented by (C 2 F) o , discovered by Watanabe et al. (C 2 F) o can be obtained in relatively high yield and at low cost. This (C 2 F)
As detailed in Re30667, graphite material is heated to 300 mmHg under a fluorine pressure of 100 to 760 mmHg.
Obtained by heating at ~500°C.
The graphite material used in the production of (C 2 F) o is
Natural graphite, artificial graphite, hardwood graphite, pyrolytic graphite or mixtures thereof can be used. (C 2 F) o , which has a crystal structure, has a laminated structure in which layers forming a lattice structure are stacked with an interlayer distance of approximately 9.0 Å, and the crystal structure is approximately 6
It is different from the crystal structure of (CF) o with an interlayer distance of Å. Also, while each carbon in each layer is bonded to one fluorine atom in the case of (CF) o ,
In the case of (C 2 F) o , every other carbon in each layer is bonded to one fluorine. But (CF) o and (C 2 F) o
Both of these compounds have CF 2 and CF 3 groups as peripheral groups at the ends of the carbon hexagonal network layer of the compound.
Therefore, if graphite is completely fluorinated, (CF) o
The F/C ratios of and (C 2 F) o are 0.5 or more and 1.0 or more, respectively. The amount of excess fluorine attributable to surrounding CF 2 and CF 3 groups increases as the crystal size in the a and b axis directions of the GF crystal becomes smaller [Journal of American Chemical Society, Vol. 101,
3832 pages 1979 (J.Amer.Chem.Soc, 101, 3832
(1979))]. As can be seen from the above, depending on the reaction conditions and the crystallinity or type of carbon material (CF)
o , (C 2 F) o or mixtures thereof are obtained. Moreover, unreacted carbon material can also be left in these GFs. As is clear from the above, the composition of GF produced by fluorination of a carbon material depends on the reaction temperature and the type or crystallinity of the carbon material. (CF) o is about amorphous carbon material such as petroleum coke and fluorine.
(CF) o rich compositions obtained by reacting at 200°C to about 450°C and consisting of (CF) o or (CF) o and (C 2 F) o are crystalline carbons such as natural and artificial graphite. The material is approx.
It is obtained by reacting at 500°C to about 630°C. Performing the fluorination reaction at temperatures below 630°C prevents the decomposition of (CF) o .
This is because corrosion is accelerated at temperatures exceeding 630°C, and there is no material for the reaction vessel that can withstand corrosion by fluorine even at such high temperatures.
(CF) o Compounds can be obtained with various degrees of crystallinity, but those with high crystallinity are white solids. on the other hand,
( C2F ) o , or a ( C2F ) o rich mixture consisting of ( C2F ) o and (CF) o , is a mixture of crystalline carbon materials such as natural and artificial graphite and fluorine at about 300℃. ~about 500℃
It can be obtained by reacting with The color of ( C2F ) o is black under its generated conditions, but up to 600℃
The color changes from black to gray to white through heat treatment, and the degree of crystallinity also increases. When natural graphite is used as a starting material, if the fluorination reaction is carried out at a temperature exceeding about 500°C, the produced GF will be (CF) o rich;
When fluorination is carried out at temperatures up to about 500°C, the resulting GF is (C 2 F) o rich. That is, the higher the reaction temperature, the more the (CF) o content of the product increases, and the lower the reaction temperature, the more the (C 2 F) o content of the product. The same can be said when artificial graphite is used as a starting material. However, when using artificial graphite (CF)
o rich or (C 2 F) o The boundary temperature for becoming rich is approximately 500℃
It is about 470℃ instead. Reaction time is not critical. If the carbon material is to be completely fluorinated, the fluorination reaction may be continued until no increase in the weight of the produced GF is observed. As mentioned above, solid powder GF is known to be represented by (CF) o or (C 2 F) o .
Some reports say (CE x ) o . Also
Although GF is useful in a wide range of fields as mentioned above, the low surface energy characteristic of GF may be a disadvantage in some fields as it may have too strong water and oil repellency. For example, when using GF in applications such as adding GF to plastic molded products to improve the lubricity of the molded products and prevent wear,
Since the compatibility between GF and the resin is poor, the strength of the molded product becomes weak and the moldability is poor. Furthermore, when GF is mixed with a general lubricating oil, there are also drawbacks such as the GF tends to precipitate due to poor compatibility between the GF and the lubricating oil and poor dispersibility. The present inventors modified GF to reduce water and oil repellency and improve compatibility with resins, etc.
When we attempted to react a part of GF, such as the surface, by reacting GF with amine, we were surprised to find that in addition to the expected effect of reducing water and oil repellency, this simple method of treatment had no effect. It was discovered that the treated GF has significantly improved lubricating properties compared to the untreated GF, leading to the completion of the present invention. Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide modified fluorinated graphite with excellent lubricating properties. Another object of the present invention is to provide modified fluorinated graphite with improved compatibility with resins and the like. The above and other purposes, features and benefits are:
This will become clear from the detailed description below. According to the present invention, there is provided modified graphite fluoride obtained by reacting graphite fluoride with an amine and partially decomposing the graphite fluoride. The modified graphite fluoride of the present invention is obtained by dispersing GF in an amine solution by stirring or other means, and dissolving a portion of the graphite fluoride. Graphite fluoride (GF) as used in the present invention applies to all the graphite fluorides that are generally called graphite fluoride, such as (CF ) o and (C 2 F) o mentioned above. 2 F) o It may be used alone or in a mixture thereof, or it may be one in which unreacted carbon material remains. There is no limit to the particle size of the GF used in the present invention, but 0.01μ to 100μ is generally used. The modified graphite fluoride of the present invention has a decomposition rate (described later) of 0.01 to 0.01 to
Preferably, those obtained by decomposition within a range of 50%.
If the decomposition rate is less than 0.01%, the effect of the present invention is small or
If it exceeds 50%, it is not preferable because it takes time to decompose the graphite fluoride, which is not efficient, and the lubricating properties deteriorate. A more preferable range of the decomposition rate of the modified fluorinated graphite of the present invention is 0.1 to 10%.
The reaction temperature should be within a temperature range where the reaction dispersion medium used remains liquid, and is usually between 5°C and 100°C.
°C, preferably room temperature to 80 °C. The amine used as the reaction dispersion medium used in the present invention is a compound in which the hydrogen atom of ammonia NH3 is replaced with a hydrocarbon group, and a compound in which ammonia is replaced with a group other than a hydrocarbon group (halogen, acyl, metal sulfanic acid, etc.) say. Examples of the above include chain-type primary amines such as butylamine and hexylamine, chain-type secondary amines such as dipropylamine and dibutylamine, chain-type tertiary amines such as triethylamine and tripropylamine, aniline, and dimethylaniline. These include aromatic amines such as cyclobentylamine, alicyclic amines such as dichlorohexylamine, cyclic amines such as pyridine, polyamines such as ethylenediamine, and other chloramines, acetamide, sodium amide, and hydrazine. Of these, liquids can be used as they are, water,
It can be used by dissolving it in a solvent such as alcohol, but gaseous or solid forms are usually used by dissolving it in water, alcohol, etc. In addition, for solutions in which GF cannot be dispersed, various surfactants can be added to impart wettability (wetting) for use. The ratio of amine and GF to be added is not particularly limited, as long as GF can be sufficiently dispersed, and the reaction temperature is not particularly limited as long as the reaction dispersion medium used remains liquid, but it is usually from room temperature to The temperature is below 100℃. When GF is soaked in amine in this way,
First, defluoridation occurs on the surface of the GF, but if the GF is further immersed and stirred, the reaction proceeds sequentially toward the inside of the GF, so the reaction can usually be controlled by time. When the graphite fluoride modified by the method of the present invention is used as a lubricant, it can be used alone or in resins, oils, etc., as well as known solid lubricants such as graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), and others. It can be used by mixing with grease etc. When the modified graphite fluoride of the present invention is used as a lubricant, it has good dispersibility in oil etc. and good compatibility with resin, so when mixed into molded products, it not only has good moldability, but also has good compatibility with amines. A highly advantageous solid lubricant is provided which has a lower specific wear rate compared to GF before it reacts and decomposes. In this way, the modified graphite fluoride of the present invention exhibits better lubricating properties than the already known GF through simple processing, and can be used in various forms for all applications that require lubricity, making it a new material. It is also possible to expand the application, and its industrial significance is great. EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the Examples. The fluorine content in the raw GF and modified GF in the examples was determined by the following method. 100 mg of GF was accurately weighed in a platinum crucible and mixed uniformly with a flux (2.5 g each of potassium carbonate and sodium carbonate). This homogeneous mixture of GF and flux is
After melting at °C, the resulting melt was dissolved in a predetermined amount of water to form an aqueous solution. A certain amount of this aqueous solution was taken, the pH was adjusted to 3.4, and the fluorine content was determined by titration with a standard thorium nitrate solution using Alizarin Red S as an indicator. At this time, an automatic photometric titration device was used for the titration. The decomposition rate of GF due to reaction with amine is calculated by multiplying the fluorine content of GF before amine treatment by x 1 and after amine treatment.
The fluorine content of GF was set as x 2 and was calculated using the following formula. GF decomposition rate (%) = x 1 −x 2 /x 1 ×100 In order to investigate the lubricating properties of the modified GF, the friction coefficient was measured by the method described below. EFM-EN manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd. by rubbing modified GF powder into mechanical structural carbon steel (S45C)
The friction coefficient was measured using a friction and wear tester at a load of 5.0 kg. Furthermore, in order to investigate the lubrication properties of the modified GF, the lubrication properties of a molded product obtained by mixing it with a phenolic resin and molding it were investigated using the method described below. 85 parts by weight of Nationallite CN-3611 (a phenolic resin manufactured by Matsushita Electric Works) and 15 parts by weight of modified GF were powder-mixed using a ribbon mixer, and heated and mixed for 1 hour at a heating rate of 2° C./min. This mixture was passed twice through a hot roll heated to 130°C, cooled, and further ground into pieces of 1 mm or less using a grinder. After that, it was put into a mold heated to 110℃ and pressurized at 200Kg/cm 2 to raise the temperature to 190℃.
It was heated to 100% and then cooled. Process the cooled molded product,
A molded body for wear testing was obtained. Using an EFM-EN friction and wear tester manufactured by Toyo Baldwin Co., Ltd., the specific wear rate W (mm 3 /Km・Kg) was measured. Note that the specific wear rate W is expressed by the following formula. W (mm 3 /Km·Kg)=V/l×P where V is the measured wear amount (mm 3 ), l is the traveling distance (Km), and P is the load (Kg). Example 1 500 ml of ethylenediamine as a reaction dispersion medium, 50 g of GF mainly composed of (CF) o (fluorine content 62.69 wt%, F/C ratio 1.06, average particle size 14 μ) as a raw material
was added and reacted for 1 hour at room temperature with stirring. After the reaction, GF was separated by filtration and dried to obtain modified GF. The fluorine content of the modified GF was measured and was 61.02wt%, and the decomposition rate of GF was 2.7%.
The F/C ratio was 0.99. Example 2 Modified GF was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the reaction time was 7 hours. The fluorine content of the obtained modified GF was measured and found to be 57.36wt%.
The decomposition rate was 8.5% and the F/C ratio was 0.85. The lubricating properties of the obtained modified GF were measured by the method described above. The measured values of the friction coefficient of modified GF are shown in Table 1.
Table 2 shows the measured specific wear rate of the molded article containing modified GF. For comparison, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate were measured using the raw material GF in the same manner as above. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, the modified GF exhibited superior lubricating properties compared to the untreated GF. Example 3 Modified GF was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that di-n-butylamine was used as the reaction dispersion medium.
The fluorine content of the obtained modified GF was measured and found to be 61.80wt%, with a GF decomposition rate of 1.4% and an F/C ratio of 1.02.
It was hot. The measured values of the lubricating properties of the modified GF obtained above are shown in Tables 1 and 2. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, the modified GF exhibited superior lubricating properties compared to the untreated GF. Example 4 GF containing (C 2 F) o as the main component (Fluorine content 51.17wt%, F/C ratio 0.66, average particle size 9μ)
was used. In addition, an ethanol aqueous solution (ethanol +
Water = 50vol% + 50vol%) was used. 50 g of the raw material was dispersed in 500 ml of the above reaction dispersion medium and reacted for 5 hours with stirring at room temperature. After the reaction, GF was separated by filtration and then dried to obtain modified GF. The fluorine content of the obtained modified GF was measured and was 48.92wt%, and the decomposition rate of GF was 4.4%.
The F/C ratio was 0.60. Table 1 shows the measured values of the friction coefficient of the modified GF, and Table 2 shows the measured values of the specific wear rate of the molded body containing the modified GF. For comparison, the friction coefficient and specific wear rate were measured using the raw material GF in the same manner as above. Tables 1 and 2
As is clear from the results, the modified GF exhibited superior lubricating properties compared to the untreated GF. Example 5 Modified GF was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that n-propylamine was used as the reaction dispersion medium. The fluorine content of the obtained modified GF was measured.
The GF decomposition rate was 1.5%, and the F/C ratio was 0.64. The measured values of the lubricating properties of the modified GF obtained above are shown in Tables 1 and 2. As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, the modified GF exhibited superior lubricating properties compared to the untreated GF. Reference Example When 5 parts of graphite was mixed with 100 parts of the raw material (C 2 F) used in Example 4 and the friction coefficient and specific wear rate were measured, it was found that the raw material (C 2 F) There was no significant difference from o .
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