JPS6357328B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a charging chute in a pneumatic transport device.

[Conventional technology]

Garbage generated from buildings, residential complexes, etc. is now being collected using pneumatic transportation equipment. That is, as shown in Fig. 1, garbage 1 is placed in input chute 2.
The air is crushed by a crusher 5 installed at the top of the air transport pipe 3, and temporarily stored on the discharge valve 4. Then, based on a certain operation cycle, the discharge valve 4 is opened and closed, and the waste is pneumatically transported via the air transport pipe 3 to a collection center, where it is collected by a separator 6 and stored in a storage tank 7. It's becoming like that. Air is also sucked in and released by the blower 8.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in recent years, due to the diversification of garbage, garbage such as iron lumps, concrete lumps, futons, etc. are often being thrown into the input chute 2, and such heavy items and bulky items are not transported by air. This has caused problems such as stagnation and blockage in air transport pipes. Furthermore, the amount of waste generated has also increased, and conventional pneumatic transport devices have had to be upsized to accommodate this increase. However, when the equipment is enlarged, problems such as increased equipment cost and power consumption have arisen.

In order to deal with these problems, a crusher is installed in the input chute (see, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 52-21581), and the garbage is crushed and then supplied to the pneumatic transport pipe.
A technique has been proposed in which garbage that cannot be transported by air is detected by overloading the crusher and removed from the crusher (see, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7561/1983). However, in this conventional example, garbage that cannot be transported by air is manually removed from the upper part of the shredder, which requires labor and poses a risk of getting your hands caught in the shredding machine.

Furthermore, for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-39235 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 55-24002 disclose a technique for controlling an input valve using an overload signal and a technique for opening and closing a rotary plate for taking out when the material to be processed is clogged. ing. However, even with this known technology it is not possible to automatically remove stuck waste in the event of overload.

Furthermore, the technology for automatically controlling the screw, which is a waste conveyance device, is well known, for example,
It is disclosed in Publication No. 111671. however,
In the case of a screw, unlike a crusher, the biting load does not apply much, so by reversing it, waste can be transported in the opposite direction, but when using a biaxial shear crusher, It is necessary to take out the waste that has been moved in the opposite direction, and doing this manually is laborious and unsafe.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a loading chute for a pneumatic conveyance device that can automatically identify and safely take out items unsuitable for pneumatic conveyance when using a biaxial shear crusher. It is on offer.

[Means to solve the problem]

The input chute of the pneumatic transportation device of the present invention includes an input chute connected to the air transportation pipe via a discharge valve, and a space provided inside the input chute to allow waste to pass through the inner wall of the input chute. A biaxial shearing crusher comprising a pair of bladed rotors that rotate in opposite directions, a crusher driving means that rotates the bladed rotors in forward and reverse directions, and a movable scraper that scrapes off waste adhering to each rotor. , a scraper rotating means for rotating the movable scraper, and a scraper rotating means that is attached to form one side wall of the input chute located below the crusher and rotates toward the inside of the input chute using the lower edge as a fulcrum. a movable take-out chute; a movable take-out chute movable means for moving the movable take-out chute; a detection means for detecting overload on the crusher; A control device is provided which controls the rotation means and the movable take-out chute rotation means to control the forward and reverse rotation of the rotor with blades, the position of the movable scraper, and the position of the movable take-out chute.

In carrying out the present invention, it is preferable to provide an input suppression valve above the crusher, and preferably to provide a drive cylinder for opening and closing the input suppression valve.

When an overload is detected by the detection means, the control device rotates the rotor with blades of the crusher in the forward and reverse directions by a predetermined number of rotations, and then rotates it in the forward direction again. If an overload is detected, the input suppression valve is closed, the movable take-out chute is rotated into the input chute, the movable scraper is rotated to a position away from the rotor, and the rotor of the crusher is rotated. The shredder is driven so that the unshredded waste is automatically taken out of the input chute by being guided by a movable chute through a gap between the inner wall of the input chute and the crusher. The apparatus is configured to control the scraper rotating means, the drive cylinder, and the extraction movable chute rotating means.

In carrying out the present invention, the detection means for detecting overload of the crusher may be one that measures current, electric power, etc. in the crusher drive means (motor, etc.), or detects overcurrent, for example. Available.

Further, as the control device, a known means such as a so-called microcomputer may be used.

[Effect]

According to the input chute of the pneumatic conveying device of the present invention, during normal operation, waste material or garbage input into the input chute falls onto the crusher, is crushed by rotation of the rotor, and falls onto the discharge valve. Then, the discharge valve opens and the air is introduced into the air transport pipe, where it is air transported. On the other hand, the detection means
When an overload on the crusher is detected, the rotor of the crusher repeats forward rotation and reverse rotation by a predetermined number of rotations.
As a result, even garbage that is difficult to crush is gradually crushed. Then, the rotor of the crusher is rotated in the normal direction again. At this time, if no overload is detected, the garbage is considered to have been crushed, and the operation continues. If overload is still detected, the garbage in the crusher may be garbage that is not suitable for pneumatic transportation, such as iron lumps, concrete lumps, or futons (if they cannot be crushed even after repeated forward and reverse rotations). The control device makes a judgment, rotates the movable take-out chute to a position inside the input chute, and reverses the rotor of the crusher. As a result, the dirt falls down through the space between the side of the rotor and the inner wall of the input chute, and the fallen dirt is guided by the movable take-out chute and discharged to the outside.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to separate waste suitable for pneumatic transport from waste unsuitable for pneumatic transport by overloading the crusher, and take out only the waste suitable for pneumatic transport, thereby reducing the loading chute of this type of pneumatic transport equipment. It is possible to safely and reliably remove garbage that is not suitable for pneumatic transportation, such as concrete.

Further, since the present invention is provided with a movable scraper to remove dust attached to the rotor, unnecessary biting can be prevented by appropriately removing the dust attached to the rotor with the movable scraper.
This movable scraper is not compatible with pneumatic transport because the movable scraper can be separated from the rotor to form a space for the debris to pass through so that the debris can easily fall through the lateral gaps of the rotor when the rotor is reversed as described above. There is no way to prevent garbage from falling. In addition, it usually functions to guide dirt to the position where the rotor catches it.

In addition, if a charging suppression valve is installed above the crusher,
The garbage thrown into the input chute is temporarily stored on the input suppression valve, and when the rotor rotates, the input suppression valve opens and the garbage falls onto the crusher. If an overload is detected and the overload is still detected even after repeating forward and reverse rotations, the input suppressing valve is closed and the take-out movable chute is rotated.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 6.

As shown in FIG. 2, an air transport pipe 12 is connected below the input chute 11. A discharge valve 14 that is opened and closed by a drive cylinder 13 is attached to a connecting portion between the input chute 11 and the air transport pipe 12. A separator 15 is provided at the end of the air transport pipe 12, and a transport air suction blower 16 is attached to the upper part of the separator 15.
At the bottom of the separator 15 is a storage tank 1 for the separated waste.
7 is installed. Therefore, by opening the discharge valve 14 from the lower part of the input chute 11, the garbage falls into the air transport pipe 12, and is discharged by the suction blower 1.
After being transported by the circulating air by the air filter 6 and separated by the separator 15, it is stored in a storage tank 17. In this case, the drive cylinder 13 and the suction blower 16 that open and close the discharge valve 14 operate in synchronization with each other. Here, the suction blower 16 may be replaced by a feed blower provided at the other end of the air transport pipe 12.

In the present invention, the input chute 11
A diverging reservoir 18 is formed in the middle of the valve 1, and a closing control valve 20 that is opened and closed by a drive cylinder 19 is attached to the reservoir 18. Further, a first level meter 21 is attached to the peripheral wall of the storage section 18. Referring also to FIG. 3, a two-shaft shearing crusher 23 is installed below the input suppressing valve 20 and is comprised of a pair of rotors 22, 22 having crushing blades on the outer periphery. The rotors 22, 22 are rotated in opposite directions by a drive device (crusher driving means) 24 such as a motor in response to a signal from a control device C, and are rotated in a forward rotation direction (indicated by a solid line arrow in the figure) and a reverse rotation direction. (indicated by the broken line arrow in the figure).

Although not shown, the drive device 24 is provided with a detection means for detecting overload of the crusher 23 by measuring the current flowing therethrough and detecting an overcurrent, and the overload detection signal of the detection means is provided. (Output signal) is input to the control device C via a line not shown. Note that the control device C is constituted by a normal microcomputer, and a predetermined program is incorporated therein. Movable scrapers 25, 25 are attached diagonally above each rotor 22, 22 to scrape off dust attached to the rotors 22, 22. The movable scrapers 25, 25 are operated by a scraper rotating means, that is, a cylinder 34 (Figs. 5 and 6).
(Fig. 3), it can be rotated as shown by the arrow in Fig. 3. A second level gauge 26 is attached to the upper circumferential wall of the biaxial shear crusher 23 to detect the amount of objects that cause overload on the rotors 22, 22. Furthermore, a television camera 27 is installed that shows the processing status of waste in the space above the biaxial shear crusher 23. A predetermined space is provided between the two-shaft shear crusher 23 and the discharge valve 14, and one side wall of the input chute 11 located in that area has a lower edge connected to a motor (extraction movable chute rotation means). ) 28 is attached thereto. This take-out movable chute 29 rotates as shown by the broken line arrow in the figure, and guides the garbage falling from the biaxial shear crusher 23 as shown by the solid line arrow in the figure to take it out of the machine. . In addition, the rotation of the rotors 22, 22, the movable scraper 2
5 and 25, the opening and closing of the input suppression valve 20, and the rotation of the movable takeout chute 29 are controlled by the control device C in response to an overload detection signal from the aforementioned detection means (not shown). .

5 and 6 show preferred embodiments of the crusher implemented in the present invention. The rotational force of the motor 24 is transmitted to a chain sprocket device 31 via a speed reducer 30 to rotate a pair of rotors 22, 22 in opposite directions. A casing 33 of this crusher is provided with a cylinder 34 (scraper rotating means) for moving the scraper 25 to the dotted line position 25a.

Next, with reference also to FIG. 4, the operation of the input chute 11 according to the present invention will be explained. First, when garbage is loaded into the input chute 11, the garbage is temporarily stored in the upper part of the input suppression valve 20, and the garbage is temporarily stored in the upper part of the input suppressing valve 20.
1, when it is detected that a predetermined amount of garbage has been stored, the rotors 22, 22 rotate forward (solid arrow in FIG. 3), the drive cylinder 19 is activated, and the input suppression valve 20 is opened. The trash falls onto the twin-shaft shear crusher 23. The garbage is then crushed by the rotors 22, 22, and falls onto the discharge valve 14. As described above, when the discharge valve 14 is opened by the drive cylinder 13, the debris accumulated on the discharge valve 14 falls into the air transport pipe 12 and is transported by air. Then, as shown in FIG. 4, when the detection means (not shown) detects an overload applied to the rotors 22, 22 (step S1), the rotors 22, 22 are reversed by the control device C in response to the overload detection means. (Step S2), and after a predetermined time has elapsed, it rotates in the normal direction again (Step S3). Then step S
2. Repeat step S3 to perform forward and reverse rotation a predetermined number of times. In this way, by repeating normal and reverse rotation of the rotors 22, 22, even garbage that is difficult to crush is crushed.

Next, the rotors 22, 22 are rotated in the normal direction again (step S4). In step S4, the second level meter 26
If the detection means does not detect the level of garbage, no overcurrent is flowing through the motor 24 that drives the crusher 23, and the detection means does not detect an overload, it is assumed that the garbage has been crushed, and the garbage is returned to normal operation. Start driving. If the second level meter 26 detects the garbage level and the detection means detects an overcurrent in step S4, it is considered that there are many bundles of futons, etc., and if the crusher 23 is operated again. Can be crushed. Therefore, the control device C controls the motor 24 to cause it to rotate in the forward and reverse directions a predetermined number of times again through steps S1 to S3.
This will gradually reduce the amount of objects (dust) that are causing the overload on 2 and 22. That is,
By using the present invention, even if a bundle of futons or the like is not originally suitable for pneumatic transport, it may be possible to subdivide it into pieces to the extent that pneumatic transport is possible by repeating normal and reverse rotation a predetermined number of times.

On the other hand, if the detection means detects an overcurrent of the crusher drive motor 24, that is, an overload of the crusher 23, but the second level meter 26 does not detect the level of garbage, the concrete It is thought that the waste is difficult to crush, such as iron ingots. Therefore,
Even if the rotors 22, 22 are repeatedly rotated forward and reverse,
The amount of garbage that causes overload will not decrease much. Therefore, when an overload of the motor is detected while the second level meter 26 is detecting the level of dirt, the set number of repetitions of steps S2 and S3 is as follows. If an overload of the motor is detected in a state where the motor is not loaded, the number of repetitions of steps S2 and S3 is set to be greater than the set number of repetitions.

Even if the preset steps S2 and S3 are repeated, if an overcurrent still flows through the motor 24 and the detection means detects an overload (step S5), the control device C performs the following steps.
The drive cylinder 19 is actuated to close the input suppression valve 20 (step S6), and at the same time, the movable scraper 25 is rotated as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 (step S7). Then, the motor 28 is operated to rotate the take-out movable chute 29 as shown by the arrow in FIG. 3 (step S8). In this state, the rotors 22, 22 are reversed (step S9), and at the same time, the discharge valve 14 is closed (step S10). As a result, the dust falls downward through the space created by folding the movable scrapers 25, 25 upward, that is, the space between the inner wall of the input chute 11 and the rotors 22, 22. The garbage is then guided by the movable chute 29 and taken out of the system (step S11). The garbage taken out in this way is that which has not been crushed by the repeated forward and reverse rotations of the rotors 22, 22 (step S2, step S3), and is therefore not crushed by iron lumps, concrete lumps, futons, etc. It is not suitable for pneumatic transportation, such as when it cannot be crushed even after repeated forward and reverse rotations.

After taking out inappropriate garbage, the control device C rotates the movable take-out chute 29 and the rotary scrapers 25, 25 back to their original positions, opens the input suppression valve 20, and corrects the rotors 22, 22. and normal processing operations continue again.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the waste put into the input chute is crushed by the crusher and supplied to the pneumatic transport pipe, so the volume of the waste is reduced, and a large amount of waste can be removed without increasing the size of the equipment. It becomes possible to dispose of garbage. In addition, garbage that is not suitable for pneumatic transportation, such as iron lumps, concrete lumps, futons (if not crushed sufficiently by the rotor), is detected by the overload on the crusher, and is automatically guided to a movable takeout chute. Since the vehicle is removed from the vehicle, the driving operation is easy and efficient, and it is safe because there is no risk of injury or injury.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a conventional pneumatic waste transport device, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The figure is an explanatory diagram showing the main parts of the same embodiment, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a flow sheet explaining the operation of the same embodiment, FIG. 5 is a plan view of the crusher of the same embodiment, and FIG. 5
It is an AA sectional view of the figure. 11...Input chute, 12...Air transport pipe, 14
...Discharge valve, 18...Storage part, 20...Insertion suppression valve, 2
2...Rotor, 23...Two-axis shearing crusher, 25...Movable scraper, 26...Second level meter, 29...Movable take-out chute.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A charging chute connected to an air transport pipe via a discharge valve, and a pair of blades provided inside the charging chute at a distance that allows waste to pass through the inner wall of the charging chute and rotating in opposite directions. A biaxial shearing crusher consisting of a bladed rotor, a crusher driving means for rotating the bladed rotor forward and backward, a movable scraper attached near each rotor to scrape off waste adhering to the rotor, and the movable scraper. a scraper rotating means for rotating the crusher; and a movable take-out chute that is attached to form one side wall of the input chute located below the crusher and rotates toward the inside of the input chute using the lower end edge as a fulcrum. , a take-out movable chute rotation means for rotating the take-out movable chute, a detection means for detecting an overload applied to the crusher, and a rotation of the crusher driving means and the scraper in response to an output signal of the detection means. and a control device for controlling the take-out movable chute rotation means to control forward and reverse rotation of the bladed rotor, the position of the movable scraper, and the position of the take-out movable chute. Input shot.