JPS648742B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention has strong tear strength in the warp and weft directions, and the surface of the knitted fabric has the appearance of a woven fabric made of interlaced warp and weft yarns, while the back side has a warp knitting structure. This invention relates to warp knitted fabrics that have excellent shape stability and have low elasticity like woven fabrics. Conventionally, general warp knitted fabrics, whether made of natural fibers or synthetic fibers, have a high degree of elasticity, yet are soft and lack a sense of weight. Its main use was in underwear and underwear, which required a good fit. Therefore, it has not been widely used in the field of formal suits for men's and women's clothing, which require functions such as waist, firmness, low elasticity, weight, strong tear strength, and a textile-like appearance. is the current situation. In addition, general warp knitted fabrics are used for spring/summer clothing because of their good breathability, but their functionality is poor for use as autumn/winter clothing that requires heat retention. In addition, the characteristics required for functional products for autumn and winter in the formal wear field of men's and women's clothing are abrasion resistance, morphological stability, high tear strength in the warp and weft directions, low elasticity, and a textile-like appearance. In addition to elegance and heat retention, it is necessary to simultaneously satisfy comfort. In particular, in order to obtain these functional characteristics, the current technology for knitting warp knitted fabrics and the combination of materials alone have not reached a satisfactory state and are completely insufficient in terms of knitted fabric functionality. The present invention satisfies such demands by changing the length of the sinker loops at appropriate intervals in the course direction of the ground structure forming the warp knitted fabric, and by making full use of warp insertion technology. In addition, due to recent market needs, there has been an increasing demand for textile-like jerseys with high tear strength produced by warp knitting machines that can reduce costs and save energy. be. Generally, warp thread insertion using a normal warp knitting machine involves inserting one warp thread 1 into ground textures 2 and 3 , as shown in Figure 1.
This is done by inserting and organizing. As shown in Fig. 1, one warp 1 is inserted into the ground weaves 2 and 3 , and the warp 1 inserted in the warp direction is simply inserted into the ground weaves 2 and 3 . It was usually used for highly elastic items such as gauze and power nets. An object of the present invention is to obtain a woven-like warp-knitted fabric having high tear strength using a conventional warp-knitting machine. According to the present invention, the warp knitted fabric has the following configuration in order to achieve the above object. That is, the length of the sinker loop formed by the ground reed is changed at appropriate intervals in the course direction, and the length of the sinker loop is changed at appropriate intervals in the course direction. A warp-knitted fabric made by inserting two or more yarns continuously in the warp direction without forming needle loops, that is, in the gap between two wales (hereinafter referred to as the wale gap). The two or more inserted warp threads rise and fall above and below the sinker loop formed by the ground reed in the wale direction, and the warp threads rise and fall with respect to one sinker loop. It has a certain part. The above embodiments of "changing the length of the sinker loop formed by the ground reed at appropriate intervals in the course direction" are as follows:
There are two aspects. In other words, in the first aspect, the plurality of sinker loops are composed of a sinker loop that extends beyond one or more needle loop rows, and a sinker loop that connects adjacent needle loop rows, and a sinker loop that extends beyond one or more needle loop rows. In this mode, sinker loops connecting adjacent needle loop rows are arranged in each predetermined course, and in this case, at least 1/2 of the plurality of sinker loops are
It is necessary to have sinker loops that extend beyond more than one row of needle loops. In general, increasing the number of sinker loops that extend beyond one or more rows of needle loops and increasing the length of the sinker loops will help increase tear strength, but will also increase yarn consumption per unit area and This results in a knitted fabric with a heavy basis weight. Therefore, depending on the required tear strength of the intended knitted fabric, sinker loops connecting adjacent rows of needle loops may be appropriately mixed and used. However, even in this case, as described above, at least 1/2 of the plurality of sinker loops must extend beyond one or more rows of needle loops. In another embodiment, all the sinker loops of the ground structure, that is, the sinker loops of the ground structure, are
It may also be a sinker loop that extends beyond one or more rows of needle loops. In this way, the tear strength can be made even stronger. In this case, the number of needle loop rows that the sinker loops can pass over may be the same for all sinker loops, or may be changed and combined as appropriate. According to the present invention, warp yarns in the warp direction and sinker loops in the weft direction appear on the surface of the warp knitted fabric, giving it an appearance similar to the warp yarns and weft yarns of a woven fabric,
In addition, the back side has a knitted structure of a warp knitted fabric in which the length of sinker loops is varied at appropriate intervals in the course direction, which is formed from ground reeds, so it has high tear strength. The present invention will be described in detail below based on embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. FIG. 2 is a knitting organization diagram of an embodiment of the warp knitted fabric of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, according to the present invention, the ground texture is formed by lengthening the wrapping movement distance every two courses of the needle loops 4 formed by the ground reeds, and two loops are formed in the warp direction. The warp yarns 5 and 6 are successively inserted between adjacent needle loops, that is, into the gap between two wales. As shown in the enlarged view of the knitting yarn in Fig. 3, the needle loops 7 formed by the ground reeds have two courses of sinker loops 8 in one wale gap a in order to increase the distance of the wrapping movement every two courses. It gets longer every time. That is, the sinker loop spanning one wale gap moves to one wale every two courses, resulting in high tearing strength. Then, the inserted two warp threads 5 and 6 are attached to one sinker loop in the wale direction of the needle loop 7 which is made up of ground reeds, that is, to one sinker loop 8 spanning one wale gap. Since the warp (5 or 6) has a floating part and the other warp has a sunken part, it has high tear strength. The warp knitted fabric obtained by this structure has a completely textile-like appearance and has relatively little elasticity in terms of the knitting function.
In addition, since the back side has a warp knitting structure formed of ground reeds, it can fully satisfy the performance as a knitted fabric.
Moreover, FIG. 4 shows needle loop 7 of the knitted fabric of the present invention.
This is an enlarged view of the intertwined state of the warps 5 and 6 and one sinker loop 8 in the wale direction. As shown in Fig. 4, one sinker loop 8 spanning one wale gap a intertwines above and below the warp threads 5 and 6 inserted in the warp direction. It can be clearly seen that one sinker loop 8 spanning the fabric serves as the weft of the fabric, and the inserted warp yarns 5, 6 serve as the warp of the fabric. Also, warp threads 5 and 6 are 1
Since the sinker loops alternately rise and fall with respect to a large number of sinker loops spanning the two wale gaps a, the overall appearance of a textile appears on the surface, and the back surface has a special structure composed of knit loops 9.
For this reason, the tear strength in the warp and weft directions is strong, the elasticity is low, and the structure is obviously different, with the front surface having a woven-like appearance and the back surface having a normal warp-knit appearance consisting of knit loops. A double-sided knitted fabric that is excellent not only in appearance but also in functionality can be obtained. The ground structure of the present invention is such that the ground structure formed by the ground reed changes the length of the sinker loop at appropriate intervals in the course direction, and for example, the movement distance of the lapping of the ground reed is changed by changing the length of the sinker loop at appropriate intervals in the course direction. Every 2 courses, 3
Any warp knitting structure that constitutes a warp knitted fabric by lengthening (or shortening) every course, every 4 courses, or every 8 to 10 courses may be sufficient. Also, regarding the length of the sinker loop, The warp knitted fabric is constructed by changing the movement distance of wrapping (jogging) the reed for 1 wale (that is, beyond 1 wale), 2 wales, 3 wales, or 4 to 6 wales. It is fine as long as it is an organized organization. Preferably, from the viewpoint of form stability, the wrapping movement distance of the ground reed is changed every two courses for one wale. Alternatively, you can change the movement distance of the lapping of the ground reed, the normal 1 × 2 tricot, and the 1 ×
There are combination structures such as 3-inch tricots or 1×4 tricots, or combinations of fabrics in which the wrapping movement distance of the ground reeds is changed, but any warp-knitted structure constituting a warp-knitted fabric may be used. Preferably, the distance of the lapping motion of the ground reed from the morphological stability is
A good combination is one in which the wrapping movement distance of the ground reed is changed every two courses, and a normal 1×1 tricot structure. The ground structure forming the warp knitted fabric of the present invention may be any knitted fabric obtained by changing sinker loops at appropriate intervals in the course direction. Preferably, in terms of high strength, low elasticity, and form stability, the wrapping movement distance of the ground reed is 2.
The purpose is to form the ground structure of a warp knitted fabric by increasing the wrapping distance of the ground reed for one wale every other course. The number of insertions in the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the number of reeds of the warp knitted fabric. For example, in the case of a Ratsiel knitting machine and a tricot knitting machine, the number of reeds is usually 3 to 8, so it is sufficient to knit the ground weave with 1 to 3 reeds and insert the warp threads with the remaining reeds. ,
In addition, in the case of a special lace lattice knitting machine, the number of reeds is usually 20 to 52, but the ground weave is knitted with 1 to 3 reeds, and the warp is inserted using some or all of the other reeds. Good. The most important thing in the present invention is that the ground structure forming the warp knitted fabric changes the length of the sinker loops at appropriate intervals in the course direction, and that in one wale gap, that is, in one wale direction. It has a part where two or more warp yarns rise and fall with respect to one sinker loop, and by forming such a part appropriately, it can express the appearance of textiles such as plain weave, twill weave, and satin weave. For example, if it is formed in all the wale gaps, a plain weave appearance can be obtained. Here, the ground structure forming the warp knitted fabric is determined by changing the length of the sinker loops at appropriate intervals in the course direction, and by changing the length of one sinker loop spanning the wale gap by shogging in the course direction with the ground reed. It varies depending on the selection of motion. For example, in the case of every two courses, the length of the sinker loop becomes longer than the length of one wale gap, then the length of the second wale gap, or the length of the sinker loop becomes longer than the length of the second wale gap. After that, the sinker loop may be shortened to the length of one wale gap. In the case of every 3 courses, the sinker loop may become longer (or shorter) in two consecutive courses, and the sinker loop may become shorter (or longer) in the next course. In the case of every 4 courses, there are combinations of cases where the sinker loop becomes longer or shorter every 1 course and every 3 courses, and cases where the sinker loop becomes longer or shorter every 2 courses. The same applies to the case of 5 or more courses. In this way, the ground structure forming the warp knitted fabric may be appropriately selected depending on the desired appearance of the high-strength knitted fabric by changing the length of the sinker loops at appropriate intervals in the course direction. Also, the state in which multiple warp yarns float up and down in one sinker loop spanning one wale gap varies depending on the number of warp yarns inserted and the selection of the warp shogging motion. In the case of , one thread is floating and one is sinking, and in the case of three warps, one thread is floating (sinking),
There are cases where the other two warps sink (float), and cases where the three warps alternately rise and fall. Even in the case of 4 warps, the number of ups and downs is 1 and 3, and 2 and 2.
There are cases where the combination of four books is alternated. The same applies when there are five or more warps in one wale gap. In this manner, the state of ups and downs may be appropriately selected depending on the number of warps inserted and the desired appearance of the woven fabric. Referring to the drawings, FIG. 5 shows an example in which three warp yarns are inserted when the ground weave is shortened every two courses. As shown in this knitting organization diagram, the needle loop formed by the ground reed shortens the jogging movement every two courses to form the ground structure 9 , and the three warps 10, 11, 12 are continuously inserted between adjacent needle loop rows to perform knitting,
As shown in the enlarged view of the knitting yarn in FIG. 6, the needle loops formed by the ground reeds form the ground texture. Then, the three warp threads 10, 11,
12 is a needle loop 1 made up of a ground reed
3, one sinker loop 14 in the wale direction, that is, one sinker loop 14 spanning one wale gap, has a portion formed by rising and falling up and down. In other words, it consists of 1
When the warp thread 10 inserted in the warp direction jogs by one wale in the course direction with respect to one sinker loop 14 spanning two wale gaps, the other warp threads 11 and 12
Shogging is carried out by the length of the wale, that is, over two rows of wales consisting of needle loops. or,
When the warp thread 10 is shogged for two wales, the other warp threads 11 and 12 are shogged for one wale length.
The three warp threads 10, 11, and 12 are threaded in one wale direction of a needle loop made up of ground reeds.
Two sinker loops, ie, float above and below one sinker loop spanning one wale gap. In other words, when the warp 10 floats (sinks), the warps 11 and 12 have a sinking (floating) portion, so the tearing strength in the warp and weft directions becomes stronger, and the warp knitted fabric has a completely woven-like appearance. can get. Figure 7 shows the jogging motion of the ground tissue.
2 stitches between each course, 1 stitch between 2nd and 3rd courses
between the needles, and the 4th course is between 2 stitches, etc.
The ground texture 15 is formed by varying the distance of movement of the shogging motion of the ground reed. Additionally, four warp threads 16, 17, 18, and 19 are successively inserted between adjacent rows of needle loops in the warp direction to perform knitting, as shown in the enlarged view of the knitted threads in Figure 8. The needle loop formed by the needle loop forms the ground tissue. Then, the four warp threads 16,1 inserted
Reference numerals 7, 18, and 19 have portions that rise and fall above and below one sinker loop 21 in the wale direction of the needle loop 20, which is constituted by the ground structure, that is, one sinker loop 21 spanning one wale gap. That is, when the warp yarns 16 and 17 inserted in the warp direction are jogged by one wale with respect to the sinker loop 21 spanning one wale gap, the other warp yarns 18 and 19 are jogged by two wales. Also, when warp threads 16 and 17 jogged for 2 wales, other warp threads 1
If the warp threads 8 and 19 are shogged by one wale, the four warp threads 16, 17, 18, and 19 will move in the direction of one wale of the needle loop made up of ground reeds. The sinker loop, ie, floats above and below one sinker loop spanning one wale gap. In other words, when the warp yarns 16 and 17 float (sink), the warp yarns 18 and 19 have a sinking (floating) part, so the tearing strength in the warp and weft directions becomes stronger, and the warp knitting has a completely woven-like appearance. land will be obtained. The warp knitting machine used in the present invention is a normal Latschiel machine or a tricot knitting machine, but preferably a Latschiel machine is preferred. Further, as for the types of needles, there are a bellows needle, a mustache needle, and a compound needle, and all of them can be used, but a compound needle is preferable. Furthermore, knitting machine gauges range from 6 gauge/inch to 44 gauge/inch, all of which can be knitted, but preferably 20 gauge/inch to 30 gauge/inch.
Inch is good. The materials of the yarn used for the ground weave and the yarn inserted in the warp direction may be selected appropriately depending on the gauge of the warp knitting machine used, but for example, acrylic spun yarn and processed yarn such as polyester false twist, natural fiber and Various combinations of materials are possible depending on the purpose of use, such as nylon false-twisted yarn or polyester raw yarn and polyester false-twisted yarn, and the yarn count and denier used at that time also depend on the gauge of the warp knitting machine used. You can change it accordingly. For example, in the case of a 48-gauge/2-inch Lutsiel machine, the ground structure is 50 denier to 200 denier (1/180 Nm to 1/45 Nm),
The thread to be inserted into the warp is 100 denier to 600 denier (1/90 Nm to 1/15 Nm), or in the case of a 28 gauge/inch tricot machine, the thread is inserted into the reed.
20 denier ~ 150 denier (1/450Nm ~ 1/60N
m) If the threads inserted into the warp range from 50 denier to 450 denier (1/180 Nm to 1/20 Nm) are used, a knitted fabric with excellent functionality can be obtained. The warp knitted fabric properties obtained by the structure of the present invention have strong tear strength in the warp and weft directions, almost no stretchability in the warp direction, and moderate stretchability in the weft direction. Excellent waist and firmness as a base. In addition, synthetic fibers or natural fibers that have the function of spun yarns, such as acrylic spun yarns, are used for the inserted warp yarns, and thermoplastic synthetic fibers such as polyester are used for the ground weave, which is interwoven. This material has the elegance and heat retention of a textile, and is especially comfortable to wear, making it an ideal material for formal wear in the men's, women's and children's clothing field as a textile-like jersey with high tear strength. can get. In addition, a woven-like warp-knitted fabric can be obtained that has excellent functionality in terms of abrasion resistance, washing resistance, bending resistance, pilling resistance, and knitted fabric function. The present invention will be explained below with reference to Examples. Example 1 A warp knitting machine, a 48 gauge/2 inch ratchet machine with 3 reeds was used, and the front reed was made of polyester processed yarn and 100 denier/24 filament.
The ground organization was organized as 2-0/2-4/2-0/4-6. The middle reed and back reed use acrylic spun yarn 1/25Nm, and the middle reed uses 0-0/
2-2/0-0/2-2, back reed is 0-
Insert with 0/0-0/0-0/4-4 tissue,
It was organized with 60 on-board courses/inch. As a comparison with this knitted fabric, a knitted fabric with warp insertion according to the prior art was knitted. A 28 gauge/inch tricot machine with 3 reeds is used, and the front reed and middle reed are made of polyester processed thread and 75 denier/24 filament, and the front reed is 1-0/1.
-2. The middle reed used a ground organization with a 2-3/1-0 organization. The back reed was made using 30/2s' cotton yarn, inserted with a 0-0/2-2 structure, and knitted with 60 courses/inch on the machine. These knitted fabrics were subjected to relaxation scouring (80℃, 45℃
This knitted fabric was dyed under the following conditions: (120℃ high pressure wind, 60 minutes) → finishing set (160℃, 1 minute, dry heat). The functional properties of the material were measured. As a result, the warp knitted fabric of the present invention has very good waist and firmness, shape stability, heat retention, elegance,
A woven-like warp-knitted fabric with high tear strength and functions such as abrasion resistance was obtained. The functionality of these knitted fabrics was measured using the following measuring method, and the results were as follows. Washing shrinkage rate in terms of consumption performance: 20% at 5cm intervals on a 30cm x 30cm test piece
After making a target between cm and marking the warp and weft directions, wash it in a home washing machine. Measurement method: Temperature: 40℃±2℃ Bath ratio: 1:50 Washing time: Main washing: 5 minutes Rinse: 10 minutes Room temperature Detergent: Newbeads 0.2% Dehydration: Centrifugal dehydration: 30 seconds Drying: Natural drying Measure the shrinkage rate of the test piece after washing 10 times. Bending resistance: Similar to the washing shrinkage rate, the repellency of the fabric is measured before washing and after washing 10 times. Measurement method: Press the edge of the test piece with the tip of a pencil,
Measure the length from the point where the fabric returns to its natural origin to the edge. Wash and wear resistance: Measures the state of wrinkles caused by washing. Measurement method: Compare and measure the test piece after washing 10 times with a standard sample. Measured in 5 stages, with 5th grade being the best and 1st grade being poor. Pilling property: ICI pilling method, measuring the development state of the pill in 5 hours by comparing it with a standard sample. Measured in 5 stages, with 5th grade being the best and 1st grade being poor. Tear strength: Performed using benzyllam method and Elmendorf tear tester. Measurement method: Make a 2cm cut in a 6.5cm x 10cm test piece with a maf, and measure the tear strength of the remaining 4.5cm. Snut King: Scratch the test piece with a friction element.
Measure the degree of change in appearance (scratching) by comparing it with a standard sample. Measured in 5 stages, with 5th grade being the best and 1st grade being poor. Measurement method: Rub the friction element at 54 rpm for 1 minute using a Snut King tester, and measure the degree of friction by comparing it with a standard sample. It was measured on a five-level scale, with grade 5 being the best and grade 1 being poor. Stretch properties: Measure the stretch properties of the knitted fabric in the warp and weft directions. Test piece 5cm x 30cm Knitted fabric condition 200g load Fabric condition 1500g load Measurement method...Apply a load to the test piece and read the elongation 5 minutes later, read the length 5 minutes after removing the weight. Measure the elongation and recovery rate of the test piece at that time. Sewing performance wet heat press shrinkage rate: Measure the shrinkage rate by wet heat press on a 25cm x 25cm test piece using a flat pet press machine. Measurement method... Steam pressure 4Kg/cm ² Steaming time 10 seconds Press temperature 120℃ Press pressure 400g/cm ² Press time 10 seconds Vacuuming time 10 seconds Dry heat press Shrinkage rate: Test piece 25cm x 25cm in continuous adhesive press machine Then, measure the shrinkage rate due to dry heat. Measurement method: Press temperature: 160°C Press pressure: 3 Kg/cm ² Press time: 15 seconds Diagonal deformation: The diagonal deformation of the test piece is measured by wet heat press shrinkage and dry heat press shrinkage rate. Ground thread breakage: Measures the degree of occurrence when the ground thread of the fabric is cut due to machine sewing. Measurement method: Using an industrial lockstitch sewing machine. Needle stitch and model: Single needle lockstitch. Number of stitches 5 stitches/cm Sewing machine needle DB x 1 J point needle #14 Sewing thread Unilon #50 (white) Sewing machine tension As low as possible. Rotation speed 400r.pm Throat plate needle hole diameter 1.8mm Presser foot pressure 3Kg Feed dog pitch 18 threads/inch Feed dog height 0.8mm The functional characteristics of the knitted fabric with the structure of the present invention and the conventional knitted fabric are compared in the following section. It is shown in Table 1.

【table】

[Table] Example 2 A warp knitting machine, a 28 gauge/inch tricot knitting machine with 4 reeds, was used for the front reed, nylon false twisted yarn, 70 denier/36 filament, 1-0/ The ground organization was organized as 3-4/1-0/2-3. Cotton thread 40/2S' is used for the middle reed, middle reed, and back reed.The middle reed is 0-0/1-1/0-0/2-2, and the middle reed and back reed are 0-0. /2-2/0-
It was inserted with a texture of 0/1-1, knitted at an on-machine course of 55 courses/inch, and dyed and finished in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the obtained knitted fabric was a woven-like warp knitted fabric having the same functional characteristics as in Example 1 and having high tear strength. Example 3 A warp knitting machine with a 40 gauge/2 inch ratchet machine with 6 reeds was used, and the front and middle reeds were made of polyester processed yarn, 100 denier/48
Using filament, the front reed is 2-0/
4-6/4-2/4-6, middle reed is 4-
The ground organization was organized with a 6/2-0 organization. The middle reed, the middle reed, the middle reed, and the back reed use polyester yarn of 200 denier/96 filament.
-0/0-0/4-4/0-0, middle reed and back reed are 0-0/6-6/0-0/6-6
The fabric was inserted with the same structure as in Example 1, knitted at an on-machine course of 60 courses/inch, and dyed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, the obtained knitted fabric was a textile-like knitted fabric with high tear strength and functional characteristics similar to those of Example 1.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a normal warp knitting structure with warp insertion. FIG. 2 shows a knitting structure diagram of a warp knitted fabric having a high tear strength and woven-like function according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the knitted yarn in FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the intertwined state of the warp and one sinker loop in the wale direction of the needle loop of the knitted fabric of FIG. 3. Figure 5 shows
A knitting organization diagram is shown in the case where three warp threads are inserted in a warp knitted fabric exhibiting a textile-like function. FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the knitted yarn of FIG. 5. FIG. 7 shows a knitting organization diagram in the case of inserting four warp threads of a warp knitted fabric exhibiting a textile-like function. FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the knitted yarn of FIG. 7. The numbers in the figure indicate the following. 1,5,
6, 10, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 20
indicates a thread to be inserted in the warp direction. 2 , 3 , 4 ,
9, 15 , and 16 indicate threads of the ground texture. 7,1
Reference numerals 3 and 21 indicate the threads of the needle loops, which are also constructed from the ground weave. Reference numerals 8, 14, and 22 indicate the threads of the sinker loops, which are also constructed from the ground weave.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A warp-knitted fabric in which two or more warp yarns are continuously inserted in the warp direction between adjacent rows of needle loops without forming any needle loops, which is warp-knitted. At least 1/2 of the plurality of sinker loops of the ground structure forming the ground are sinker loops that extend beyond one or more rows of needle loops, and are adjacent to sinker loops that extend beyond the one or more rows of needle loops. Sinker loops connecting the needle loop rows are placed in each predetermined course, and the two inserted
The warp threads of this size or more are each raised and lowered in the wale direction above and below the sinker loop formed by the ground reed, and the warp threads are high strength and have a portion where the warp threads rise and fall with respect to one sinker loop. Textile warp knitted fabric. 2. A warp knitted fabric in which two or more warp yarns are inserted continuously in the warp direction between adjacent rows of needle loops without forming any needle loops, and the ground texture that forms the warp knitted fabric All of the sinker loops are sinker loops that extend beyond one or more rows of needle loops, and two or more inserted warp threads are
A high-strength textile-like warp knitted fabric having portions in which the warp yarns rise and fall above and below sinker loops formed by ground reeds in the wale direction, and in which the warp yarns rise and fall with respect to one sinker loop.