JPS648973B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to improvements in the mushroom cultivation method, which is the most important final step in the production process of enoki mushrooms to produce products. An example of the production process for enoki mushrooms is as follows. The current production process has been completed by setting various conditions to ensure efficient and uniform germination. However, unless the conditions of temperature, time, and moisture are strictly controlled, mushrooms cannot be generated as planned, and large-scale equipment is required to satisfy these conditions. In other words, the production process for enoki mushrooms is sterilization of sawdust → aseptic inoculation → holding (7-8℃, 5 days) → culturing (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → sprouting (about 10 days at 12-13℃)
days) → Suppression of mushroom growth (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → Mushroom growth (5-3℃)
(about 10 days at 6°C) → In the product process, it is necessary to maintain humidity at 70 to 80% from storage to product. It is necessary to moisten the atmosphere at regular intervals. Among these, humidity control during mushroom sprouting is particularly important, and humidity control during this process determines the quality of the product. The current enoki mushrooms, which are mainly cultivated in Nagano Prefecture, have been cultivated for a long time in caves in the Matsushiro area of Nagano Prefecture using glass bottles, etc., and have been improved and developed. After sterilizing sawdust from enoki, persimmon, zelkova, kara, cedar, etc. at the bottom of each bottle by steaming, etc., inoculate the bottom of the bottle.
It is usually cultivated using the process described above. Traditionally, plastic film or wax-impregnated paper has been made into a funnel shape and inserted into the opening of the bottle in order to prevent the enoki mushrooms from bending, but this alone does not serve the purpose of controlling the atmosphere, so water is sometimes added. In some cases, sprinklers were used to add a mist of water to the atmosphere, and the entire cultivation room had to be kept at a constant temperature and humidity. In addition, as a means to prevent "water mushrooms" that occur when growing paper made of plastic film or wax-impregnated paper is used as described above, moisture-absorbing paper is added to the cap as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-50523. It has been proposed to use growth paper that grows. Although using growth paper with the above structure has a certain effect, using only a structure using moisture-absorbing paper allows a large amount of moisture to permeate, and unless the humidity of the atmosphere is properly adjusted, the plant will become dry. ,
Water had to be supplied through sprinklers, etc. When water is supplied in this way and there is excess water,
Growing paper made of moisture-absorbing paper cannot absorb enough water, and the water absorbed by growing paper comes into direct contact with enoki mushrooms, resulting in the formation of "water mushrooms." Furthermore, if the growing paper has a paraffin-coated portion below the water-absorbent paper, it is not preferable because the enoki mushrooms will come into contact with water droplets generated on the paraffin-coated portion at the expected stage of starting growth. Furthermore, since it is made of moisture-absorbing paper and paraffin paper, it is weak and unsuitable for winding it into the mouth of a bottle using a machine. The present invention relates to improving the mushroom cultivation method, which is the final step in the conventional cultivation process, and provides a method that simplifies the humidity control method in the conventional mushroom cultivation process and allows uniform mushroom cultivation conditions to be set. The purpose is to The present invention will be explained below. The present invention relates to a synthetic resin vapor barrier layer 1 shown in FIG.
A laminated sheet 4 in which a water-absorbing resin layer 3 is provided between a vapor gas permeable layer 2 such as paper non-woven fabric, etc. is cut into fan shapes in advance, and after absorbing moisture, the laminated sheet 4 is cut as shown in FIG. Insert 4 into the opening 6 of a cultivation bottle 5 containing inoculated sawdust, which is a seedbed, with the steam gas permeable layer side facing inside, in the shape of a funnel, and keep it as it is at 4 to 8°C for about 7 to 9 days. This is a method for growing enoki mushrooms. The water-absorbing resin layer of the laminated sheet used in the present invention is capable of absorbing approximately 1000 g of water per 1 m ² and can retain water and continue to evaporate in the form of water vapor for a long period of time. It is. The water-absorbent resin used for this water-absorbent resin layer absorbs water well, increases its volume, maintains a gel-like or solid state, and does not release water even under slight pressure, and under normal conditions. The water-absorbing resin has little volatilization in the form of water vapor, and is a water-absorbing resin alone or a mixture of this and porous inorganic powder. Specifically, water-soluble resins are partially cross-linked to make them water-insoluble, such as starch-sodium acrylate graft polymers, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysates, and partially cross-linked starch-poly( Hydrolysis of starch-graft polymers such as meth)acrylic acid copolymers, partially crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolysates, and salts of the above substances, or methacrylic acid-vinyl acetate copolymers. Cross-linked synthetic resins, such as those exemplified by the above-mentioned materials, are suitable. These resins can absorb and retain water and aqueous solutions tens to thousands of times their own weight, and in the present invention,
Used in fine powder form as a non-aqueous coating liquid with a non-aqueous resin binder. Further, the porous inorganic powder is an inorganic powder having a special shape such as pores or petals, and specifically, zeolite, perlite, calcium silicate, etc. are used. The water-absorbing resin and inorganic powder have a particle size of 35 mesh or less, preferably 100 mesh or less, and 5 μ or more, and are preferably close to spherical in shape. These powders are used as a coating liquid together with a resin binder consisting of a resin liquid of alcohols, acetic esters, ketones, hydrocarbon solvents, or a melt of a thermoplastic resin to form a water-absorbing resin layer. This binder has low solubility in the water to be absorbed or in liquids that are compatible with water that contains water, and also has effective adhesive properties against the increase in volume during water absorption and swelling of the water-absorbent resin. Flexible resins shown below are preferred, and include, but are not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, chlorinated polypropylene, urethane resins, and linear thermoplastic polyester resins. The water-absorbing resin layer contains at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder based on 100 parts by weight of the binder.
A coating solution containing 50 parts by weight or more is applied to a vapor barrier layer or a vapor gas permeable layer by a gravure method, a roll coating method, or a silk screen method, and then dried. Further, the water-absorbing resin layer preferably has a partial pattern shape from the viewpoints of adhesion between the vapor barrier layer and the vapor gas permeable layer, improvement of adhesive strength in lamination, and efficiency of liquid absorption and liquid retention. On the other hand, the synthetic resin vapor barrier layer 1 of the laminated sheet 4 used in the present invention may be any moisture-proof film such as polyester film, polyethylene film, or polypropylene film, and it goes without saying that it may also be printed. Nor. The vapor gas permeable layer 2 can be made of paper, nonwoven fabric, sponge, or other porous materials that have water absorption and water retention capabilities, but paper or paper-based materials are preferred. When this paper is used as a base material, it is necessary to have strength when water is absorbed, and it is desirable to use a base paper that has been subjected to a sizeless process that reduces the size of the paper. In the present invention, water is absorbed into the water-absorbing resin layer of a laminated sheet consisting of a vapor barrier layer, a water-absorbing resin layer, and a vapor-gas permeable layer as described above, and the water is rolled into the mouth of a cultivation bottle. Since the funnel-shaped part of the laminated sheet is provided with water, the water absorbed by the water-absorbing resin layer will always evaporate, even if water is not supplied from the outside, and the atmosphere in this part will remain within a certain range. can be kept. In addition, the water-absorbent resin layer always supplies water vapor into the atmosphere, so even if the enoki mushrooms and the laminated water-absorbent sheet come into contact, the enoki mushrooms do not come in contact with water, but rather emit less water vapor from the enoki mushrooms. You can mushroom. Examples of the present invention will be described below. Example: Biaxially stretched polypropylene film (20μ)/crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolyzate (5.1g/m ² )/urethane adhesive (2.5g/m ² ) water-absorbing resin layer provided in a lattice pattern / A laminated sheet made of unsized processed base paper (80g/m ² ) with a lower circumference of approximately 210 mm.
Contains sawdust made by mixing rice bran with sawdust mainly made of cedar wood, cut out into a fan shape with an upper circumference of about 300 mm and a length of about 120 mm, soaked in tap water for about 60 minutes, and then inoculated with enoki mushroom species. Opening (opening circumference) of a polypropylene container (thickness 1 mm) with a capacity of 500 ml
200 mm) with the unsized processed base paper side facing inside in the form of a funnel. When stored in this state in an atmosphere of 5-6℃, it grew uniformly to about 100 mm on the 8th day.
Its weight was approximately 120g. In addition, the enoki mushrooms were in good condition without the growth of bacteria or browning. This condition can be resolved by occasionally spraying water with a sprinkler.
This means that similar enoki mushrooms can be obtained in about 2 days less than by cultivating the enoki mushrooms using a method that maintains the humidity at 70 to 80%. The humidity atmosphere inside the funnel-shaped laminated sheet in the method of the present invention is as shown in Table 1 below.

[Table] As described above, according to the present invention, there is no need for large-scale humidity control methods as in the past, that is, equipment such as a humidity chamber or sprinklers, and it is possible to maintain a substantially constant humidity throughout the period. This made uniform growth possible. In addition, it is a simple and useful mushroom cultivation method that allows for faster growth than conventional methods, improved quality, and shortened distribution cycles.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated sheet used in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the method of mushroom development of the present invention. 1... vapor barrier layer, 2... vapor gas permeable layer, 3
...Water absorbent resin layer, 4... Laminated sheet, 5... Cultivation bottle, 6... Opening.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A laminated sheet in which a water-absorbing resin layer is provided between a synthetic resin vapor barrier layer and a vapor gas permeable layer is cut into fan shapes in advance to absorb water, and the laminated sheet is cut into a predetermined shape. A method for growing enoki mushrooms, which comprises inserting a funnel-shaped vapor gas permeable layer inside the opening of a cultivation container containing treated inoculated sawdust and causing the mushrooms to grow in that state. 2. Claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing resin layer is formed of a coating liquid prepared by mixing at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder. How to grow enoki mushrooms.