JPH0135611B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to improvements in the mushroom cultivation method, which is the most important final step in the production process of enoki mushrooms to produce products. An example of the production process for enoki mushrooms is as follows. The current production process has been completed by setting various conditions to ensure efficient and uniform germination. However, unless the conditions of temperature, time, and moisture are strictly controlled, mushrooms cannot be generated as planned, and large-scale equipment is required to satisfy these conditions. In other words, the production process for enoki mushrooms is sterilization of sawdust → aseptic inoculation → holding (7-8℃, 5 days) → culturing (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → sprouting (about 10 days at 12-13℃)
days) → Suppression of mushroom growth (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → Mushroom growth (5-3℃)
(about 10 days at 6°C) → In the product process, it is necessary to maintain humidity at 70 to 80% from storage to product. It is necessary to maintain the atmosphere at regular intervals. Among these, humidity control during mushroom sprouting is particularly important, and humidity control during this process determines the quality of the product. The current enoki mushrooms, which are mainly cultivated in Nagano Prefecture, have been cultivated for a long time in caves in the Matsushiro area of Nagano Prefecture using glass bottles, etc., and have been improved and developed. After sterilizing sawdust from enoki, persimmon, zelkova, kara, cedar, etc. at the bottom of each bottle by steaming, etc., inoculate the bottom of the bottle.
It is usually cultivated using the process described above. Traditionally, plastic film or wax-impregnated paper has been made into a funnel shape and inserted into the opening of the bottle in order to prevent the enoki mushrooms from bending, but this alone does not serve the purpose of controlling the atmosphere, so water is sometimes added. In some cases, sprinklers were used to add a mist of water to the atmosphere, and the entire cultivation room had to be kept at a constant temperature and humidity. In addition, as a means to prevent "water mushrooms" that occur when growing paper made of plastic film or wax-impregnated paper is used as described above, moisture-absorbing paper is added to the cap as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-50523. It has been proposed to use growth paper that grows. Although using the above-mentioned stellar growth paper has a certain effect, a structure using only moisture-absorbing paper will allow a large amount of moisture to pass through, and unless the humidity of the atmosphere is properly adjusted, it will become dry. ,
Water had to be supplied through sprinklers, etc. When water is supplied in this way and there is excess water,
Growing paper made of moisture-absorbing paper cannot absorb enough water, and the water absorbed by growing paper comes into direct contact with enoki mushrooms, resulting in the formation of "water mushrooms." Furthermore, if the growing paper has a paraffin-coated portion below the water-absorbent paper, it is not preferable because the enoki mushrooms will come into contact with water droplets generated on the paraffin-coated portion at the expected stage of starting growth. The present invention relates to improving the mushroom cultivation method, which is the final step in the conventional cultivation process, and provides a method that simplifies the humidity control method in the conventional mushroom cultivation process and allows uniform mushroom cultivation conditions to be set. The purpose is to The present invention will be explained in detail below. As shown in FIG.
After cutting the laminated water-absorbing sheet 3 provided with the water-absorbing sheet 3 into a fan shape in advance, as shown in FIG. Fix it and leave it as it is for 4 to 8
This is a method for growing enoki mushrooms by keeping them at ℃ for about 7 to 9 days. Here, the water-absorbing resin layer of the laminated water-absorbing sheet used in the present invention can absorb approximately 1000 g of water per 1 m ² and can retain water and continue to evaporate in the form of water vapor for a long time. It is something. The water-absorbent resin used for this water-absorbent resin layer absorbs water well, increases its volume, maintains a gel-like or solid state, and does not release water even under slight pressure, and under normal conditions. The water-absorbing resin has little volatilization in the form of water vapor, and is a water-absorbing resin alone or a mixture of this and porous inorganic powder. Specifically, water-soluble resins are partially cross-linked to make them water-insoluble, such as starch-sodium acrylate graft polymers, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysates, and partially cross-linked starch-poly( Hydrolysis of starch-graft polymers such as meth)acrylic acid copolymers, partially crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolysates, and salts of the above substances, or methacrylic acid-vinyl acetate copolymers. Cross-linked synthetic resins, such as those exemplified by the above-mentioned materials, are suitable. These resins can absorb and retain water and aqueous solutions tens to thousands of times their own weight, and in the present invention,
Used in fine powder form as a non-aqueous coating liquid with a non-aqueous resin binder. Further, the porous inorganic powder is an inorganic powder having a special shape such as pores or petals, and specifically, zeolite, barite, calcium silicate, etc. are used. The water-absorbing resin and inorganic powder have a particle size of 35 mesh or less, preferably 100 mesh or less, and 5 μ or more, and are preferably close to spherical in shape. These powders are used as a coating liquid together with a resin binder consisting of a resin liquid of alcohols, acetic esters, ketones, hydrocarbon solvents, or a melt of a thermoplastic resin to form a water-absorbing resin layer. This binder has low solubility in the water to be absorbed or in liquids that are compatible with water that contains water, and also has effective adhesive properties against the increase in volume during water absorption and swelling of the water-absorbent resin. Flexible resins shown below are preferred, and include, but are not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, chlorinated polypropylene, urethane resins, and linear thermoplastic polyester resins. The water-absorbing resin layer contains at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder based on 100 parts by weight of the binder.
A coating solution containing 50 parts by weight or more is applied to a water-absorbent sheet that is permeable to steam and gas using the gravure method, roll coating method, or silk screen method, and then dried. Further, the water-absorbent resin layer preferably has a partial pattern shape from the viewpoints of adhesion of the water-absorbent sheets to each other, improvement of adhesive strength in lamination, and efficiency of liquid absorption and liquid retention. On the other hand, vapor and gas permeable water absorbent sheets are
Paper, non-woven fabric, sponge, etc. are porous and absorb water.
It is possible to use films that have a water-retaining ability, and even films made of cellophane, nylon, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., which have high moisture permeability once they become hygroscopic, but paper or paper-based films are preferred. When this paper is used as a base material, it is necessary to have strength when water is absorbed, and it is desirable to use a base paper that has been subjected to a sizeless process that reduces the size of the paper. In the method of the present invention, the laminated water absorbent sheet may be used not only as it is but also with water or an aqueous solution impregnated therein. As described above, the present invention is a laminated water-absorbent sheet in which a water-absorbent resin layer is provided between the water-absorbent sheets using a coating liquid containing a water-absorbent resin capable of absorbing and retaining water or aqueous solutions tens to thousands of times its own weight. Since the water was rolled up into a funnel shape and placed at the mouth of the cultivation bottle, the moisture was
Even if it is adsorbed to a water-absorbent sheet, it is absorbed and retained by the water-absorbent resin layer, which has a high absorption and retention capacity. Once the water is retained in the water-absorbing resin layer, the water is not transferred from the water-absorbing resin layer under normal conditions.
Since it is always supplied as water vapor, even if the enoki mushrooms come into contact with the laminated water-absorbent sheet, the enoki mushrooms will not be in contact with water for a long time, making it possible to develop enoki mushrooms with less water vapor. . Examples of the present invention will be described below. Example Unsized processed base paper (80g/ ^m2 )/Crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolyzate (5.1g/m2)
m ² )・Water-absorbing resin layer with urethane adhesive (2.5 g/m ² ) arranged in a lattice pattern / Unsized processed base paper (80 g/m 2 )
m ² ) was cut out into a fan shape with a lower circumference of approximately 210 mm, an upper circumference of approximately 300 mm, and a length of approximately 120 mm, and rice bran was mixed with sawdust mainly made of cedar wood inoculated with enoki mushroom species. Capacity with sawdust
It was placed in the shape of a funnel at the opening (opening circumference: 200 mm) of a 500 ml polypropylene container (thickness: 1 mm) and fixed with a rubber band around the opening. When stored in this state in an atmosphere of 5 to 6 degrees Celsius, it grew uniformly to about 100 mm on the 8th day.
Its weight was approximately 120g. This was about a 15% increase in yield compared to conventional methods. In addition, the enoki mushrooms were in good condition without the growth of bacteria or browning. Furthermore, once used laminated sheets could be used repeatedly by air-drying them. This condition can be resolved by occasionally spraying water with a sprinkler.
Compared to cultivating the enoki mushrooms using a method that maintains the humidity at 70 to 80%, it took about 2 days less and yielded about 15% more enoki mushrooms. The humidity atmosphere inside the funnel-shaped laminated sheet in the method of the present invention is as shown in Table 1 below.

[Table] As described above, according to the present invention, there is no need for large-scale humidity control methods as in the past, that is, equipment such as a humidity chamber or sprinklers, and it is possible to maintain a substantially constant humidity throughout the period. This enabled uniform growth. In addition, it is a simple and useful method for growing mushrooms that allows them to grow faster than conventional methods, improving quality and shortening the distribution cycle.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated sheet used in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the method of mushroom development of the present invention. 1...Water absorbent sheet, 2...Water absorbent resin layer, 3
...Laminated sheet, 5...Cultivation bottle, 6...Opening.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Between two vapor and gas permeable water absorbent sheets,
After cutting a laminated water-absorbing sheet with a water-absorbing resin layer formed from a coating liquid containing a water-absorbing resin that can absorb and retain tens to thousands of times its own weight of water or aqueous solutions into fan shapes, A method for growing enoki mushrooms, which is characterized in that the mushrooms are fixed in a funnel shape to the opening of a cultivation container containing inoculated Okakuji that has been subjected to a prescribed treatment, and the mushrooms are grown in that state. 2. The water-absorbing resin layer according to claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing resin layer is formed of a coating liquid containing at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder based on 100 parts by weight of the binder. How to grow enoki mushrooms.