JPH0121118B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Industrial applications The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing compost such as livestock manure.

The present invention is an apparatus for producing compost by depositing compost raw materials on a floor equipped with a ventilation device, and agitating or stirring and transferring the compost raw materials while aerating the compost raw materials. In order to prevent the compacted compost raw materials from clogging during transport and making ventilation impossible, the compost raw materials are stirred or stirred and transferred to a machine frame that is movably placed above the piled up compost raw materials. The device creates a part where the accumulated compost raw materials are stirred or agitated and transferred to a predetermined depth and a part where they are not stirred or agitated and transferred, at appropriate intervals, and between the lower part of the pile where the compost raw materials are not stirred or agitated and transferred and the ventilation device. The present invention relates to a compost manufacturing device that maintains air permeability and supplies a predetermined amount of air to compost raw materials.

Conventional technology Fermenting livestock manure, etc. to produce compost and returning it to arable land to increase soil fertility has long been a widely used technology, but in recent years, with the rapid increase in the number of livestock kept, labor-saving Various methods and devices for rapidly producing compost have been developed and are becoming widespread. A representative example of these is, for example, "Guidelines for Preparing Basic Designs of Livestock Facilities, Revised Edition, January 1980" published by the Facilities and Materials Department of the National Agricultural Cooperative Association.
(Reference 1) and ``Guidelines for the introduction of livestock excrement processing facilities and equipment, 1st edition, June 1981'' (Reference 2).

These manufacturing methods and devices can be broadly classified as follows. That is, the accumulated compost raw materials are not stirred or stirred and transferred, and ventilation is not performed. Do not stir or stir or transfer the accumulated compost raw materials, only ventilate them. Stir or agitate and transfer the accumulated compost raw materials, but do not ventilate them. The accumulated compost raw materials are stirred or stirred and transferred, and ventilation is also performed. There are four types.

Among these four methods and devices, if we compare the case where the accumulated compost raw materials are ventilated and the case where they are not ventilated, in the former case, the compost raw materials are kept in aerobic conditions, which promotes fermentation and decomposition and generates Due to the heat generated, water evaporates, making it possible to efficiently produce low-moisture compost. On the other hand, if we compare the case where the accumulated compost raw materials are stirred or agitated and transferred and the case where they are not stirred or agitated and transferred, the latter In this case, some parts of the accumulated compost raw materials are formed where air can easily pass through, and only those parts come into contact with air, and air is not supplied to other parts.There are parts with excess air and parts with insufficient air. This results in the disadvantage that the fermentation part is delayed compared to the former method.

As explained above, the most efficient technique for producing compost is to stir or stir and transfer the accumulated compost raw materials, and also to ventilate them. A variety of devices have been developed using this method.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention As the most efficient device among the methods described in the previous section, for example, as shown in Figure 57 on page 330 of (Reference 2), the upper surface of the ventilation device is a perforated steel plate, and high pressure is supplied from the bottom of the ventilation device. When air is blown by a blower and a stirrer or stirring transfer device is installed on the top, it is difficult to operate the bottom end of the stirrer or stirring transfer device in contact with the perforated steel plate, and it is difficult to operate the stirrer or stirring transfer device by leaving a slight gap. For this reason, a plate of compacted compost raw material is formed on the top surface of the perforated steel plate, making it impossible to create ventilation and resulting in anaerobic fermentation and decomposition, making it impossible to efficiently produce compost. There is.

As a conventional technique aimed at solving this problem, there is a technique described in Utility Model Application Publication No. 156845/1983, "Air Impermeable Layer Formation Prevention Device in Composting or Drying Facilities for Livestock Manure, etc.," which was previously filed by the present applicant. An agitator with a pressure prevention plate at the lower tip, or an air-impermeable layer at the bottom of the agitation rod described in Utility Model Application Publication No. 154741/1983, ``Dry Composting Apparatus'', which was subsequently filed by the present applicant. Some are equipped with a sled body to prevent damage. These technologies are aimed at preventing the formation of an air-impermeable layer by pressing the compost raw materials downward when stirring or stirring and transferring the materials, and these air-impermeable layer formation prevention devices, Alternatively, sand or the like is laid under the sled body to prevent the formation of an air-impermeable layer. However, even in the case of such a prevention device, an agitation or agitation transfer device equipped with a prevention sled, and a floor structure made of sand, etc., when the moisture content of the compost raw material is extremely high, highly viscous mud may seep into the sand. , and because the relative position of the prevention device and prevention sled body to the floor surface is not constant at all times, compost raw materials may fall into the lower part of the air impermeable layer generation prevention device or the air impermeable layer generation prevention sled body, and the floor surface may be damaged. This resulted in the disadvantage that the compost raw material was compacted with mud on the surface, forming a hard air-impermeable layer after a long period of stirring or stirring transfer operation.

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention is configured as follows as a technical means for solving the above problems.

In other words, in a compost production device that is equipped with a ventilation device at the bottom, deposits compost raw materials on the top, stirs or agitates and transfers this, and sends air to this to produce compost, the deposited compost raw materials are stirred to a predetermined depth. Alternatively, the compost manufacturing apparatus is characterized by being provided with an agitation and transfer device that forms a portion for agitation and transfer and a portion for not agitation or agitation and transfer.

Function Compost raw materials deposited on a floor equipped with a ventilation device are stirred or stirred and transferred, but even if the compost raw materials below this part are compacted and an air-impermeable layer is formed, the ventilation of the adjacent part is prevented. Since the upper part of the equipment is not compacted, no air impermeable layer is created, and when air is forced through the ventilation equipment, the air escapes to the upper part.
Air passes through not only the parts that are not stirred or stirred but also the parts that are stirred or stirred, and if air is sucked in by a ventilation device, the air passes through the compost raw material in the opposite direction. do.

In this way, there is a part of the compost raw material that is not stirred or stirred and transferred on the floor where ventilation facilities are provided, but this part is not compacted and becomes a passage for air, so the permeability of this part is reduced over a long period of time. This allows the required air to be supplied to the deposited compost raw material, thereby making it possible to sustain efficient compost production.

Embodiments Specific embodiments of the present invention are shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4.

Figures 1 and 2 show a rotating stirring rod attached to a running machine frame to agitate and transfer the compost raw materials, and at the same time, sections are formed at appropriate intervals on the floor where a ventilation device is installed so that the compost raw materials are not compacted. , is an example of a compost production device using a stirring transfer device (rotary type stirring transfer device) in which long and short stirring rods are attached alternately so as to maintain air permeability of this part at all times, and a ventilation device. The figures are a cross-sectional view and a longitudinal cross-sectional view of these, respectively. Stirring transfer device 4 shown in the figure
Wheels 10 are attached to the machine frame 15 on the left and right and front and back, and run on the upper rails of the side walls 9 of the compost manufacturing apparatus. Further, a bearing 16 and a shaft 1 are arranged on the machine frame 15, and the shaft 1 is rotated as the machine runs, and the compost raw materials 8 deposited on the shaft 1 are stirred and transferred by long and short stirring rods 2 and 3 attached to the shaft 1. A and this agitation transfer cause a part of the compost raw material 8 to remain as a part b which is not agitated and transferred, as shown in the shaded area in FIG. A ventilation device 5 and an air chamber 6 are provided below the accumulated compost raw materials 8,
This ventilation device 5 is constructed by stacking perforated steel plates 11, cheesecloth 12, and grating 13 in order from the bottom.
The gaps and upper part of this grating 13 are filled with and deposited with highly breathable materials such as sand and chips 14, and air is sent into this air chamber 6 by a blower 7. In other words, the compost raw materials 8 at the bottom of the part a where the compost raw materials 8 are stirred and transferred by the long rotating stirring rod 2, such as sand and chips 14, are compacted and lose their air permeability after a long period of operation. , the compost raw material 8 is not consolidated in the part b at the bottom of the short stirring rod 3 where it is not stirred and transferred, and as a result, the air sent from the blower 7 is
Compost raw materials 8 through the passage shown by the arrow in the figure.
A predetermined amount is supplied inside. Note that 17 is a perforated support that supports the upper ventilation device 5 and allows air from the blower 7 to flow under a predetermined floor of the compost production apparatus. Although FIG. 1 shows a case where the blower 7 pumps air into the air chamber 6, it is also possible to suck air from the air chamber 6. In addition, when transferring deeply accumulated compost raw materials 8 from one end of the compost manufacturing device to the other end, after the stirring transfer device 4 reaches one end of the side wall 9, the stirring transfer device 4 is moved backwards to the other end of the side wall 9. To do this, it is necessary to raise the shaft 1 to the top and reverse the running wheel 10, but a support frame is mounted on one end of the machine frame 15, a bearing 16 is attached to this, and the mounted support frame is rotated upward. Just let it happen. In order to reduce the maximum load of stirring transfer, stirring rods 2 and 3 attached to shaft 1 are used.
This can be done by shifting the mounting position on the axis by a slight angle. Among the longer and shorter stirring rods 2 and 3 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the shorter stirring rod 3 may be omitted. In this case, the compost raw material 8 left between the long stirring rods 2 falls and is stirred and transferred by the long stirring rods 2.

Next, another embodiment will be explained with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

In Fig. 3, the accumulated compost raw material 8 is stirred and transferred by a scoop method (a method in which a scooping plate 0 attached to a chain is used to scoop up the material and throw it backwards). Parts that do not allow the raw material 8 to be compacted are formed at appropriate intervals so that the air permeability of these parts is always maintained.
This is an example of a compost manufacturing apparatus using a traveling scoop and a ventilation device 5 that stir and transfer only the compost raw material 8 at a predetermined position, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are a cross-sectional view and a vertical cross-sectional view, respectively. The scoop-type agitation transfer device 18 shown in the figure has a large number of scraping plates 2 on the surface of an endless conveyance belt 19 that is vertically low and high in the rear with respect to the traveling direction.
The conveyor 21 is comprised of an endless conveyor 21 on which 0s are mounted at approximately equal intervals, and is supported by a frame 22. This frame body 22 is supported via sliding wheels 23 on a machine frame 15 that straddles the upper part of the compost tank and runs back and forth, and is connected to a chain 25 driven by a motor 24.
This makes it possible to move the frame 22 and the scoop type agitation transfer device 18 that it supports to the predetermined positions A, B, and C in FIG. 3.

The wheels 26 are used to run the scoop type agitation transfer device 18 and the machine frame 15, and the motor 27 is for driving these, and the machine frame 15 is supported by the downward legs 28. Note that the pressure prevention plate 30 is attached to an appropriate position of the scoop type stirring transfer device 18 by its attachment plate 29.

An air chamber 6 is provided under the compost raw material 8, and a ventilation device 5 is installed in the upper part of the air chamber 6, and a ventilation device 5 is installed in order from the bottom to the top, a perforated steel plate 11, a cheesecloth 12, a grating 13, and a gap between the grating 13 and the sand filled in the top. ,
It is constructed by stacking highly air permeable materials such as chips 14, and this ventilation device 5 is firmly supported by a perforated support 17. The compost raw material 8 is stored between the ventilation device 5 and the side wall 9, and the scoop-type stirring and transfer device 18 operates while traveling at positions A, B, and C. However, the portion b ( The lower part of the area (shown with diagonal lines) is not consolidated, so ventilation is always maintained, so the blower 7
When operated, a predetermined amount of air is supplied into the compost raw material 8 through the passage indicated by the arrow. Although FIG. 3 shows the case where the blower 7 sucks air from the air chamber 6, air can be forced into the air chamber 6 to cause the air to flow in the direction opposite to the arrow in the compost raw material 8. You can also do it. In addition, after the machine frame 15 reaches one end of the compost manufacturing device while stirring and transferring the compost raw material 8, the scoop type stirring transfer device 1
8 around the support pin 31 to raise the tip, reverse the wheel 26 and go backwards to the other end of the compost production device, slide the scoop type stirring transfer device 18 from position A to position B, The distal end of the scoop type agitation transfer device 18 is lowered by rotating around the support pin 31 again, and the agitation transfer action is performed at position B. Movement from position B to position C can be performed in the same way, but the compost raw material 8 between parts A and C and the side wall 9, and the compost raw material between parts A and B, and between parts B and C 8 is not stirred and transferred, but the compost raw material 8 above it falls down to parts A, B, and C, and eventually, the compost raw material 8 put into the compost manufacturing apparatus is stirred and transferred in sequence.

Effects of the Invention In order to efficiently ferment livestock manure, etc. as a compost raw material and make it into compost, it is necessary to stir and aerate it. An air-impermeable layer is generated in the upper part of the device, which prevents air from being supplied to the compost raw material, which inhibits the fermentation and decomposition of the compost raw material. In order to prevent this, the present invention is configured as described above, so that a part of the compost raw material in the compost production device is not stirred or stirred and transferred, but an air-impermeable layer is created by compaction of the raw material on the ventilation device. It is possible to efficiently produce compost by forming free parts at appropriate intervals to always maintain air permeability in these parts, permanently supplying air to the entire compost raw material, and stirring or agitating and transferring the air. It has the effect of making it possible.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figure 1 shows a rotary agitation transfer system with a ventilation device at the bottom, compost raw materials deposited on the top, and stirring rods arranged at appropriate intervals to form sections at appropriate intervals above the ventilation device that can permanently maintain air permeability. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the compost manufacturing device in which the device runs, and FIG. 2 is a vertical cross-sectional view of the same. Figure 3 also shows compost production in which a ventilation device is installed at the bottom, compost raw materials are deposited on top of the ventilation device, and a scoop-type stirring and transfer device is run so as to form sections at appropriate intervals above the ventilation device that can permanently maintain air permeability. is a cross-sectional view of the device;
FIG. 4 is a partially cutaway longitudinal sectional view of the same. 1...Rotary shaft of rotary stirring transfer device, 2
... long stirring rod, 3 ... short stirring rod, 5 ... ventilation device, 6 ... air chamber, 7 ... blower, 8 ... compost raw material, 18 ... scoop type stirring and transfer device, a ...
...Part that is stirred and transferred, b...Part that is not stirred and transferred.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a compost production device that has a ventilation device in the lower part, deposits compost raw materials in the upper part, stirs or stirs and transfers the materials, and sends air to this to produce compost, the deposited compost raw materials are stirred or stirred to a predetermined depth. 1. A compost production apparatus characterized by being provided with an agitation and transfer device that forms a portion for agitation and transfer and a portion for no agitation or agitation and transfer.