JPH0132424B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heating and cooling system that makes effective use of solar heat, and particularly relates to a heating and cooling system that utilizes latent heat and is capable of storing a large amount of heat for the final period of time, thereby significantly reducing heating energy. .

An object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving heating and cooling system that is particularly suitable for regions with extreme cold and heat between seasons or regions with extreme cold and heat during the day and night.In particular, during hot seasons when cooling is necessary, solar heat and cooling exhaust heat are used for heating. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device that achieves true energy saving and can store and recover the stored energy until the desired time.

The present invention, which was made to achieve this purpose,
An air circulation path is formed between the pneumatic solar heat collector and the heat storage tank, a heat source water circulation path is formed between the heat storage tank and the air conditioner, and a refrigerator is further interposed in the heat source water circulation path, A heating and cooling system using solar heat that stores heat from the sun before the season when heating is required and cooling exhaust heat during cooling operation in the heat storage tank and uses this as a heating heat source, the heat storage tank being a heat storage system in which a heat storage material is sealed. Each heat storage unit consists of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by solar heat or cooling exhaust heat, and inside each container, the air in the air circulation path is Another object of the present invention is to provide an air conditioning system using solar heat, in which an air passage through which air that has received cooling exhaust heat flows, and a heat source water passage through which heat source water of the heat source water circulation path flows independently of the air passage.

Examples of heat storage substances used in the device of the present invention include CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, Na ₂ SO ₄ .10H ₂ O,
Hydrated salts such as Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ and 5H ₂ O, Na ₂ HPO ₄ −
Examples include hydrated phosphate mixtures such as NaH ₂ PO ₄ -KH ₂ PO ₄ -H ₂ O, organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, and fats and oils such as paraffin and silicone oil. In the present invention, solar heat and cooling waste heat are stored in large quantities in the form of latent heat in such a heat storage material for a long period of time, and this can be taken out for heating as appropriate. Hereinafter, first, the structure of the heat storage tank according to the present invention that makes it possible to store latent heat in large amounts over a long period of time will be explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10, and then the entire apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG. 11 will be explained. I decided to do it.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a typical example of a unit heat storage unit for constructing a heat storage tank according to the present invention, and shows a container for enclosing a heat storage material as described above. This container has a passageway for allowing a gas medium (air) and a liquid medium (heat source water) to flow independently, and has a volume of about 1 ton. In FIG. 1, 1 is a cylindrical can body;
An upper lid 2 and a lower lid 2' are airtightly attached to the upper and lower sides of the can body 1. A coaxial small cylinder 3 is airtightly attached to the center of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 2', and a coil 4 is arranged so as to surround this small cylinder 3. One end of the coil 4 projects below the can body 1, and the other end projects above the can body 1, and the connection of the coil end to the can body 1 is also maintained airtight.
5 is an inlet for the heat storage material, and 6 is an outlet for the heat storage material. After filling the heat storage material, the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 are
Leave it blank. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing a heat medium, that is, a small cylinder 3 and a coil 4, are formed in this container. As will be described later, the small cylinder 3 is used as a passage for a gas such as air, and the coil 4 is used independently as a passage for a liquid such as water.
The illustrated heat storage unit is substantially symmetrical vertically and horizontally, and appears to have the same shape even if the illustrated position is turned upside down, and when stacked coaxially,
The outlet of the small cylinder 3' in another heat storage unit of the same type shown by the broken line in the figure is aligned and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 3 shown by the solid line, and the outlet and inlet of the coil 4 are similarly connected by piping. ing.

Figure 2 shows a state in which eight heat storage units in Figure 1 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank, and Figure 3 shows a state in which one unit of heat storage tank made up of these eight heat storage units is further assembled. are shown diagrammatically.

As shown in Figure 2, one unit of heat storage tank consists of four vertical hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and these hollow pipes a to b, b to c, and c.
In a framework consisting of four vertical hollow pipes I to D placed on the center sides between ~d and d~a, and one vertical hollow pipe CP placed in the center,
It is constructed by housing eight heat storage units in two stages. Among these hollow pipes, the surrounding pipes except for the central pipe CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when one unit of tank heat tanks is assembled next to each other.

This state is as shown in the planar arrangement of Fig. 3.
Corner pipe a in unit heat storage tank (Ui)
d is commonly used as a corner pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks in a certain direction (vertical direction in the figure), but in a certain direction (horizontal direction in the figure), it is shared by the corner pipe of the adjacent unit heat storage tank. Commonly used as a pipe.
And all of these pipes (a~d, i~
In addition to serving as a support for assembling and fixing the heat storage units, the CP) also connects the coils 4 (Fig. 1) arranged inside each heat storage unit to each other to supply heat medium liquid (heat source water). It is designed to function as a heat medium pipe for circulating the heat medium. In each unit heat storage tank, each pipe is positioned relative to each other using a total of three horizontal support plates 7 (top, middle, and bottom) as shown in FIG. With the support plates, the eight heat storage units become four cylinders stacked two by two along the axis, and these four cylinders constitute one unit of heat storage tank. By being stacked along this axis, the small cylinders 3 (FIG. 1) are aligned and connected to each other, and a heat transfer gas (air) is passed through them.

The heat medium liquid (heat source water) is supplied to each hollow pipe a~
d, A to D, and CP are used to circulate to the coils of each heat storage unit, and this connection relationship is shown by arrows in the planar arrangement of FIG. For example, the third
If we look at the unit heat storage tank of Ui in the figure, 4 in the upper row
Similarly, the unit and the four units in the lower row are
The central pipe CP is connected so that the heat medium liquid flows out from each internal coil, and the side pipes A and B are connected so that the heat medium liquid flows into each internal coil. On the other hand, in the unit heat storage tank to the right of this Ui, the connection with the central pipe CP is
Same as Ui, but in Ui corner pipes (a-d)
What was functioning as a side pipe (I~N)
From now on, the heat transfer liquid will flow in. In other words, by shifting one heat storage unit adjacent to the unit heat storage tank, pipes that are not used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank can be used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank. When viewed individually as a unit heat storage tank, the connection position between each pipe and the coil in each unit can remain unchanged. Unit heat storage devices can be assembled infinitely while maintaining this unchanging connection relationship, and in fact, the degree of this collection can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the heat capacity for heat reception or heat radiation. In addition, in the case of this set, in addition to the planar expansion as shown in FIG. 3, connection in the vertical direction is also optional, and a heat storage tank structure having an arbitrary three-dimensional structure can be constructed. In the constructed heat storage tank, the heat medium gas (air) is made to pass through the small cylinder of each heat storage unit, and also to pass through the gap between each heat storage unit, that is, the outside of the can body 1. The heat exchange area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit with this heat transfer gas is further increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

Below, other ways of using the heat storage unit of the present invention and other examples of shapes and structures will be shown.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a ring joint 9 is used to vertically stack heat storage units.
This ring joint 9, as shown in FIG. Insert the end of the heat storage unit that you are going to stack into place. The support plate 7 shown in FIG. 4 is supported at the center of this ring joint 9. Reference numeral 13 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 17. If this support plate 7 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when stacking the heat storage units, one of the gases flowing from one small cylinder to another will be
The gas flows out of the can body through the opening 10, and conversely, the gas flowing outside the can collides with the support plate 7 (this support plate 7 functions as a buff-full plate) and flows out from this opening 10. A flow of air flows into the cylinder, causing airflow to flow between the outside and inside of the can (small cylinder).
The airflow flows while being mixed with the gas, and heat exchange between the gas and the heat storage material is effectively performed over the entire area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit.

FIG. 7 is a plan layout diagram when the heat storage unit of FIG. 1 is arranged in the most compact manner. In this case, two vertical pipes 14 and 15 are used for one regenerator unit, one of which is an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coils in the regenerator unit;
The other is used as an outflow tube for the heat transfer liquid to flow out of the coil. When stacking in the vertical direction, they are stacked while maintaining the arrangement shown in Figure 7, but the pipe that is the outflow pipe in the heat storage unit one level below can be connected as an outflow pipe. good. That is, the coils of each longitudinal regenerator unit may be connected to the pipes 14 and 15 in series. Whether to connect in series or in parallel is determined by the heat receiving capacity, the amount of heat medium fluid, and the type and amount of heat storage material, and it is also possible to connect them separately to different water systems. In this lamination, the sixth
It is also possible to use a ring joint as shown in the figure.
It is also possible to make the heat transfer gas flow inside and outside the can (small cylinder). However, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, the gaps between the heat accumulator units are smaller than in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, so it is not necessarily necessary to use the buffle plate as shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a collection of unit heat storage tanks shown in FIG. 2, and shows an example of arrangement in which air as a heat medium can effectively flow throughout the tanks. That is, the unit heat storage tank is arranged between an air inlet chamber 16 and an air outlet chamber 17 that are shared with other unit heat storage tanks, and air is fed into the air inlet chamber 16 from the air inlet communication box 18, and air is Air is taken out from the outlet chamber 17 to an air outlet communication box 19. The air inlet chamber 16 and the air outlet chamber 17 have a two-dimensional extent, and a unit heat storage tank is arranged between them, with a number of small cylinders 3 aligned in a direction perpendicular to the plane of these chambers. are also located. In addition, Uj and Ui in FIG. 8 indicate unit heat storage tanks consisting of eight heat storage units in FIG. 2, and 9 is a ring joint as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Although piping for the liquid heat medium is omitted in FIG. 8, the piping for the liquid heat medium is also arranged as explained in FIG. 3 or FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device consisting of a solar collector and a heat storage tank according to the invention. In Fig. 9, 20 is a pneumatic solar heat collector, 21 is an underground concrete structure, Ui and Uj are unit heat storage tanks consisting of a plurality of heat storage units, 22 is a blower, 23 is an air chamber, and 24 is a switching damper. , 25 is an air supply port, 26 is a return air port, 28 to 31 are liquid (heat source water)
Piping 32 indicates a liquid tank. As shown in the figure, this solar heat storage device has heat storage units as described above arranged in a collective arrangement in an underground structure directly below an air-type solar heat collector 20 placed on the solar radiation surface of the earth's surface. It is. This assembly of heat storage units can be constructed by, for example, rotating the unit heat storage tank consisting of the eight heat storage units explained in FIG. 2 by 90 degrees from the state shown in FIG. The heat storage tanks Ui and Uj are stacked in the three-dimensional directions of top and bottom, left and right, and front and back, and air is allowed to flow horizontally through the unit heat storage tanks Ui and Uj.

First, to explain the flow of air in this heat storage device, during heat storage operation, the air discharged from the blower 22 is transferred from the air chamber 23 to the switching damper 24.
The air heated by the heat collector 20 flows in a meandering manner from the upper row of unit heat storage tanks to the lower row of unit heat storage tanks. After heating the heat storage material in the heat storage unit, the heat is finally sucked into the blower 22 again, and this cycle is repeated again. By continuing this heat storage operation, the heat storage material in the heat storage unit will melt, and most of the heat storage units will contain the molten heat storage material, especially in cases of strong solar radiation. Once the heat storage material has been melted, when the flow of the heat medium into the heat storage device is stopped, even if it partially begins to solidify, the inside of the device is maintained at a predetermined temperature by the heat generated. Most of it remains molten for a long period of time.

In the heat dissipation operation, the switching damper 24 may be operated to guide the air in the air chamber 23 toward the air supply port 25 and the air from the return air port 26 to flow into the pneumatic solar heat collector 20. As a result, the return air from the return air port 26 is heated by the heat of solidification of the heat storage material by passing through the unit heat storage tank using only the power of the blower 22, and is supplied from the air supply port 25 to a predetermined heat requesting side. . Note that during solar radiation in the winter or mid-season, heat storage and heat radiation can be performed simultaneously by adjusting the opening degree of the switching damper 24.

In addition, heat dissipation operation is performed by coil 4 of each heat storage unit.
This can also be done by passing water through (Figure 1). For example, a unit heat storage tank Ui is constructed by installing hollow pipes a to d, a to d, and CP as shown in Figure 2, and these pipes are connected between unit heat storage tanks to form a series of continuous pipes. Water piping and no,
Allow water to flow into the coil of each heat storage unit. Water in the tank 32 may be circulated through these pipes by the pump 33 and supplied from the hot water supply pipe 31 to the heat requesting side. This heat dissipation operation using water as a heat medium is more efficient than the aforementioned heat dissipation operation using air in that a large amount of recovered heat can be collected in a short time.

FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view of a device in which an auxiliary heat source device is further added to the solar heat storage device of FIG. 9.
As shown in the figure, a gas burner 40 and a combustion chamber 41 are provided in the air circulation path so that this combustion air can be fed into the air chamber 23. 1st
In Figure 0, 42 is a fuel gas cylinder, 43 is a gas pipe, and 24 ₁ to 24 ₆ are switching dampers, which can be used for heat storage operation using solar heat alone, heat storage operation using solar heat and burnt gas, and radiating heat from the heat storage unit. By controlling the opening of the dampers 24 1 to 24 6, the operation can be performed by controlling the opening degree of the dampers 24 ₁ to 24 ₆ , an operation in which combustion air is further mixed into the heat dissipation operation, an operation in which these operations are further combined, and an operation in which the heat storage tank is partially used. It was made possible to do so. The blower 22 and liquid piping are installed as in FIG. 9, and the same operation as in FIG. 9 can be performed except that an auxiliary heat source is appropriately introduced.

The heating and cooling system of the present invention is constructed by using the latent heat storage tank, which is an assembly of the pneumatic solar heat collector 20 and the heat storage unit as described above, as one element of its construction.

The overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention will be explained below with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is a system diagram illustrating the arrangement of each device used in the apparatus of the present invention for convenience of explanation. In FIG. 11, 60 and 61 are heat storage tanks made up of a group of heat storage units according to the present invention described in detail in sections 1 to 10, 60 is a heat storage tank for storing solar heat, and 61 is cooling waste heat. This is a heat storage tank for storing heat. In FIG. 11, the heat storage tanks 60 and 61 are shown as being divided into two parts, but in reality, they are constructed as one heat storage tank structure as shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, and the air passages are It may be used in a way that divides them into two groups.

In FIG. 11, 62 is an air conditioned space, 63 is an air conditioner, 64 is a heat source water coil in this air conditioner, 65 is also an air supply fan, 66 is a refrigerator, 2
0 indicates the air-type solar heat collector described above, and as shown in the figure, the air-type solar heat collector 20 and the heat storage tank 6
Air circulation paths 67 to 72 are formed between the heat storage tanks 60 and 61 and the air conditioner 63, and heat source water circulation paths 75 to 79 are formed between the heat storage tanks 60 and 61 and the air conditioner 63. A refrigerator 66 is installed in the units 79 to 79. In addition, 22 is a blower,
80 and 81 are air circuit switching dampers, 83 is a heat source water circulation pump, and 84 and 85 are heat source water circuit switching valves for switching between air conditioning and heating. Note that 25 is the same air supply port as in Figures 9 and 10, and 26 is the same return air port, which is for directly supplying hot air to the heat-requiring location, but in the device of the present invention, this is an additional air supply port. Most of the heat stored in the heat storage tank is recovered by the heat source water flowing through the coil 4 (FIG. 1) arranged in each heat storage unit.

The solar thermal storage operation, heating operation, and cooling operation (cooling exhaust heat storage operation) of the device of the present invention will be explained in order. The solar thermal storage operation is performed by driving the blower 22 and switching the air circuit switching dampers 80 and 81. This is done by forming a circulation path of pneumatic solar heat collector 20 → air path 70 → air path 71 → heat storage tank 60 → air path 68 → blower 22. Thereby, heat is stored in the heat storage material of each heat storage unit in the form of latent heat or sensible heat. When the time comes for heating, the air conditioner 63 is operated to supply the necessary warm air to the air-conditioned space 62. In this case, the coil 4 (the Figure 1)
A heat source water circuit is created to pass water through the coil 64 of the air conditioner 63 after passing water through it. That is, by driving the heat source water circulation pump 83 and switching the heat source water circuit switching valves 83 and 84, the flow of the water channel 76→coil 64→channel 77→channel 78→heat storage tank 60 (coil 4 of the heat storage unit)→channel 75 is performed. →Circulation pump 8
No. 3 heat source water circulation path is formed. As a result, the heat stored in the heat storage tank 60 is radiated by the coil 64, the warm air that received the heat is blown out into the air conditioned space 62 by the fan 63, and the return air is returned to the air conditioner 63 by the retan duct 87.

Cooling operation is performed by driving the refrigerator 66 to produce cold water, and at the same time, the exhaust heat from the refrigerator is stored in the heat storage material of each heat storage unit in the heat storage tank 61 in the form of latent heat or sensible heat. . That is, the refrigerator 66, the condensation pump 88, the circulation pump 8
3, and by switching the switching valves 83 and 84, a heat source water (cold water) circulation circuit is formed from the water channel 76 to the coil 64 to the water channel 77 to the water channel 79 to the refrigerator 66 to the circulation pump 83, and The refrigerator cooling water forms a circulation circuit of condensing pump 88 → heat storage tank 61 (coil 4 of the heat storage unit) → refrigerator 66.

If the amount of heat stored in this cooling exhaust heat becomes excessive, the air-type solar heat collector 20 may be used as a radiator to radiate heat to the atmosphere during the night or the like. That is, between the pneumatic solar heat collector 20 and the heat storage tank 61, a circulation path of air path 69 → blower 22 → air path 67 → heat collector 20 → air path 70 → air path 72 → heat storage tank 61 is formed. The blower 22 may be driven by switching the switching dampers 80 and 81 so that the change occurs.

On the other hand, if a situation arises in which the amount of heat stored by cooling waste heat is too small when heating is required, the heat storage tank 61 set aside for cooling waste heat can be used to store solar heat. conduct,
Optionally, this can also be used for heating purposes.

In this way, the heating and cooling device of the present invention provides the first to
By assembling a heat storage unit with gas passages and liquid passages as explained in Figure 10, a large amount of solar heat, especially in the form of latent heat, can be stored in the heat storage material with high heat exchange efficiency, and this heat can be stored by the time heating is required. It can be stored and recovered with extremely efficient heat exchange, and the cooling exhaust heat can also be used, making it extremely useful as an energy-saving heating and cooling device.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of a heat storage unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example in which one unit of heat storage tank is constituted by eight heat storage units, and Fig. 3 is a unit heat storage tank. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a support plate (buffle plate) used when constructing a unit heat storage tank, FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing the connection part of the heat storage unit, and FIG. The figure is a perspective view of a ring joint used in the connection part, FIG. 7 is a layout plan view showing another example of the arrangement of heat storage units, FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a collection of unit heat storage tanks, and FIG. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a device configuration of a pneumatic solar heat collector and a heat storage tank assembly, FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the device shown in FIG. 9, and FIG. 11 is a heating and cooling system of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an equipment layout system diagram showing an example of the overall configuration of the system. 1... Housing, 2... Lid, 3... Small cylinder (air passage), 4... Coil (heat source water passage), 7... Ring joint, 9... Support plate (buttful plate),
16...Air inlet chamber, 17...Air outlet chamber, 20...Pneumatic solar collector, 22
...Blower, 60, 61 ... Heat storage tank, 62 ... Air conditioned space, 63 ... Air conditioner, 66 ... Refrigerator,
67-72... Air circulation circuit, 75-79... Heat source water circulation circuit, 80, 81... Air circuit switching damper, 83... Heat source water circulation pump, 84, 85...
Heat source water circuit switching valve, Ui, Uj...Unit heat storage tank.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 An air circulation path is formed between the pneumatic solar heat collector and the storage tank, a heat source water circulation path is formed between the heat storage tank and the air conditioner, and a refrigerator is further interposed in this heat source water circulation path. , a heating and cooling device using solar heat that stores solar heat before the season when heating is required and cooling waste heat during cooling operation in the heat storage tank and uses this as a heating heat source, wherein the heat storage tank encapsulates a heat storage material. It consists of an aggregate of a large number of heat storage units, each of which is comprised of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by solar heat or cooling exhaust heat, and inside each of the containers, the air circulation path is A heating and cooling system using solar heat, which is formed with an air passage through which air or air that has received cooling exhaust heat flows, and a heat source water passage through which heat source water of the heat source water circulation path flows independently.