JPH0348437B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a heat storage unit for a heat storage device configured to store heat in the form of latent heat and sensible heat in a heat storage material and to extract this heat at any time.

Constructing a heat storage device using latent heat during melting or solidification of a substance is advantageous because the amount of heat storage per unit volume can be increased. Generally, such a heat storage device has a heat storage substance sealed in a closed container, and heat is exchanged with a heat transfer gas such as water or air through the wall of the container. When storing heat using such phase transformation, heat storage substances include various hydrated salts such as CaCl ₂ 6H ₂ O,
Na ₂ SO ₄ .10H ₂ O, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ .5H ₂ O, or a hydrous phosphate mixture such as Na ₂ HPO ₄ −
NaH ₂ PO ₄ -KH ₂ PO ₄ -H ₂ O, organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, or fats and oils such as paraffin have been proposed. The melting points of these substances are different, but if a substance with an appropriate melting point is selected according to the difference in heat receiving temperature, and the substance is sealed in a sealed container to store heat in the form of latent heat, a large amount of heat can be stored per unit volume. It is possible to repeat heat dissipation and heat storage many times.

However, even if the advantage of storing heat in the form of latent heat is known in principle, there are various problems in putting it into practical use. These problems can be divided into problems of metamorphosis and deterioration of the heat storage material itself and problems with the structure of the heat storage device. In the former case, metamorphosis and deterioration of the heat storage material can be virtually avoided if the heat storage material is completely enclosed in the container while avoiding air and water intrusion, but this complete encapsulation is not possible in large-scale heat storage containers on a practical scale. It is not easy to do this, and in this case, the efficiency of heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid is inevitably reduced. In the latter case, the problem is that it is not easy to construct a device that can efficiently respond to fluctuations in the amount of heat received for heat storage and fluctuations in the amount of heat required to be recovered when recovering the stored heat. .

The present invention has been made with the aim of solving the above-mentioned problems that have hindered the practical application of heat storage devices that utilize latent heat storage, and aims to standardize containers for enclosing heat storage materials. This purpose was achieved by dividing the system into small units and assembling them.

The present invention will be explained below according to embodiments shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows one of the basic types of the heat storage unit of the present invention.
It is a sectional view showing an example. In Figure 1,
Reference numeral 1 denotes a cylindrical case, and an upper cover 2 and a lower cover 2' are airtightly attached to the upper and lower sides of the case 1. A small cylinder 3 coaxial with the housing 1 is airtightly attached to the center of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 2', and a coil 4 is arranged so as to surround the small cylinder 3. One end of the coil 4 projects below the case 1, and the other end projects above the case 1.
The connection of the coil end to the coil is also kept airtight. 5
6 is a heat storage material injection port, and 6 is a heat storage material discharge port. After the heat storage material is filled, the injection port 5 and the discharge port 6 are kept blind. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing the heat transfer medium, that is, a small cylinder 3 and a coil 4, are formed in this container. As will be described later, this small cylinder 3 is used as a passage for a gas such as air to flow, and the coil 4 is used as a passage for a liquid such as water to flow. The heat storage unit shown in this figure is substantially symmetrical vertically and horizontally, and appears to have the same shape even if the position shown in the figure is turned upside down. The outlet of the small cylinder 3' in the heat storage unit is aligned with and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 3 shown by the solid line, and similarly the outlet and inlet of the coil 4 are connected by piping.

Note that the entire container is constructed using a material with good thermal conductivity (typically a metal plate), and therefore the outer peripheral surface of the container, the surfaces of the upper lid 2, lower lid 2', and small cylinder 3. forms a heat exchange surface between the internal heat storage material and the external ambient atmosphere.

Figure 2 shows a state in which eight heat storage units in Figure 1 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank, and Figure 3 shows a state in which one unit of heat storage tank made up of these eight heat storage units is further assembled. are shown diagrammatically.

As shown in Figure 2, one unit of heat storage tank consists of four vertical hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and these hollow pipes a to b, b to c, and c.
In a framework consisting of four vertical hollow pipes I to D placed on the center sides between ~d and d~a, and one vertical hollow pipe CP located in the center,
It consists of eight heat storage units housed in two stages. Among these hollow pipes, the peripheral ones except for the central pipe CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when one unit of heat storage tanks is assembled next to each other.

This state is as shown in the planar arrangement of Fig. 3.
Corner pipes a to d in unit heat storage tank (Ui)
However, in a certain direction (vertical direction in the figure), it is shared as a corner pipe of an adjacent unit heat storage tank, but in a certain direction (in the left/right direction in the figure), it is shared as a corner pipe of an adjacent unit heat storage tank. shared as .
And all of these pipes (a~d, i~
In addition to serving as a support for assembling and fixing the heat storage units, the CD) serves to connect the coils 4 (Fig. 1) arranged inside each heat storage unit to each other and circulate the heat medium fluid. It is designed to function as a heat transfer pipe. In each unit heat storage tank, each pipe is positioned relative to each other using a total of three horizontal support plates 7 (top, middle, and bottom) as shown in FIG. With the support plates, the eight heat storage units become four cylinders stacked two each along the axis, and these four cylinders constitute one unit of heat storage tank. By being stacked along this axis, the small cylinders 3 (FIG. 1) are aligned and connected to each other, through which the heat transfer gas is passed.

The heat medium liquid flows through each hollow pipe a to d, i to
D. The heat is circulated to the coils of each heat storage unit using the CP, and this connection relationship is shown by the arrows in the planar arrangement of FIG. For example, Ui in Figure 3
Regarding the unit heat storage tank, the four units in the upper stage and the four units in the lower stage are similarly connected to the central pipe CP so that the heat medium liquid flows out from each internal coil, and the pipes on the sides are and (b) are connected such that a heat transfer liquid flows into each internal coil. On the other hand, in the unit heat storage tank to the right of this Ui, the connection with the center pipe CP is the same as in Ui, but in Ui, the pipes that functioned as corner pipes (a to d) are now connected to the side pipes ( (i) to (d), and the heat transfer liquid will now flow in. In other words, by shifting one heat storage unit adjacent to the unit heat storage tank, pipes that are not used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank can be used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank. When viewed individually as a unit heat storage tank, the connection position between each pipe and the coil in each unit can remain unchanged. By maintaining this unchanging connection relationship, unit heat storage tanks can be assembled infinitely, and in reality,
The degree of this aggregation can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the heat capacity for heat reception or heat radiation. In addition, in the case of this set, in addition to the planar expansion as shown in FIG. 3, connection in the vertical direction is also optional, and a heat storage tank structure having an arbitrary three-dimensional structure can be constructed. In the constructed heat storage tank, if the heat medium gas is made to pass through the small cylinder of each heat storage unit and also through the gap between each heat storage unit, that is, the outside of the housing 1, each heat storage The heat storage material within the heat exchanger unit has a further increased heat exchange area with the heat transfer gas, and its heat exchange efficiency is improved. In actual operation, it is preferable to use the heat medium gas for heat storage and the heat medium liquid passed through the coil for heat radiation, but the opposite operation may be performed depending on the case.

Below, other ways of using the heat storage unit of the present invention and other examples of shapes and structures will be shown.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a ring joint 9 is used to vertically stack heat storage units.
As shown in FIG. 6, this ring joint 9 has an opening 10 through which gas passes between the upper and lower rings 11 and 12.
and 12, fit the ends of the heat storage units to be stacked. Then, the support plate 7 shown in FIG. 4 is supported at the center of this ring joint 9. Reference numeral 13 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 7. If this support plate 7 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when stacking the heat storage units, a portion of the gas flowing from one small cylinder to the other will flow out through the openings 10 to the outside of the housing. However, conversely, the gas flowing outside the housing collides with the support plate 7 (this support plate 7 functions as a buffer plate), and an air flow is generated that flows into the small cylinder from this opening 10. , the airflow flows through the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the housing while being mixed, and heat exchange between this gas and the heat storage material is effectively performed over the entire area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit.

FIG. 7 is a plan layout diagram in which the heat storage unit of FIG. 1 is arranged in the most compact manner. In this case, two vertical pipes 14 and 15 are used for one regenerator unit, one of which is an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coils in the regenerator unit;
The other is used as an outflow tube for the heat transfer liquid to flow out of the coil. When stacking in the vertical direction, they are stacked while maintaining the arrangement shown in Figure 7, but the pipe that is the outflow pipe in the heat storage unit one level below can be connected as an outflow pipe. good. That is, the coils of each longitudinal regenerator unit may be connected to the pipes 14 and 15 in series. Whether to connect in series or in parallel is determined by the heat receiving capacity, the amount of heat medium fluid, and the type and amount of heat storage material. In this lamination, it is also possible to use a ring joint as shown in FIG. 6, and it is also possible to flow the heat transfer gas to the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the housing. However, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, the gaps between the heat accumulator units are smaller than in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, so it is not necessarily necessary to use the buffle plate as shown in FIG. 4.

Figures 8 to 12 show examples of heat storage units with square (rectangular parallelepiped) external shapes.
It has a shape and size similar to that of a can commonly known as a one-ton can. Figure 8 shows one small cylinder 3 attached to the longitudinal center of this rectangular parallelepiped case 1, and Figure 9 shows one in which four small cylinders 3 are attached parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction. . The heat storage material is sealed around a small cylinder 3 in the case 1, and by passing a heat medium fluid such as air through the small cylinder penetrating the case 1 in the longitudinal direction, the heat medium fluid and the heat storage material are separated. Heat exchange takes place. In each of FIGS. 8 and 9, a heat storage tank of a desired capacity can be constructed by assembling the same type of heat storage tanks adjacently so that the small cylinders are connected. 10th
The figure shows two independent curved passages provided in the housing 1, and these passages are designed to cover the entire area of the heat storage material sealed in the housing 1, as well as an inlet and an outlet for the heat transfer fluid. This is an example of consolidating on one side.
That is, in Figure 10, 16 ₁ and 16 ₂ are 1
The entrances and exits 17 ₁ and 17 ₂ of one passage are the exits of the other passage, and these four ports are all concentrated on one side of the housing 1 . Figure 11 shows the first
An example in which one bent passage similar to that shown in Figure 0 is combined with a small cylinder 3 similar to that shown in Figure 8. Figure 12 shows one bent passage similar to that shown in Figure 10, and four bent passages similar to that shown in Figure 9. An example of a combination with a small cylinder 3 is shown. 1st
In FIGS. 0 to 12, it is preferable that the bent passages pass a liquid heat medium and the small cylinders pass a gas heat medium.

The items in Figures 8 to 12 can be stacked by connecting the same type of items by connecting the outlet of the heating medium passage to the entrance of the heating medium passage of another, but only single items can be used. You can also.
When used alone, it serves as a heat transfer container that can transport heat.

FIG. 13 shows an example of a heat storage device in which the heat storage units of the present invention are assembled, where 20 is an air type solar heat collector, 21 is an underground structure wall, and 22 is a heat storage device in which the heat storage units of the present invention are assembled. connected thermal storage tank structure,
23 is a blower, 24 is a switching damper, 25 is an air supply nozzle, 26 is a return air intake port, and 27 is an auxiliary heat source device, and the air that enters the heat storage device from the return air intake port 26 or the heat storage tank structure. Circulating air from the body 22 flows through the solar heat collector 20 and the heat storage tank structure 22.
As air is circulated through the solar cells, solar heat is stored as latent heat in the heat storage material of each heat storage unit. This stored heat is transmitted to the required load by switching the air flow path toward the air supply nozzle 25 by operating the switching damper 24. FIG. 14 shows an example in which this stored heat is used as a heating heat source for the building 25. That is, a duct is provided that leads from the air supply nozzle 25 to air outlets 29 provided at various locations within the building 28, and air heated by the heat stored in the heat storage structure is blown out from the air outlet 29. This return air is returned to the heat storage device through the suction port 30. According to this device, a large amount of heat can be stored in the form of solar heat and latent heat in the heat storage material for several months, and the solar heat stored in the summer or intermediate seasons can be used for heating in the winter.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of a heat storage unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example in which one unit of heat storage tank is constituted by eight heat storage units, and Fig. 3 is a unit heat storage tank. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a support plate (buffle plate) used when constructing a unit heat storage tank, FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing the connection part of the heat storage unit, and FIG. The figure is a perspective view of a ring joint used in the connection part, Figure 7 is a layout plan view showing another example of the arrangement of the heat storage unit, and Figures 8 to 12 are of a heat storage unit with a rectangular outer shape. FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a heat storage device constructed by a collection of heat storage units of the present invention, and FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing an example of the heat storage device of the present invention. It is an equipment arrangement system diagram. 1... Housing, 2... Lid, 3... Small cylinder (heat medium gas passage), 4... Coil (heat medium liquid passage), 7...
Support plate (full plate), 9...Ring joint.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Form a passage for flowing a heat medium gas and a passage for flowing a heat medium liquid in a container sealed with a heat storage material, and connect the outlet of the passage for flowing the heat medium gas to the heat medium gas of the other container of the same type. A heat storage unit connected to an inlet of a flow passage and stacked in a heat storage tank of a required capacity, the container being entirely made of a material with good thermal conductivity, and the heat transfer gas flowing through the heat storage tank. A heat accumulator unit in which a passageway for passing through the vessel is a small cylinder extending through the vessel along the axis of the vessel, and a passageway for flowing a heat transfer liquid is a coil.