JPH0214482B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to improvements in a method and device for automatically performing road shoulder concrete, sidewalks, concrete seals, etc., and allows for slight manual construction even when obstacles such as guard posts are installed. This invention relates to an automatic concrete forming method and device that enables most parts to be machined by simply performing concrete forming.

Devices for automatically forming road shoulder concrete, sidewalks, and side gutters are known.

The known automatic forming apparatus is of a movable vehicle type, and a fresh concrete charging hopper is provided on the vehicle platform, and the fresh concrete is charged into the formwork from the hopper. The shape of the formwork is the cross-sectional shape of roadside concrete, etc., and the poured fresh concrete is molded into the specified shape.

However, the known automatic concrete forming method and apparatus have the following drawbacks.

When a formwork installed on a vehicle moves forward, it cannot move forward if there is an obstacle such as a guard post in its advancing position. For this reason, construction can only be carried out in areas where there are no obstacles.

If the distance between the obstacles is long, it may be possible to construct only those distances by machine, and manually construct only the front and rear of the obstacles, but in cases where there are many installed at short intervals, such as guard posts, this is rarely the case. Mechanical construction is not possible.

In addition, when conventional automatic concrete forming equipment is used to mechanically construct the intermediate part of the obstacle and hand-concrete the front and back of the obstacle, the area for hand-concrete construction becomes too large, resulting in high costs, increased work time, and the need for more workers. This will require an increase in

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a molding method and apparatus in which when an obstacle is encountered during automatic concrete molding, the formwork can be displaced to bypass the obstacle.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to the drawings.

1 and 2 are a plan view and a side view showing an example of a conventional automatic concrete forming apparatus.

Although the illustrated automatic concrete forming apparatus is shown as a wheeled vehicle, it could also be tracked.

The chassis 1 moves in the direction indicated by the arrow P in the figure using the front and rear wheels 2.

Mixed fresh concrete is shot 3
is dropped onto the spiral conveyor 4, transferred on the spiral conveyor 4, and dropped into the falling hopper 5.
will be transferred to.

The ready-mixed concrete put into the falling hopper 5 is put into a formwork for ready-mixed concrete (6 in FIG. 3, which will be described later), which is provided at the bottom of the falling hopper 5.
The shape of both sides is determined by the formwork 6.

Next, when the chassis 1 moves in the direction P, fresh concrete is formed by the both side walls and the top wall of the finishing formwork (7 in Figure 3, which will be described later), and the concrete is automatically paved as shown in K in the figure. .

A in Fig. 3 is a front view showing an example of the formwork;
B is a sectional view taken along line AA in A. The formwork 6 into which the fresh concrete is first poured is continuous with the formwork 7 having an external shape to be formed and finished, and the external form of the formwork 7 is gradually reduced to the final shape, and the final end 7l is the final shape. It is becoming.

Fresh concrete dropped from the falling hopper (5 in Figures 1 and 2) is deposited as shown in M in the figure. Since the formworks 6 and 7 move in the P direction of B, M is formed by 7 and completely finished at 7l.

In the above-mentioned known automatic concrete forming apparatus, the formworks 6 and 7 are fixed, and when the position of the formworks is to be changed, the entire chassis 1 must be moved.

Now, when constructing concrete on roads, there are places where there are obstacles such as guard posts. In such a case, automatic mechanical construction is impossible with the above-mentioned known apparatus.

In such cases, the vehicle has to be bypassed by turning the steering wheel, but since the work is connected to a ready-mixed concrete truck, belt conveyor, etc., there is a loss of working time and the labor involved in reconnecting, resulting in high costs. .

In addition, in the case of bypassing, there will be unfinished construction areas before and after the guard post by an amount corresponding to the length of the formworks 6 and 7 in the advancing direction. In the end, construction work will be done by hand, which will result in higher costs.

To explain this with reference to Fig. 4, in front of the guard post 8, the finishing process is completed even though the process of pouring fresh concrete by _H1 , which corresponds to the length of the formworks 6 and 7 in the advancing direction, is completed. There will be some places where there is no. Furthermore, when starting construction after bypassing the guard post 8, a length corresponding to the length of the formwork 7' (often including a part of the formwork 6') in the advancing direction is added.
Only H ₂ will require late construction.

Although it is desirable to completely eliminate the above (H ₁ +H ₂ ), it is difficult and expensive to implement. Note that here, the width of (H ₁ + H ₂ ) plus the outer diameter of the guard post 8 is officially the final construction area, but the width of the guard post 8 has been omitted.

In the present invention, the above (H ₁ +
_H2 ) as much as possible, thereby reducing the need for manual construction even if there are obstacles such as guard posts, and enabling concrete construction to be performed at low cost and in a short time.

In order to concrete-seal the roadside where the guard posts are installed, the formworks 6 and 7 only need to have frame portions 9 through which the guard posts 8 pass, as shown in FIG. That is, even if the formworks 6 and 7 advance and face the guard post 8, there is no need for a bypass because the guard post 8 passes through the frame portion 9 erected on the formworks 6 and 7.

However, in the formworks 6 and 7 shown in FIG. 5, a construction portion _H3 corresponding to the width of the guard post 8 is formed.

This unfinished portion _H3 , which extends linearly in the direction of travel, has to be manually constructed, which requires considerable work cost and time, and is ultimately not sufficient. Additionally, this method has drawbacks such as height restrictions and inability to use obstacles other than guard posts.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, it was decided to expand and contract the formworks 6 and 7 in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the direction of movement P.

That is, when the formworks 6 and 7 face the guard post 8, they contract in the _Q1 direction in the figure, move the formworks 6 and 7 to the outside of the position of the guard post 8 in the direction of the vehicle, and then pass the guard post 8. Figure Q ₂
It stretches like this. During this time, the formworks 6 and 7 are moving in the P direction, but the movement may be intermittent or continuous.

In the method shown in FIG. 6, the construction finish is the same as that shown in FIG. 4. That is, (H ₁ + H ₂ )
At the end of the process, there is a part to be constructed, which must be constructed by hand. However, in the method shown in Fig. 4, the vehicle itself must be bypassed, whereas in the method shown in Fig. 6, only the formworks 6 and 7 need be bypassed for expansion and contraction, resulting in better workability. .

In addition to the method shown in FIG. 6, the method shown in FIG. 7 is also effective because it does not require bypassing the vehicle itself.

The one in FIG. 7 has a structure in which the formworks 6 and 7 rise and fall around an axis 10, and when the formworks 6 and 7 face the guard post 8, they stand up and move the formworks 6 and 7 to the guard post 8. It is designed to be moved to the outside in the direction of the vehicle from the position of , and then laid down when it passes.

In the method shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 above, the displacement format is divided into horizontal expansion and contraction, vertical up and down, and circular arc direction undulating motion, but the forms 6 and 7 are displaced separately from the chassis. They agree on points.

As shown in Fig. 4, in each of the above displacement methods, a construction part occurs at the end of (H ₁ + H ₂ ), and depending on the type of formwork 6 and 7, the length in the advancing direction (H ₁ + H ₂ ) becomes longer. In the end, it becomes no different from hand-built construction.

Therefore, the challenge is how to reduce the area of manual construction before and after the guard post.

In addition, in the above-mentioned displacement method, depending on the shape of the concrete to be formed and finished, it may not be possible to expand and contract or to raise or lower the concrete. That is, if the formwork 7 has a shape that can be pulled out, it can be expanded and contracted, moved up and down, and raised and lowered, but if the formwork 7 cannot be pulled out in the direction of movement, the above-mentioned displacement method may not be applicable.

Furthermore, even if it cannot be pulled out, it may be possible to pull it out through a combination of expansion/contraction, up/down, and up-and-down movements. The present invention also includes combined displacement movements.

In the following explanation, it will be explained as flat pavement,
It is clear that the present invention includes pavement shapes within the scope of the invention.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be illustrated with respect to the formwork portion in FIG. 8.

Referring to FIG. 8, a formwork 6 into which fresh concrete is poured and a finishing formwork 7 are each divided, and the finishing formwork 7 is further divided into a first formwork 7 ₁ and a second formwork 7 1 . It is divided into a formwork ₇₂ and a third formwork ₇₃ . Therefore, the entire formwork is divided into the formwork 6, the first formwork 7 ₁ and the second formwork.
The formwork 7 ₂ and the third formwork 7 ₃ are divided into four parts, and each of the formworks 6, _{7 1} , 7 ₂ , 7 ₃ can be expanded and contracted alternately on a horizontal plane perpendicular to the direction of movement P. These expansion and contraction operations are performed by applying hydraulic pressure to the cylinder 11.

Its action is shown in Figure 9.

First, when the formwork 6 faces the guard post 8 as shown in A, only the formwork 6 shrinks and becomes as shown in B.

Next, as the entire formwork advances and the first formwork ₇₁ faces the guard post 8 as shown in C, the first formwork ₇₁ also shrinks and the formwork 6 and the first formwork ₇₁ as shown in D Both of them are in a contracted state.

As the entire formwork progresses further, the formwork 6
extends and begins pouring fresh concrete. In this case, the operation of the cylinder 11 is controlled so that the formwork 6 extends immediately behind the guard post 8 as much as possible.

Subsequently, the guard post 8 faces the second formwork ₇₂ . Then, the second formwork ₇₂ shrinks and becomes the state shown below. In state F, the first formwork 7 ₁ and the second formwork 7 ₂ are contracted.

Subsequently, the first formwork ₇₁ is expanded to the state shown in FIG.

Subsequently, the third formwork ₇₃ faces the guard post 8 and contracts, resulting in a shape similar to that shown in FIG.

Subsequently, the third formwork ₇₃ shrinks and advances, and the second formwork ₇₂ expands to become as shown.

Proceeding further, the third formwork ₇₃ expands and becomes like a square. This condition shows that concrete can be sufficiently poured from the immediate vicinity of the guard post.

In this way, the robot passes through the guard post 8 and performs normal operations until it reaches the next guard post position.

All of the above actions are performed by the operation of the cylinder 11 shown in FIG.
The operation of is controlled by the following electro-hydraulic circuit.

First, referring to FIG. 10, the cylinder 11 is
11 ₁ is the one provided in the formwork 6, 11 ₂ is the formwork 7 ₁ , 11 ₃ is the formwork 7 ₂ , and 11 ₄ is the one provided in the formwork 7 ₃ .

The oil in the oil tank 12 is sucked up by the pump 13, and the solenoid valves 14 ₁ , 14 ₂ , 14 ₃ ,
Cylinders 11 ₁ , 11 ₂ , 11 ₃ , 1 via 14 ₄
1 Feed to ₄ .

Each electromagnetic valve 14 sends the oil pressurized by the pump 13 to the protrusion side or contraction side of each cylinder 11 on the one hand, and returns the oil in each cylinder 11 to the oil tank 12 on the other hand.

Assume now that all cylinders 11 are on the protruding side. Then, in order to contract the cylinder 11 ₁ , the solenoid valve 14 ₁ is switched to supply oil to the port 15 on the contraction side of the cylinder 11 ₁ . Then, the piston 16 of the cylinder 14 ₁ is pushed downward in the figure. On the other hand, oil is discharged from the port 17 on the protruding side of the cylinder 11 ₁ and returned to the oil tank 12 via the solenoid valve 14 ₁ .

The above-mentioned operation is exactly the same for the cylinder 11 ₂ and the solenoid valve 14 ₂ , the cylinder 11 ₃ and the solenoid valve 14 ₃ , and the cylinder 11 ₄ and the solenoid valve 14 ₄ , so the explanation will be omitted.

By carrying out each of the above-mentioned operations, the operations shown in FIG. 9 are performed, but in order to perform these operations, each electromagnetic valve 14 must be switched over time.

An example of a limit switch configuration for this purpose is shown in the first section.
Shown in Figure 1.

A first limit switch 18 ₁ immediately before the formwork 6,
Immediately before the formwork 7 ₁ is a second limit switch 18 ₂ ,
Immediately after entering the formwork 7 ₁ , a third limit switch 18 ₃ is provided, and similarly, fourth limit switches 18 ₄ to eighth limit switches 18 ₈ are provided as shown in the figure, and the respective limit switches 18 ₁ to 18 ₈ are provided.
A detection bar 19 is provided in a protruding manner. Detection bar 1
The length 9 is such that it can come into contact with the guard post 8.

The first limit switch 18 ₁ and the third limit switch 18 ₃ are connected to the solenoid valve 14 ₁ , and the first limit switch 18 ₁ is connected to the cylinder 1
1 ₁ is retracted, and the third limit switch 18 ₃ extends the cylinder 11 ₁ .

The second limit switch ₁₈₂ and the fifth limit switch ₁₈₅ are connected to the solenoid valve ₁₄₂ , and the second limit switch ₁₈₂ is connected to the cylinder 1.
1 ₂ and the fifth limit switch 18 ₅ extends the cylinder 11 ₂ .

The fourth limit switch ₁₈₄ and the seventh limit switch ₁₈₇ are connected to the solenoid valve ₁₄₃ , and the fourth limit switch ₁₈₄ is connected to the cylinder 1.
1 ₃ and the seventh limit switch 18 ₇ extends the cylinder 11 ₃ .

The sixth limit switch ₁₈₆ and the eighth limit switch ₁₈₈ are connected to the solenoid valve ₁₄₄ , the sixth limit switch ₁₈₆ retracts the cylinder ₁₁₄ , and the eighth limit switch ₁₈₈ extends the cylinder _114. .

In the circuits shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various design changes can be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and these are also included in the present invention. be.

For example, in addition to hydraulic circuits, various fluid and mechanical operations such as pneumatics, electric motors, link mechanisms, etc. can be applied. Further, as for the limit switch, a photoelectric type, a sonic type, etc. may be adopted.

As explained above, according to the present invention, the following remarkable effects are achieved.

As can be seen from the explanation of FIG. 9, since the formwork is divided into two or more parts, the construction length immediately before and after the guard post is shortened, and less manual construction is required.

At least the fresh concrete casting form does not need to be divided, and the finishing formwork can be divided as necessary. The more divisions there are, the shorter the construction and length will be.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view showing an example of a conventional automatic concrete forming method and device, Fig. 2 is a left side view of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 A is a front view showing an example of a conventional formwork. In Fig. 3, B is a sectional view taken along line A-A in A, Fig. 4 is a drawing showing construction using a conventional formwork, Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing a formwork for passing the guard post, and Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the present invention. Schematic plan view showing an example of a displacement method, seventh
The figure is a sectional view showing another displacement method, FIG. 8 is a plan view of a formwork according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG.
10 is a diagram showing an embodiment of the hydraulic system of the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of a control system for a solenoid valve in the hydraulic system.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An automatic concrete forming method in which ready-mixed concrete is dropped into a formwork provided on the side of a vehicle, and as the vehicle advances, the poured ready-mixed concrete is finished into a predetermined external shape. The formwork is divided into at least two or more parts, and when each divided formwork faces an obstacle such as a guard post, it contracts outward in the direction of the vehicle from the position of the obstacle,
By stretching when passing the obstacle,
An automatic concrete forming method characterized by reducing the unconstructed length before and after an obstacle. 2. In claim 1, the formwork is divided into a formwork into which the ready-mixed concrete is poured and a formwork which forms and finishes the poured ready-mixed concrete,
This automatic concrete forming method is characterized by the two formworks contracting and expanding alternately. 3. An automatic concrete forming method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cast formwork for forming and finishing the fresh concrete is divided into two or more parts and alternately contracted and expanded. 4. In an automatic concrete forming device that dumps ready-mixed concrete into a formwork provided on the side of a vehicle, and finishes the poured ready-mixed concrete into a predetermined external shape as the vehicle advances, the formwork is placed in the direction of vehicle travel. 2 that can be expanded and contracted in the horizontal direction orthogonal to
The formwork is divided into the above parts, a means for detecting that each of the divided formworks faces an obstacle such as a guard post, and a means for detecting that the formwork faces an obstacle such as a guard post. A contracting means for moving the guard post to the outside in the direction of the vehicle, a means for detecting that each of the divided formworks has passed the obstacle, and a means for detecting that the divided formwork has passed. 1. An automatic concrete forming device comprising: a formwork extension means for forming a formwork; 5 In claim 4, the formwork consists of two types: a formwork into which ready-mixed concrete is poured, and a formwork that finishes the poured ready-mixed concrete into a predetermined external shape.
Automatic concrete forming equipment characterized by being split. 6. An automatic concrete forming apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a formwork for forming and finishing the poured ready-mixed concrete into a predetermined external shape is divided into two or more parts. 7. In an automatic concrete forming method in which ready-mixed concrete is dropped into a formwork provided on the side of a vehicle, and the ready-mixed concrete is finished into a predetermined shape as the vehicle advances, said formwork is divided into at least two or more forms. Divided, and when each divided formwork faces an obstacle such as a guard post, it stands up in an arc to a position outward in the vehicle direction from the position of the guard post, and when it passes the obstacle, it lies down. An automatic concrete forming method characterized by reducing the unconstructed length before and after an obstacle.