JPH0215600B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] <Industrial Application Field> The present invention relates to a soil conditioner that improves water retention capacity, air retention capacity, etc. by being mixed into soil.
While using slug wool, which is normally used as a water retention agent, the alkaline content of slug wool is gradually supplied into the soil to prevent the soil from becoming acidic, thereby eliminating the sudden addition of alkaline content. To provide something that can promote the smooth growth of plants by purifying soil and moving and replacing moisture.

<Prior art> In general, Japan has a warm climate and a lot of rainfall, so
Bases, especially lime, are severely depleted and the soil tends to become acidic.

However, plants are generally neutral to slightly acidic,
Since it grows well in slightly alkaline conditions, it is necessary to fertilize acidic soil with alkaline content to improve it to near neutrality.

On the other hand, slag, which is produced as a byproduct in the blast furnace during iron and steel manufacturing, contains CaO, MgO,
It is a silicate mineral whose main components are K ₂ O, SiO ₂ , P ₂ O ₅ , etc. Slug wool, which is processed into wool, has 40% alkali content such as CaO, MgO, K ₂ O, etc.
It becomes a suitable soil improvement agent containing the above.

That is, the above-mentioned alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxides are contained in slag wool in the form of crystals, but when they are hydrolyzed, Ca(OH) ₂ ,
It converts into hydroxides such as Mg(OH) ₂ and KOH, and reacts with acids in the soil, such as H ⁺ , to neutralize them, and at the same time removes lime, magnesia, and phosphorus, which tend to be deficient in acidic soils. It replenishes nutrients such as nutrients.

Moreover, slag wool is fibrous,
Because it adsorbs water using the electric attraction and surface tension of the pores between the fiber layers, it has a rich water-holding capacity and can extend the number of days it takes for plants to reach the withering point.Furthermore, it also absorbs water from the subsoil through capillary force. Can be replenished.

Furthermore, the interaction between the electric charges in the pores of slug wool and soil colloid particles can aggregate soil particles and improve the water permeability and air permeability of the soil.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> However, as mentioned above, slag wool contains a large amount of alkaline content, and when mixed directly with soil, Ca, Mg, and K content are leached out all at once, causing damage to the roots of plants. In other words, it becomes a state in which a concentrated fertilizer is suddenly applied, which exceeds the soil's ability to adjust, causing a kind of dehydration and destruction of root cells and internal plant cells, and causing fertilizer application, which in turn causes alkali burn and root damage. This causes a loss of vitality.

In addition, although slug wool increases its water retention capacity by adsorbing water within its pores, if water supply is cut off for a long period of time, there is little movement or replacement of water, and it does not have a water purification function, resulting in water rot and root rot. A fear arises.

Moreover, the air space held between the soil particles mixed with Slug wool cannot maintain a dynamic state as well, and when metabolites and waste products excreted from the roots of plants accumulate in the soil, this air space becomes The cleanliness gradually deteriorates and the ability to supply oxygen to plants becomes extremely poor.

<Means for Solving the Problems> The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by gently applying alkaline content eluted from slag wool to the roots, and removing metabolites and wastes excreted from the roots. It was proposed for the purpose of purifying objects and further maintaining the water and air retaining properties of the water adsorbed in the slug wool.To achieve this purpose, it is constructed as follows.

That is, in a soil conditioner that supplies alkaline content to the soil using slug wool, a weakly acidic or weakly basic ion exchanger based on an inorganic or organic porous material is physically mixed with slug wool. This is what I did.

The slag wool used here is fibrous,
More preferably, it is flocculent and can adsorb capillary water in the pores between the fiber layers.
It swells to about 10 times its size and becomes a water ball, so to speak, and can continuously supply capillary water to the roots of plants.

In addition, Slug wool can adsorb the air necessary for plants within its pores, and the electric charge contained in the pores promotes the agglomeration of soil particles.

Moreover, as mentioned above, its composition is CaO,
Consists of crystal systems such as MgO, K ₂ O, SiO ₂ , P ₂ O ₅ , etc.
Through hydrolysis, each becomes a corresponding hydroxide, supplying fertilizing components (mainly the cationic portion of the hydroxide) such as lime, magnesia, and phosphorus necessary for plant growth, as well as the anionic portion thereof. neutralizes acidic soils.

On the other hand, the ion exchanger is based on a porous material such as a foamed synthetic resin made by crosslinking polystyrene with divinylbenzene, a porous inorganic mineral such as vermiculite or zeolite, or a porous organic material such as diatomaceous earth or phosphate rock. It is manufactured by bonding polymers with various ionic functional groups to this material.

In this case, since the pores of the porous body have various sizes, when the pores of the ion exchange polymer are combined, the pore size distribution range is wide ranging from 0.1 mμ to 1 mm.

Further, porous inorganic minerals such as vermiculite and zeolite are said to have some cation-based ion exchange ability by themselves.

As the ionic functional group, if a carboxyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a phenol group, a thiol group, etc. are selected, it becomes a weakly acidic cation exchanger (general formula RA ^- H ⁺ ), and the first to If a tertiary amine or the like is selected, it becomes a weakly basic anion exchanger (general formula: RNH ₂ ⁺ OH ^- ), but other amphoteric ion exchangers may also be used.

<Function> Among the silicate minerals that make up slag wool, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal oxide crystals are hydrolyzed to form Ca(OH) ₂ and Mg.
(OH) ₂ becomes KOH, etc. and is released.

However, when weakly acidic or weakly basic ion exchangers coexist in the soil, the cation exchanger (RA ^- H ⁺ ) or the cationic part of the amphoteric ion exchanger is in chemical equilibrium with the above hydroxide. It exerts a kind of buffering effect and adjusts the concentration of hydroxide.

RA ^- H ⁺ +K ⁺ OH ^- RA ^- K ⁺ +H ₂ O ...(1) In other words, when the alkaline content (hydroxide) hydrolyzed by moderate water sprinkling is released all at once from slag wool, it becomes a cation exchanger. adsorbs hydroxides (the reaction progresses to the right in equation (1)) and reduces its concentration.Conversely, when the alkaline concentration in the soil decreases due to absorption by plants and large amounts of rainfall and watering, , the alkali is desorbed (the reaction progresses to the left in equation (1))
increase its concentration.

In addition, when a weakly basic anion exchanger is used as an ion exchanger, for example, an ion exchanger with a secondary amine as a functional group has nitrogen nitrate, phosphate ion, chloride ion, etc. in the polyamine group during the manufacturing process. Since the anion exchanger is weakly basic, it is easy to remove these as ions, and these are released as nitrate ions, phosphate ions, and chloride ions, and by reacting with alkaline components, the alkaline concentration in the soil is reduced. It works to lower it.

Therefore, the coexistence of an ion exchanger prevents concentrated alkaline content from acting rapidly on the roots and causing alkali burn, and at the same time prevents concentrated fertilizing substances such as lime and magnesium from acting rapidly on the roots. It is possible to maintain the smooth growth of plants by gradually supplying water and the fertilizing components to the roots without causing a kind of dehydration destruction of cells and cells within the plant and causing fertilization.

On the other hand, anion exchangers are based on inorganic or organic porous materials, and because the pores are spread over a wide range, they have an activated carbon-like effect.
Due to the synergistic effect of ion exchange, it is possible to adsorb not only low-molecular-weight ions but also colloidal metabolites and waste products such as root acids excreted from the roots of plants, keeping the soil clean at all times. Can be done.

Furthermore, ion exchangers exchange surrounding cations, anions such as root acids, and charged atomic groups (carbonium ions, carbanions, etc.) with their own cations or anions. , it is easier to adsorb waste products, and at the same time, it also releases water molecules into the soil in exchange.

As a result, moisture, air, etc. held in the pores of slug wool are always maintained in a dynamic state due to the oxidation and reduction effects of the ion exchanger, and the slug wool adsorbs water molecules exchanged by the ion exchanger. Since the water content is renewed, the water purification function can be maintained at all times.

<Example> Hereinafter, an example in which the present soil conditioner was added to soil and the growth status of plants was observed will be shown in comparison with a comparative example in which only slag wool was added to the soil.

Figure 1 shows this example in a flowerpot for young seedlings (2.5~
This is a vertical cross-sectional front view of a pot (No. 3 pot), in which 5 g of cotton-like slag wool, 2 g of porous ion exchanger (1 g of vermiculite with a carboxyl group introduced as an ionic functional group), and 1 g of vermiculite with a carboxyl group introduced as an ionic functional group. Soil conditioner 1 which is physically mixed with 1g of secondary amine-introduced
It is housed in a bag-like body 2 made of polypropylene and made of a non-woven fabric having moisture permeability and air permeability, and this bag-like body 2 is placed on the bottom surface 4 of a flower pot 3 so as to face the drain hole 5.

Then, gardening soil 6, which is sandy soil or field soil mixed with an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer, is layered above this bag-like body 2, and after planting Peperomia seedlings 7 in the gardening soil 6, the moisture level is 50 c.c. When the soil conditioner 1 was supplied once a day and absorbed into the soil conditioner 1, the plants continued to grow normally.

Therefore, after that, water supply was cut off and changes in the plants over time were observed, and even after 6 days without water supply, the plants continued to grow without any change.

In addition, the roots in the soil were good, and no defoliation, water rot, or root rot was observed yet.

Comparative Example Only 5 g of slag wool was stored in the above-mentioned air-permeable, moisture-permeable bag-like body, and the same operations as in the above example were performed. Peperomia seedlings were planted in flowerpots and watered once a day. When the plants were supplied at a ratio of (i.e., water supply was also under the same conditions as in the above example), the growth of the plants was poor, and after 6 days, the roots began to wither and the leaves began to turn yellow.

Therefore, the effects of this example will be described in comparison with comparative examples as follows.

(1) In the comparative example, rich alkaline content from the slag wool is eluted into the soil due to the moisture supplied every day, causing alkaline burns to the roots of the plants, which is detrimental to plant growth, but this example In this case, plant growth was successfully promoted by the regulatory function of the ion exchanger.

In addition, in this example, in order to further enhance the effect,
Although both a cation exchanger and an anion exchanger were used in combination, the desired effect of the present application can be achieved even if either one is used.

(2) The porous-based ion exchanger adsorbs metabolites and waste products excreted from plant roots, making it possible to keep the soil clean.

(3) In this example, the interaction between the slug wool and the ion exchanger makes it possible to keep the moisture and air held in the slug wool in a clean state, so even after the water supply is cut off, the slug wool remains clean for a long period of time. Successful plant growth was achieved.

(4) When slug wool comes into direct contact with the hand, it gives a stinging and unpleasant sensation, but in this example, slug wool is stored in a bag-like body together with an ion exchanger, so it can be quickly and easily removed without causing the above-mentioned discomfort. Ability to add soil conditioners.

However, in the present invention, the soil conditioner does not necessarily have to be stored in a bag-like body; for example, as shown in FIG. Build up a thin layer 1, and add soil conditioner and general soil on the top layer.
More preferably, after filling the mixture 10 with horticultural soil, seedlings 7 of plants are added to the mixed soil 10.
may be planted.

(5) In this example, the soil conditioner is placed facing the drainage hole of the flower pot, so some of the hydrolyzed alkaline content is eluted from the drainage hole, preventing pests from entering through the hole. It can act as a kind of insect repellent.

<Effects of the Invention> (1) The soil conditioner of the present invention gradually supplies the alkaline content eluted from slag wool to plants while adjusting its concentration through the buffering function of the ion exchanger, so that the soil becomes acidic. To prevent plants from leaning and at the same time, prevent alkali burn and cessation of root vitality.

Furthermore, the components eluted from Slug wool are mainly composed of lime, magnesium, phosphorus, etc., so they neutralize the acidity of the soil and also replenish the nutrients necessary for plant growth. , overall smooth growth of the plant can be achieved.

Therefore, the present invention uses the ingredients of slag wool as both a slow-release fertilizer and a neutralizer for acidic soil.
While supplying nutrients to plants over a long period of time, it can solve the problem of acidification that is characteristic of Japanese soil without causing any harm.

(2) Metabolites and waste products excreted from the roots of plants are adsorbed by ion exchangers based on porous materials, allowing the soil environment to be refreshed.

Moreover, the moisture retained in Slug wool can be oxidized and
Due to the reduction action, it can be kept in a dynamic state that can be updated at all times.

Therefore, once the soil conditioner retains moisture, water rot and root rot in plants can be successfully eliminated without requiring much water replenishment, which greatly simplifies plant management and makes home use This makes it suitable for cultivation.

(3) Once the air is retained in Slug wool, it is kept in a dynamic state by the activity of the ion exchanger, increasing breathability.

Furthermore, since putrid gases generated from plants are adsorbed and decomposed and removed by the porous ion exchanger, the air in the soil environment can generally be kept clean for a long period of time.

Therefore, the air retention capacity of the soil can also be improved.
By promoting the vitality and rooting of root cells, smooth growth of plants can be achieved.

(4) This soil conditioner has a simple composition consisting of slag wool, which is produced as a by-product in the steel industry, mixed with an ion exchanger, and can be manufactured easily with easily obtained raw materials. Not only that, but it is extremely lightweight and convenient to carry.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view of a flower pot to which a soil conditioner has been added, and FIG. 2 is a view corresponding to FIG. 1 showing another embodiment. 1...Soil conditioner, 2...Bag-shaped body, 3...Flower pot, 5
...Drainage hole, 6...Gardening soil.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A soil conditioner that supplies alkaline content to the soil using slag wool, which contains a weakly acidic or weakly basic ion exchanger based on an inorganic or organic porous material, A soil conditioner characterized by physically mixing it with slug wool.