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JPH0215815B2 - - Google Patents
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JPH0215815B2 - - Google Patents

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Publication number
JPH0215815B2
JPH0215815B2 JP56073868A JP7386881A JPH0215815B2 JP H0215815 B2 JPH0215815 B2 JP H0215815B2 JP 56073868 A JP56073868 A JP 56073868A JP 7386881 A JP7386881 A JP 7386881A JP H0215815 B2 JPH0215815 B2 JP H0215815B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
flame
combustion
oxygen concentration
oxygen
light receiving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP56073868A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS57189043A (en
Inventor
Nobutoshi Gako
Yasukuni Yamane
Chuji Suzuki
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sharp Corp
Original Assignee
Sharp Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sharp Corp filed Critical Sharp Corp
Priority to JP7386881A priority Critical patent/JPS57189043A/en
Publication of JPS57189043A publication Critical patent/JPS57189043A/en
Publication of JPH0215815B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0215815B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/72Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using flame burners

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]

本発明は、青炎式燃焼器において、その炎の色
から空気中の酸素濃度を検知し、酸欠状態を未然
に防止するための装置に関する。 燃焼器具を密閉度の高い部屋で燃焼させた場合
時間経過と共に酸素濃度は減少し、さらに酸素不
足の状態に陥いると、燃焼器具は不完全燃焼を起
し、排ガス中には不燃ガスや一酸化炭素が増加し
てくるために生理上有害となり、時には死亡につ
ながる危険な雰囲気をかもし出していた。 現在、その検知手段として半導体(金属酸化
物)や接触燃焼式等が提案されているが、これら
はいずれも高濃度ガス(対称:可逆性ガス、CO)
であることが前提であり、又低濃度ガス検知では
二次的な要因(タバコの煙、アルコール、湿度、
電圧変化)等によつて、誤動作を起しやすい欠点
があつた。又、これらを燃焼器の換気センサとし
て用いるには、低濃度域での精度が得られにくい
等の問題があつた。その他フレームロツドは強燃
焼では酸素不足になるとソフト炎によつて自動消
火は可能であるが弱燃焼でのその作動は不完全で
あつた。 これに対して、換気を必要とする室内酸素濃度
となつた場合には、青炎(燃焼炎)から発生する
光の波長が大幅に変化し、受光素子の出力に変換
した場合正常燃焼時に比して明瞭なる変化を読み
取ることができる。 本発明はこのような事実に基づきなされたもの
である。以下本考案を灯油気化式燃焼器に実施し
た場合について図面を参照して説明する。 第1図は気化式燃焼器の正面図であつて、1は
油タンク2を1側に備えた燃焼器本体である。3
は油タンク2と連通した気化器で液体灯油を気化
ガスに変換する。4はこの気化ガスを燃焼させる
ブンゼン式のバーナで、当該気化ガスはここで環
元炎5、酸化炎6からなる青炎として燃焼する。
7はバーナ4を囲繞する如く設けられた炉で上方
に排気口8を有する。この排気口8からの熱気9
は本体1内の後部に設けられたフアン(図示せ
ず)で温風として本体1前面に送風される。10
は上記炉7の酸化炎6に対応した位置に穿設され
た透視窓で、その外周部には断熱材11を介して
〓字状の素子取付アングル12がビス13でもつ
て締着されている。14は上記アングル12に挿
通固定された保護管でその一端に光電変換素子
(受光素子という)15が設けられている。この
保護管14は素子15の保護と同時にその性能を
向上させるため外部からの光をしや断する役目も
兼ねている。16は素子15のリード線である。
なお素子15の取り付け位置(X…高さ)はバー
ナ面上から10〜50mmの適当な位置にするが、青炎
との関係で最適位置を選べばよい。 次にその動作について説明する。 今、密度で酸素リツチな状態から燃焼を開始す
ると、バーナの燃焼炎は還元炎と酸化炎を形成し
青炎で完全燃焼する。しかし時間経過と共に酸素
不足になれば還元炎5は伸炎となり、従来の酸化
炎6の青炎は赤火のきざしをみせてくる。例えば
酸素量と燃焼炎との関係は下表のようになる。即
ち酸素濃度18%以下になれば酸化炎6は、ほぼ完
全に赤炎となつて酸素不足の兆候をみせる。この
時点より不燃ガス量や一酸化炭素が多くなる。
The present invention relates to a device for detecting the oxygen concentration in the air from the color of the flame in a blue flame type combustor and preventing an oxygen deficiency state from occurring. When a combustion appliance is burned in a tightly closed room, the oxygen concentration decreases over time, and if oxygen becomes insufficient, the combustion appliance will undergo incomplete combustion, and the exhaust gas will contain incombustible gas and other gases. The increase in carbon oxide created a dangerous atmosphere that was physiologically harmful and could even lead to death. Currently, semiconductors (metal oxides) and catalytic combustion methods have been proposed as detection means, but these all use highly concentrated gases (symmetrical: reversible gas, CO).
In addition, in low concentration gas detection, secondary factors (cigarette smoke, alcohol, humidity,
It had the disadvantage of being prone to malfunction due to changes in voltage (voltage changes), etc. Furthermore, when using these as ventilation sensors for combustors, there are problems such as difficulty in obtaining accuracy in low concentration ranges. Other flame rods are capable of automatically extinguishing fires with soft flames when there is a lack of oxygen in strong combustion, but this function is incomplete in weak combustion. On the other hand, when the indoor oxygen concentration reaches a level that requires ventilation, the wavelength of the light emitted from the blue flame (combustion flame) changes significantly, and when converted to the output of the light receiving element, it is compared to normal combustion. You can clearly read the changes. The present invention has been made based on these facts. Hereinafter, a case where the present invention is implemented in a kerosene vaporizing type combustor will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view of a vaporization type combustor, and 1 is a combustor main body equipped with an oil tank 2 on one side. 3
Converts liquid kerosene into vaporized gas using a vaporizer connected to the oil tank 2. Reference numeral 4 denotes a Bunsen-type burner that burns this vaporized gas, where the vaporized gas is burned as a blue flame consisting of an oxidation flame 5 and an oxidation flame 6.
A furnace 7 is provided to surround the burner 4 and has an exhaust port 8 above. Hot air 9 from this exhaust port 8
is blown to the front of the main body 1 as warm air by a fan (not shown) provided at the rear of the main body 1. 10
is a see-through window drilled at a position corresponding to the oxidizing flame 6 of the furnace 7, and a square-shaped element mounting angle 12 is fastened with screws 13 to the outer periphery of the window through a heat insulating material 11. . Reference numeral 14 denotes a protective tube that is inserted through and fixed to the angle 12, and a photoelectric conversion element (referred to as a light receiving element) 15 is provided at one end of the protective tube. This protective tube 14 serves to protect the element 15 and also to block light from the outside in order to improve its performance. 16 is a lead wire of the element 15.
The mounting position (X...height) of the element 15 is set at an appropriate position of 10 to 50 mm from the burner surface, but the optimum position may be selected in relation to the blue flame. Next, its operation will be explained. Now, when combustion starts from a dense and oxygen-rich state, the combustion flame of the burner forms a reducing flame and an oxidizing flame, and complete combustion occurs with a blue flame. However, as time passes and oxygen becomes insufficient, the reducing flame 5 becomes an elongated flame, and the blue flame of the conventional oxidizing flame 6 begins to show signs of red flame. For example, the relationship between oxygen content and combustion flame is shown in the table below. That is, when the oxygen concentration falls below 18%, the oxidation flame 6 becomes almost completely red flame, showing signs of oxygen deficiency. From this point on, the amount of nonflammable gas and carbon monoxide increases.

【表】 以上のような酸素濃度と燃焼炎との関係がある
がこれを一個の光起電力型変換素子を使つた場合
の酸素濃度と燃焼炎波長変化による該素子の出力
との関係とした場合について第2図a,cに示
す。この図よりO2濃度21〜19%範囲の燃焼にお
いては出力はほぼ横ばいあるがO2濃度19%以下
の燃焼(前述のように酸化炎の青炎が赤炎とな
る)ではこれに対応して出力は急速に下降してく
る。 一方換気基準の設定については規定はないが、
その基準を 生理有害度からみた酸素濃度の必要な最小限
度は17〜19%であること。 酸素欠乏防止規則から酸欠基準は18%未満で
あること。 上述の酸素濃度と燃焼状態との兼合い。 環境基準から見たCO許容濃度は50ppmであ
るが燃焼時のO2濃度が19%の時の室内CO濃度
は20ppm前後に対応する。 等から判断して少なくとも室内O2濃度が19%以
上で換気すれば問題はない。従つて青炎の波長変
化を受光素子15の出力として捕えると、室内酸
素濃度が容易に検知できることになる。 しかしながら、上記受光素子15は第2図cに
示したように酸素濃度が19%以上でもその出力が
大きく変化することがあり、この出力を利用する
と動作が不安定であるという欠点がある。 本発明はこのような欠点を除去するため、波長
感度の異なるホトダイオード(受光素子)を同一
チツプ上に設けた半導体色センサ(以下色センサ
という)を用いて燃焼炎の波長変化を検知するよ
うにしたものである。 上記色センサの構造及び等価回路を第3図a,
bに示す。P層17とN層18とのPN接合によ
るホトダイオードPD1は短波長感度が大であり、
P層19とN層18とのPN接合によるホトダイ
オードPD2は長波長感度が大である。なお、2
0は絶縁膜、21はP層17に設けられた電極、
22はN層18に設けられた電極、23はP層1
9に設けられた電極である。上記両ホトダイオー
ドPD1,PD2の短絡電流比ISC2/ISC1と受光波長
λとは第4図に示す如く、1:1の対応関係を有
している。従つて、逆に、両ダイオードPD1,
PD2の短絡電流比が判れば、受光した波長すな
わち色を識別することができるはずである。しか
しながらこの色センサは単一波長に対しては識別
が正確であつても、燃焼炎のように複数種類の波
長を放射しているものをどのように識別するかに
ついては判然としていない。そこで酸素濃度と、
この時の燃焼炎の色に対する短絡電流比との関係
を実験により調べた処第2図bの如く、酸素濃度
が19%まではその短絡電流比がほぼ一定で、それ
以下の酸素濃度になると、当該電流比が急速に下
降していることがわかつた。この変化は受光素子
15の出力変化とほぼ変らないため、酸欠状態の
判定素子として、上記色センサを用いることが可
能であることが判明した。 以下、受光素子15の代りに色センサを用いた
装置を第5図に従つて説明する。同図において、
24は第1図の受光素子15の位置に代つて設け
られた色センサである。25,26はそれぞれ対
数増幅回路で各ホトダイオードPD1,PD2に接
続されている。27は上記各対数増回路25,2
6の出力log ISC1,log ISC2の差をとるための演算
手段である差動増器である。この増幅器27の出
力(log ISC2/ISC1)は第2図bに示す如く、酸素
濃度が19%までは、ほぼ一定でそれ以下で急速に
下降しており、酸素濃度に対する出力の変化は受
光素子15と変えないが、19%までの出力が受光
素子15に比して極めて安定している。従つて、
イ点のレベルを判定基準とするコンパレータ28
を設けておけば、誤動作することなく正確に酸素
濃度を判定することができる。そして、このコン
パレータ28すなわち検知手段の出力によつて燃
焼制御器29、換気扇30、警報ブザー31等を
制御する処理回路(マイコン)32を設けておけ
ば室内の酸欠状態を未然に防止することができ
る。すなわち、この色センサ24を用いると、受
光された光の波長は2つのホトダイオードPD1,
PD2の出力間の比として得られ、受光素子15
を使用する場合のように、素子15の出力の絶対
値に依存しないから、受光面に汚れがあつたり、
炎がゆらいだりしてもその影響をほとんど受ける
ことがなく、正確に酸素濃度を検知することがで
きる。又、同一チツプ上に、2個のホトダイオー
ドPD1,PD2が集積されているので、素子24
への温度影響は相殺され、温度の影響を小さくで
きる。又、透視窓10が汚れていても電流比をと
るからその汚れの影響をあまり受けなくて済む。 なお、上記実施例は同一チツプ上に2個のフオ
トダイオードを形成し、そのSi層にフイルタの役
割をさせた色センサを用いたが、波長感度の異な
る受光素子を2個設け、この受光素子の出力間の
相対値を用いてもよい。 叙上のように本発明によれば受光面に汚れがあ
つたり、炎がゆらいだりして光の強度が変化して
も、その影響はほとんど受けることなく、正確に
酸欠状態を検知することができる。従つてこの検
知出力を利用して換気等を行うようにすれば酸欠
による事故はもちろん酸素不足に伴う頭痛等もな
くすことができる。
[Table] The above relationship between oxygen concentration and combustion flame has been expressed as a relationship between oxygen concentration and output of the element due to changes in combustion flame wavelength when a single photovoltaic conversion element is used. The cases are shown in Fig. 2a and c. This figure shows that in combustion with an O 2 concentration of 21 to 19%, the output is almost flat, but in combustion with an O 2 concentration of 19% or less (as mentioned above, the blue flame of the oxidation flame turns into a red flame). The output will drop rapidly. On the other hand, there are no regulations regarding the setting of ventilation standards;
The minimum required oxygen concentration from the viewpoint of physiological toxicity is 17-19%. According to the Oxygen Deficiency Prevention Regulations, the oxygen deficiency standard must be less than 18%. Balance between the above-mentioned oxygen concentration and combustion state. The permissible CO concentration according to environmental standards is 50 ppm, but when the O 2 concentration during combustion is 19%, the indoor CO concentration corresponds to around 20 ppm. Judging from the above, there is no problem as long as the indoor O 2 concentration is at least 19% or higher and ventilation is performed. Therefore, if the wavelength change of the blue flame is captured as the output of the light receiving element 15, the indoor oxygen concentration can be easily detected. However, as shown in FIG. 2c, the output of the light-receiving element 15 may vary greatly even when the oxygen concentration is 19% or more, and there is a drawback that the operation is unstable when this output is used. In order to eliminate such drawbacks, the present invention detects changes in the wavelength of combustion flame using a semiconductor color sensor (hereinafter referred to as color sensor) in which photodiodes (light receiving elements) with different wavelength sensitivities are provided on the same chip. This is what I did. The structure and equivalent circuit of the above color sensor are shown in Figure 3a,
Shown in b. The photodiode PD1, which is formed by a PN junction between the P layer 17 and the N layer 18, has high short wavelength sensitivity.
The photodiode PD2 formed by a PN junction between the P layer 19 and the N layer 18 has high long wavelength sensitivity. In addition, 2
0 is an insulating film, 21 is an electrode provided on the P layer 17,
22 is an electrode provided on the N layer 18, 23 is the P layer 1
This is the electrode provided at 9. As shown in FIG. 4, the short-circuit current ratio I SC2 /I SC1 of both photodiodes PD1 and PD2 and the light receiving wavelength λ have a 1:1 correspondence. Therefore, conversely, both diodes PD1,
If the short-circuit current ratio of PD2 is known, it should be possible to identify the wavelength or color of the received light. However, although this color sensor is accurate in identifying a single wavelength, it is not clear how to identify something that emits multiple wavelengths, such as a combustion flame. Therefore, the oxygen concentration,
The relationship between the color of the combustion flame and the short-circuit current ratio was experimentally investigated, and as shown in Figure 2b, the short-circuit current ratio was almost constant up to an oxygen concentration of 19%, and when the oxygen concentration was lower than that, It was found that the current ratio was rapidly decreasing. Since this change is almost the same as the change in the output of the light receiving element 15, it has been found that the color sensor described above can be used as an element for determining the oxygen deficiency state. A device using a color sensor instead of the light receiving element 15 will be described below with reference to FIG. In the same figure,
24 is a color sensor provided in place of the light receiving element 15 in FIG. Logarithmic amplifier circuits 25 and 26 are connected to the photodiodes PD1 and PD2, respectively. 27 is each of the above logarithmic multiplier circuits 25, 2
This is a differential amplifier that is a calculation means for calculating the difference between the outputs log I SC1 and log I SC2 of 6. As shown in Figure 2b, the output of this amplifier 27 (log I SC2 /I SC1 ) is almost constant until the oxygen concentration reaches 19%, and drops rapidly below that level, and the output changes with respect to the oxygen concentration. Although it is the same as the light receiving element 15, the output up to 19% is extremely stable compared to the light receiving element 15. Therefore,
Comparator 28 that uses the level of point A as a judgment criterion
If this is provided, the oxygen concentration can be determined accurately without malfunction. If a processing circuit (microcomputer) 32 is provided that controls the combustion controller 29, ventilation fan 30, alarm buzzer 31, etc. based on the output of the comparator 28, that is, the detection means, oxygen deficiency in the room can be prevented. Can be done. That is, when this color sensor 24 is used, the wavelength of the received light is divided by two photodiodes PD1,
It is obtained as the ratio between the outputs of PD2, and the photodetector 15
Since it does not depend on the absolute value of the output of the element 15 as in the case of using
Even if the flame flickers, it is hardly affected by it, and the oxygen concentration can be detected accurately. Also, since two photodiodes PD1 and PD2 are integrated on the same chip, the element 24
The influence of temperature on can be canceled out and the influence of temperature can be reduced. Further, even if the transparent window 10 is dirty, the current ratio is taken, so that it is not affected much by the dirt. The above embodiment uses a color sensor in which two photodiodes are formed on the same chip and the Si layer serves as a filter, but two photodiodes with different wavelength sensitivities are provided, and You may also use relative values between the outputs. As mentioned above, according to the present invention, even if the light intensity changes due to dirt on the light receiving surface or flickering of the flame, the oxygen deficiency state can be accurately detected with almost no effect. Can be done. Therefore, by using this detection output to perform ventilation, etc., not only accidents caused by oxygen deficiency but also headaches caused by oxygen deficiency can be avoided.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図……本発明の装置を具備した燃焼器の正
面説明図。第2図a,b,c……燃焼時間及び酸
素濃度と、受光素子の出力、及び色センサの短絡
電流比との関係を示す特性図。第3図a,b……
色センサの構造図及び等価回路図。第4図……第
3図色センサの短絡電流比−波長特性を示す特性
図。第5図……本発明装置の要部ブロツク図。 符号、24:色センサ、25,26:対数増幅
回路、27:差動増幅器、28:コンパレータ。
FIG. 1: A front explanatory view of a combustor equipped with the device of the present invention. FIGS. 2a, b, c: Characteristic diagrams showing the relationship between combustion time and oxygen concentration, the output of the light receiving element, and the short circuit current ratio of the color sensor. Figure 3 a, b...
A structural diagram and an equivalent circuit diagram of a color sensor. Fig. 4: Characteristic diagram showing short circuit current ratio-wavelength characteristics of the Fig. 3 color sensor. FIG. 5: A block diagram of the main parts of the device of the present invention. Symbol, 24: color sensor, 25, 26: logarithmic amplifier circuit, 27: differential amplifier, 28: comparator.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 青炎を燃焼炎とするバーナを具備した燃焼器
において、 上記青炎からの光を受光する、波長感度の異な
る2個の受光素子と、 この2個の受光素子の短絡電流比を演算する演
算手段と、 この演算手段によつて得られた短絡電流比が急
速に低下したことを検知して酸欠情報を出力する
検知手段と、 から成る酸欠状態検知装置。
[Scope of Claims] 1. In a combustor equipped with a burner that uses blue flame as a combustion flame, two light receiving elements having different wavelength sensitivities receive light from the blue flame; An oxygen deficiency state detection device comprising: a calculation means for calculating a short circuit current ratio; and a detection means for detecting a rapid decrease in the short circuit current ratio obtained by the calculation means and outputting oxygen deficiency information.
JP7386881A 1981-05-15 1981-05-15 Detector for oxygen deficiency state Granted JPS57189043A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7386881A JPS57189043A (en) 1981-05-15 1981-05-15 Detector for oxygen deficiency state

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7386881A JPS57189043A (en) 1981-05-15 1981-05-15 Detector for oxygen deficiency state

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS57189043A JPS57189043A (en) 1982-11-20
JPH0215815B2 true JPH0215815B2 (en) 1990-04-13

Family

ID=13530587

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP7386881A Granted JPS57189043A (en) 1981-05-15 1981-05-15 Detector for oxygen deficiency state

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS57189043A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH068029A (en) * 1992-03-27 1994-01-18 Budd Co:The Cutting tool

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS59170751U (en) * 1983-04-30 1984-11-15 シャープ株式会社 Incomplete combustion detection circuit
JPS59221520A (en) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-13 Sharp Corp Incomplete combustion sensing device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH068029A (en) * 1992-03-27 1994-01-18 Budd Co:The Cutting tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS57189043A (en) 1982-11-20

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