JPH022756B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a variable pitch propeller of the type that includes a compression spring that provides a force to rotate the propeller blades to a high pitch forward position. More particularly, the present invention relates to providing a propeller in which the compression spring is compressed from both ends and the spring force is twice the force of a conventional return spring compressed from only one end.

It is well known that propeller blades that drive vehicles through fluid must have a low pitch to provide maximum force to accelerate the vehicle. However, when the vehicle is at high speed, the pitch of the wings is increased to maintain the vehicle's speed.
We must try to increase m. It is also known to adjust propeller blades for purposes such as slowing down, stopping or reversing a vehicle. Furthermore, various mechanisms may be used to drive the blade in a forward direction from a high pitch forward position to a second end position of the blade, such as a high pitch reverse position, after which the blade is driven by the energy stored by the compression spring. It is also common practice to return the to the high pitch forward position. However, in known devices of this type, one end of the spring is held on a fixed bearing surface, and the other end of the spring moves to drive the propeller blades in the forward direction and compress the spring. As the rotation of the wing increases, the spring becomes more compressed and an increasing amount of spring force is stored in the spring, which is dependent on the structure and size of the spring.

Additionally, most known aircraft and marine variable pitch propellers are relatively complex and expensive.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a variable pitch propeller of the type including compression springs for driving propeller blades toward a high pitch forward position, each of which has:
The object of the present invention is to provide a propeller characterized by a structure that doubles the force accumulated in the spring.

In one aspect of the invention, a pair of axially movable abutment surfaces are provided in a hub in axially spaced relation and a number of pitch adjustable propeller blades are provided on the hub. A compression spring device is positioned between the abutment surfaces, with each end of the spring device pressing against one of the abutment surfaces. The spring device normally presses both bearing surfaces axially outwards. A mechanical drive interconnects between each abutment surface and the inner end of each wing. Each mechanical drive device has the function of applying a pitch changing rotational force to the wing in response to the axial movement of its receiving surface.
The propeller of the present invention includes a device that applies an axially inward force to the bearing surfaces, causing the bearing surfaces to move axially inwardly relative to each other against the force of the spring device. This is done to rotate the propeller blades in the first direction. The energy stored in the spring device during compression serves to rotate the propeller blade in the opposite direction when the axially inwardly directed force is removed from the bearing surface. Due to the movement of both abutment surfaces, the spring device is compressed at its ends. In this way, the amount of energy stored in the spring device is double the force stored in the return spring of a conventional propeller.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a system for adjusting pitch-adjustable blades which is quite simple and inexpensive, and which obtains good mechanical advantages and large return forces through the use of compression springs.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a pinion gear is connected to the inner end of the propeller blade. Each pinion gear engages two racks, one extending from each bearing surface. In this embodiment, it is possible to obtain propeller blade rotation of at least a full 180 degrees without changing the leverage. The forces on the propeller blades are balanced because the pinion gear is driven by two racks in contact with the pinion gear at opposite locations.

In another embodiment of the invention, a toggle lever is connected to the inner end of each propeller blade, and the toggle is interconnected between each end of the toggle lever and one of the abutment surfaces. Movement of the receiving surface and the toggle causes rotation of the toggle lever and propeller blade to which they are connected.

Preferably, fluid pressure is used to move the two abutment surfaces relative to each other, rotate the propeller blades in one direction, and store energy in the compression spring arrangement. Fluid pressure is applied to one or both of the receiving surfaces.
In systems where fluid pressure is applied to only one of the bearing surfaces, the movement of this bearing surface and the accompanying movement of the propeller blades may cause the mechanical interconnection between the propeller blades and the second bearing surface to be reduced. The drive device is operated to move the second receiving surface. In this type of system the forces on the propeller blades are still in equilibrium.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a fluid motor arrangement adapted to be mounted at the rear end of a stationary drive shaft for rotating a propeller in at least one direction. Working flow fluid enters and exits the hub via a swirl arrangement connected to the rear end of the hub.
Therefore, there is no need to use complex and expensive drive shafts.

Yet another object of the present invention is to provide an improved method for rotatably mounting and securing individual airfoils to a hub arrangement.

These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the drawings.

Like numerals are used to represent like parts throughout the several figures.

FIG. 1 shows the rear end portion 10 of the fixed propeller drive shaft 12.
FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the variable pitch propeller of the present invention mounted behind the support housing 14 and in front of the support column 16. A bearing shaft (not shown) and a sealing member (not shown) are provided within the housing 14 in accordance with conventional methods. The rear end of the propeller drive shaft 12 projects from the housing 14 in an overhanging manner.

An important feature of the invention is that the adjustable propeller is adapted for use with a fixed propeller drive shaft.

As can be seen with reference to FIGS. 2 and 4, the propeller includes a hub 18 having a forward end 20 that is disposed at a tapered rear end 10 aft of the drive shaft 12. As shown in FIGS. The keyway is at the rear end of the shaft 1
0 and the forward hub end 20 to receive a key 22 which serves to prevent mutual rotation between the hub arrangement 18 and the propeller drive shaft 12 in a known manner. The rearmost end 24 of the shaft 12 is formed to be externally threaded and to include an internally threaded socket 26. A nut 28 is threaded onto end 24 and secures hub arrangement 18 against axial movement relative to shaft 12. As clearly shown in FIG. 2, the forward end portion of the nut 28 bears against a radially enlarged inner wall 30 at the forward end of the hub 18.

Returning to FIG. 1, struts 16 have a streamlined cross section. The strut 16 is located immediately forward of the leading edge 32 of the rudder 34. The rudder 34 is connected to a drive shaft 36 that moves the rudder 34 laterally during rotation. In a manner known per se, the stub shaft and the bearing shaft are brought into position 3.
8, supports the lower end of the rudder 34 so as to be rotatable around the drive shaft 36, and further carries a radial load.

Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 4, hub 1
The rear end of 8 is formed to include a central hole 40 through which the stationary tubular shaft has a support member 42 projecting. Member 42 is outwardly threaded at its rear end to accommodate the internal threads of closure cap 44. The closure cap 44 includes a radial end wall at its rear end, the end wall including a central hole receiving a forwardly projecting tube 46, which tube 46 is connected by a cubital tube 47 to the lower end of a vertically extending tube 48. . Closing cap 44 includes a stationary sealing member 50 provided to prevent leakage between closing cap 44 and tube 46. Additionally, a stationary sealing member connects tube 46 and member 42.
be prepared between.

A dynamic sealing member is provided at the rear end of the hub 18 to provide a seal between the hub 18 and the member 42.

In the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, the fixed support member 42 has a cup-shaped front end 58 that is open to the front. End 58 has a radially extending wall 60
and an axially extending wall 62.

A cup-shaped pivoting plug 64 forms a forward-opening socket sized to fit over the nut 28. Plug 64 includes a radially extending rear end wall with a central axial bore 66 and a buried head bore 68 . A sunken hole 68 is provided to receive the head of a bolt 70 that threads into an internally threaded socket formed in the shaft end 24 and which connects the plug 64 to the shaft 12.
It also serves as a link to the Therefore, the plug 64 rotates together with the shaft 12. The head of bolt 70 is provided with a hexagonal socket to accommodate an Allen wrench.

Plug 64 is formed to include a circumferential groove for accommodating dynamic sealing member 72 and pivot plug 64
and the fixed front end 58 are sealed against leakage.

In this embodiment, a first abutment plug is provided at the forward end 58 of the member 42. The receiving surface 74 projects radially outwardly from the axially extending wall 68.

A sleeve-like plug 76 is provided at the rear end of the inner housing. A sleeve-like plug 76 just surrounds the rear portion of the tubular member 42 and similarly closes the sealing ring 7.
8 is formed to include a circumferential groove for accommodating the 8. A second abutment surface 80 is provided at the rear end of the hub arrangement. The receiving surface 80 projects radially outward from the tubular shaft wall 82 . The wall 82 projects axially forward from the central portion of the receiving surface 80 . The sealing member 78 provides a complete fluid seal between the front end of the sleeve plug 76 and the peripheral portion of the tubular shaft wall 82 . An end wall 84 projects radially inwardly from the forward end of tubular shaft wall 82 . End wall 84 includes a central hole surrounding tubular member 42 . End wall 84 is formed to include a sealing member 86 to seal against leakage between end wall 84 and tubular member 42 .

The cup-shaped end walls 60, 62, 82, 84 and the two plug members 64, 76 therein form the hub assembly 18.
An expandable fluid chamber is formed at the front and rear ends of the hollow interior of the tube. The hub arrangement 18 is adapted to pivot about the housing 14 and into the cup-shaped forward end portion 58 of the tubular member 42. The forward end portion 58 is also adapted to axially reciprocate over the plug 64, and similarly the cup-shaped end walls 82, 84 are adapted to reciprocate over the plug 76 and tubular member 42.

members 42, 44, 46, 48 and sealing member 50,
Together, 52, 54, and 56 form what is referred to as a "swirling" arrangement, providing fluid and pressure supply to and from the interior of hub 18. Members 42, 44, 4
6, 48 are fixed components of the pivoting structure. The rear end of the hub 18, including the sealing member 56 and the plug member 64, are the pivoting components of the pivoting arrangement.

In a very important aspect of the invention, a compression spring 88 is located within the hub 18 . Its both ends press against radial receiving surfaces 74 and 80. Its two ends preferably have axially extending walls 62,8.
2 is closely surrounded.

A hub rack is housed within hub assembly 18, as shown in FIGS. 2-4. Four racks, designated 90 in the figure, are connected to the receiving surface 80 at one end. The remaining four racks, designated 92 in the figure, are connected to the receiving surface 74 at one end. The racks 90, 92 extend through openings in the receiving surfaces 80, 74 and have Allen wrench heads for threading into internally threaded, axially extending sockets formed in the mating ends of the racks 90, 92. It is connected to the receiving surfaces 80, 74 by bolts at the parts. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, the head of the bolt is accommodated in a buried head hole formed on the outside of the receiving surfaces 74, 80. FIG. 4 also shows that the mounting ends of racks 90, 92 have been enlarged to include cavities for accommodating two spaced bolts, and that
It shows that it is strengthened at the connection position with 0,74.

As clearly shown in Figures 2 to 4,
Laterally inwardly directed teeth 9 on racks 90, 92
4 engages teeth 98 on a pinion gear 98 connected to the inner end portion of the propeller blade 100.

Referring now to FIG. 3, the central inner portion of the hub housing has four axially extending ribs 10.
2, and each rib has a pair of side surfaces forming a 90 degree relationship. Each side is easy 9
Adjacent to the rear surface of 0.92.

Axial grooves are formed in both the ribs 102 and the rear portions of the racks 90, 92 for receiving guide keys 104 provided for securing the racks 90, 92. The key 104 can be carried by the racks 90,92 and moves with the racks 90,92 as it reciprocates relative to the ribs 102.

As determined from Figures 2 through 4,
Two racks are connected to each pinion gear 98. A rack 90 connected to the receiving surface 80 engages each pinion gear 98 at a first circumferential position. Receiving surface 74
A rack 92 connected to the rack 92 engages each pinion gear 98 at a second circumferential position spaced relative to the pinion gear 98 from the engagement position of the rack 90 and the pinion gear 98.

Returning to FIG. 2, when the interior of the tubular member 42 is vented to remove the fluid force from the bearing surfaces 74, 80, the compression spring 88 causes the bearing surfaces 74, 80 to move axially outwardly as shown in FIG. 4 Press to the end position shown in Figure 4.
When these abutments are in this position, the wing 100 is also in the end position. Preferably they are in a high pitch forward position. When it is desired to change the pitch of the airfoil 100, fluid pressure is introduced into the interior of the tubular member 42 via the tube 48. Some of this pressure is caused by radial hole 1
Plug member 76 and wall members 82, 84 through 06
is transmitted to the expansion chamber formed by Pressure is also transmitted to the interior of the second expansion chamber formed by plug member 64 and wall members 60,62. As can be seen, when pressure fluid is introduced into the expansion chamber, the wall member 6
0 moves to the right (as shown) and wall 84 moves to the left (as shown). This causes the two abutment surfaces 74, 80 to move axially inwardly toward each other, moving the racks 90, 92 with them. Racks 90 and 92 apply torque to pinion gear 98 to rotate propeller blade 100. at the same time,
Compression spring 88 is compressed.

As can be seen, compression spring 88 is compressed at both ends thereof. This means that due to the increased rotation of each propeller blade 100, the compression spring 88 is compressed by twice the amount of compression of a conventional return spring in which only one end moves and the other end is fixed. . Furthermore, with the arrangement of the present invention, driving force is applied to the propeller blades at two opposing positions.

When the direction of rotation of propeller blade 100 is to be changed, fluid pressure is discharged from the interior of tubular member 242 . If there is any malfunction in the fluid supply system and the pressure fluid within tubular members 242 is completely exhausted, spring 88 returns each member to the end position shown in FIGS. 2 and 4. As previously stated, the end position of the wing 100 is preferably a high pitch forward position. Therefore, if the fluid control system malfunctions for any reason, the airfoil will automatically be returned to its high pitch position by the compression spring 88 and will not remain in the opposite direction or in any other less favorable position.

As can be seen from FIGS. 2-4, the configuration of the components in hub assembly 18 allows for the use of relatively large diameter, heavy-duty springs 88. Movement of the spring is stabilized by the fact that the ends of the spring join around the movable tubular end walls 62,82. Therefore, spring 88 is capable of producing a very large force, driving the propeller blades to the positions shown in FIGS. 2 and 4.

Next, a preferred method for detachably attaching the propeller blade 100 will be described.

As best shown in FIG. 2, each propeller blade 100 includes a mounting base 108. Mounting base 108 includes a cylindrical end 110 having a flat radial end surface 112. Flange 11
4 is located between the end portion 110 and the inner end of the wing 100.

At each wing location, the hub 18 is configured to include a radial hole sized to receive the cylindrical end 110 of the wing 100. The foramen is bordered on both its inside and outside by a shallow shaft socket. An outer annular shaft sleeve 16 is located within the outer shaft socket, and an inner annular shaft sleeve 118 is located within the inner shaft socket. Shaft mantle 1
16 includes an axially extending portion 120 that fills the space between the outer circumference of flange 114 and an adjacent cylindrical wall portion of the outer shaft receptacle. Preferably, the shaft mantle 1
16, 118 are constructed from a plastic shaft material such as nylon.

In the illustrated embodiment, a large washer 122 is positioned against the inner end surface 112 of the wing. Pinion gear 98 is located just inside the washer 122. Bolt 124 is pinion gear 9
8 through the central hole and the washer 122;
It is screwed into a threaded socket formed on the inside of the base 108. The centerline axis of the socket coincides with the rotation axis of the propeller blade 100. Bolt 124 has a head 126 that is received within a sunken hole 128 formed in the inner central portion of pinion gear 98.

Axial holes 130, 132 are formed through the pinion gear 98 and washer 122, respectively, to receive a pin 134 extending parallel to the bolt 124 at a location spaced axially outwardly from the bolt 124, thus The two holes prevent the pinion gear and washer 122 from rotating relative to the blade 100. The wing tip of pin 134 fits into a blind socket formed in wing base 108.

The hub structure or housing 18 is connected to the front main portion 13
6 and a rear follower part 140. The attachment portion of the wing is a portion of the front main portion 136. The rear follower 140 is similar to a removable cover. A threaded connection is provided where the two parts 136, 140 are connected, and a number of bolts 142 with sunken holes are provided to secure the two parts 138, 140 to each other at the threaded connection, and the part 140 is connected to the part 140. You can prevent it from accidentally deviating from 138.

The propeller is assembled as follows.

The hub assembly 18 with the blades 100 removed and the rear follower 140 removed is installed on the rear end 10 of the propeller drive shaft 12. This includes positioning the key 22 within a keyway formed in the end 20 of the hub structure 18. Nut 28 is then inserted into the hub through its open rear end, screwed in, and tightened. Next, the plug member 64 is placed on the nut 28 and fixed by inserting and tightening the bolt 70. Next, the pipe 42, the wall members 60, 62 and the receiving surface 74
is inserted into the hub assembly with the rack 92 attached to the receiving surface 74. A rack 90 is also installed. Next, the propeller blades are assembled. The shaft mantles 116 and 118 are installed in the shaft mantle sockets. 10 each wing
0 into the hole in the side wall of the hub 18. The washer 122, pin 134 and pinion 98 are installed, and the bolt 124 is installed and tightened. Bolt 124 includes a hexagonal groove in its head to accommodate the end of an Allen wrench.

After all propeller blades are assembled, spring 88 is installed, followed by members 80, 82, 84 and member 76. A bolt for connecting the receiving surface 80 to the rack 90 is installed, and the receiving surface 80 is connected to the rack 90.
Connect to. Next, a rear follower 140 serving as a cover for closing the hub is installed and fixed with bolts 142. Finally, members 46, 54, 44 and 48 are installed.

The struts 16 are open to accommodate said parts of the pivot arrangement and the conduits 48 and are configured to allow fluid pressure to be transmitted to the interior of the hub arrangement.

As is clear, the elbow-shaped attachment body 47 is connected to the member 42,
It moves along with the movements of 60, 62, and 74. A small hole 146 is provided at the rear end of the elbow mount 47 with a mechanical feed-back mechanism shown as tension line 144.
connected to. A tension line 144 runs rearwardly from the eyelet 146 around the grooved periphery of the pulley 148 and extends upwardly through the hollow interior of the strut 16;
The position of the elbow-shaped attachment body 47 and also the propeller blade 100
reach some type of device that indicates the position or pitch of the

5 to 7 show a modification of the present invention, in which the pinion gear on the base of the propeller blade is replaced by a toggle lever 150. In this type, the structure of the hub structure is essentially the same as in the previous type, with wings 10
0 is mounted essentially the same way as the wing in the previous type. Accordingly, the same reference numerals will be used to designate similar parts in the description of the second embodiment.

As best shown in FIG. 6, toggle lever 150 has opposing perforated ears 152,
Contains 4. A toggle 156 interconnects between the receiving surface 74' and each perforated ear 152. Toggles 156 also interconnect each perforated ear 154 and abutment surface 80'. A pivot pin is used to pivotally connect the perforated ears 152, 154 and the toggle lever end of the toggle 156 to each other.
A universal joint 158 connects the mating end of each toggle 156 to a receiving surface 174' or 80'. The universal joint is of the type that connects a ball and a receiving hole, and the ball member is the spherical head end of a bolt that is threaded into an axially extending blind receiving hole formed at the joint end of the toggle 156 and threaded on the inside. Department. The receiving hole is the receiving surface 174' or 1
A bolt is formed in 80' around an opening extending therefrom. The ball head bolt includes a screwdriver groove and can be screwed together.

In this embodiment, a pair of compression springs 160, 16
2 is located between the two receiving surfaces 74' and 80'. Also, only one expansion chamber is provided in this embodiment.

The bearing surface 74' is coupled to the propeller shaft end of a member 164 extending axially through the hub arrangement 18';
The rear end has a thread on the outside and has a nipple 16.
6 can be connected. In this embodiment, the receiving surface 80' is formed as a piston, and the separable rear end portion 140' of the hub arrangement serves as a cylinder. A sealing member 168 is carried around the receiving surface 80'. A sealing member 168 sealingly joins the inner surface of the tubular sidewall of the rear end portion 140' of the hub arrangement. Abutment surface 80' is part of a member that includes an axially extending elongate member 170 surrounding a sleeve 172 surrounding a reduced diameter portion of member 164. The inner end of the sleeve 172 is provided with an annular sealing member 174 and the sliding tubular member 17
Provides a seal between 0 and 0. Rear end portion 1 of hub structure
A sealing member 176 is provided at the rear end of 40' to provide a seal between it and an axially extending portion 178 of member 166.

The mating end of tubular portion 170 has an inner diameter substantially greater than the outer diameter of tubular member 164 and includes an annular fluid passageway 180 . A number of radial holes 182 are provided through the lateral wall of tubular member 164 and sleeve 172 to communicate the interior of member 164 with passageway 180 . In turn, passageway 180 communicates with an expansion chamber axially formed between receiving surface 80' and hub component portion 140'.

In operation, fluid pressure and flow communicate with passageway 180. Fluid flows through holes 182 into passageway 180 and from passageway 180 to expansion chamber 188 . The fluid pressure exerts an axially inwardly directed force on the piston or bearing surface 80', moving it to the left as shown. When the abutment surface 80' moves, it presses the toggle 156 connected thereto, thereby pushing the toggle lever 152 and the propeller blade 1 connected thereto.
Give torque to 00. In this embodiment, rotation of the toggle lever causes the toggle 156 connected to the second abutment surface 74' to exert a tensile force on the abutment surface 74', causing it to also move axially inward. Therefore, compression spring 1
60 and 162 are compressed between the two receiving surfaces at both ends thereof when the receiving surfaces 74' and 80' are driven in the positive direction relative to each other.

As in the first embodiment, the fluid pressure in chamber 18
6, the compression springs 160, 162 together force the bearing surfaces 74', 80' into their rest position (FIG. 5).
, and reversely rotates the propeller blade 100 to its starting position.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of the propeller area of the ship, with the strut portion between the propeller and the ship's snake omitted to show the internal components of the strut, and FIG.
An axial cross-sectional view of the hub structure of the embodiment, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the hub structure of FIG. 2 taken approximately along the line 3--3 in FIG. 2, and FIG. FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view of the hub structure taken approximately along line 4--4 in FIG. 2, FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2 showing a modification of the present invention, and FIG. Approximately 6 in Figure 5
FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the outer end joint of the drive rod of FIG. 6; FIG. 18: Hub structure, 42: Tubular member (force supplying member), 48: Pipe (force supplying member), 60, 62, 8
2, 84: wall (expansion chamber formation), 74, 80: receiving surface,
88: Compression spring, 90, 92: Rack (mechanical drive member), 98: Pinion gear (mechanical drive member), 100: Propeller blade, 150: Toggle lever (mechanical drive member), 156: Toggle (mechanical drive member) drive member).

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A hollow hub, a plurality of pitch-adjustable propeller blades provided on the hub, each having an inner portion located within the hub, and a mechanism for adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades. a variable pitch propeller comprising: a pair of axially movable bearing surfaces axially spaced apart within the hub;
a compression spring located between the bearing surfaces, having each end supported on one of the bearing surfaces and generally pressing both bearing surfaces axially outward; and an inner side of each bearing surface and each blade. a mechanical drive interconnected between the sections for applying a pitch changing rotational force to each corresponding wing in response to axial movement of each bearing surface; and a mechanical drive for applying an axially inward force to said bearing surface. , in order to rotate the propeller blade in a first direction, both bearing surfaces are moved axially inwardly relative to each other against the force of the spring device, and the energy stored in the spring during compression is directed axially inwardly. A variable pitch propeller comprising means for causing the propeller blades to rotate in the opposite direction when a force applied thereto is removed from the bearing surfaces, the spring being compressed at each end by movement of the bearing surfaces. 2. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, one of the bearing surfaces includes an elongated guide shaft, and the guide shaft is connected to the main body of one of the bearing surfaces and extends in the axial direction of the hub. A variable pitch propeller, the other receiving surface of which is provided on the guide shaft and is slidable in the axial direction thereon. 3. A variable pitch propeller according to claim 2, wherein at least one fluid expansion chamber is formed in the hub, and one of the corresponding receiving surfaces includes a movable wall defining this chamber; and the guide shaft is
A variable pitch propeller including a fluid passageway for directing fluid into and out of the expansion chamber. 4. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 3, a separate expansion chamber is connected to each bearing surface, each bearing surface is provided with a movable wall defining the expansion chamber, and the fluid passageway is A variable pitch propeller that allows fluid to flow into and out of the expansion chamber. 5. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 3, the only expansion chamber is coupled to the first receiving surface, and the receiving surface is moved by supplying liquid to this chamber, and this movement causes A mechanical drive device connected to this receiving surface is driven to rotate the propeller blade, and the rotation of the propeller blade drives a mechanical drive device connected to the second receiving surface to move it toward the first receiving surface. A variable pitch propeller that allows the compression spring to be compressed from both ends. 6. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, the mechanical drive device includes a pinion gear attached to the base of each propeller blade, and a pinion gear extending axially inward from each bearing surface to each pinion gear. a variable pitch propeller including separate drive racks for driving a variable pitch propeller, the rack on each abutment surface engaging its gear wheel at a location opposite the point at which the rack extending from the other abutment engages the pinion gear; . 7 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 6, the propeller blade is rotated by at least 180 degrees while moving from one end of the two receiving surfaces to the other end by driving the rack and pinion. Pituchi propeller. 8. A variable pitch propeller according to claim 6, wherein the spring device engages a bearing surface at a radially inner position of the rack. 9. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 8, each receiving surface includes a radially expanding end wall pressed by an end of the spring device and protruding axially inward from the end wall. a shaft portion, the end of the compression spring device surrounding the shaft portion of the bearing surface. 10. The variable pitch propeller of claim 6, wherein the hollow hub includes a wall arrangement adjacent to which the rack extends, and the propeller further includes a keying arrangement between the rack and the wall arrangement; A variable pitch propeller that supports and guides the rack. 11. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 10, the key device includes a shaft groove formed at the rear of each rack and a similar shaft groove formed in each part of the wall device adjacent to the rack. and an elongated key that fits partially in one of the grooves and partially in the other groove. 12. The variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, wherein each bearing surface has a radially expanding end wall pressed by an end of the spring device, and protrudes axially inward from the end wall. A variable pitch propeller comprising a shaft portion, the end of the compression spring surrounding the shaft portion of the bearing surface. 13 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 12, a fluid motor device is provided in the hub, and the receiving surfaces are moved relative to each other to move the mechanical drive device to rotate the propeller blades. A variable pitch propeller that moves to compress a spring device between two receiving surfaces. 14. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, the mechanical drive device includes a pair of opposing ears attached to the base of each propeller blade and extending radially therefrom; a toggle drive device having a toggle rod interconnected between an ear portion and a connecting abutment surface; axial movement of the abutment surface causes the toggle rod to press against the ear portion of the toggle drive device, thereby causing rotation of the propeller blades; A variable pitch propeller designed to raise the air. 15. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, a fluid-operated motor device is provided in the hub, and the two receiving surfaces are moved relative to each other to actuate the mechanical drive device and perform pitch changing rotation. Applying a force to the propeller blade, the two bearing surfaces move relative to each other, compressing the spring device between them, and passing through the fluid drive device, expanding the spring device, causing the mechanical drive device and the propeller blade to move in opposite directions. A variable pitch propeller designed to drive. 16 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 15, the hub has a device at one end for attaching it to the rear end of the propeller shaft, and a rotating device at the other end for supplying and returning working fluid to the motor device. and a variable pitch propeller. 17 A hub having a front end portion attached to the rear end of a propeller shaft, and a device for fixing the hub to the shaft;
a plurality of pitch-adjustable propeller blades mounted on the hub, each having an inner end located within the hub; and an axially moving device within the hub whose movement is controlled by fluid pressure. a variable pitch propeller comprising: a device for changing the pitch of the propeller blades; and a device for supplying fluid pressure to move a moving device including a swivel device at the rear end of the hub and a fluid supply line device connected to the swivel device. The device for changing the pitch of the propeller blades further includes a pair of axially movable abutment surfaces axially spaced within the hub, and a pair of axially movable abutment surfaces located between the abutment surfaces at both ends. A compression spring device that normally presses the bearing surface outward in the axial direction, and a compression spring device that interconnects each bearing surface and the inner end of each blade, and applies a pitch-changing rotational force to the blade in response to the axial movement of the bearing surface. and a fluid motor device that applies an axially inward force to the receiving surfaces, the propeller blades are moved axially inwardly against the force of the spring device. While moving with the purpose of rotating in one direction, the energy stored in the compression spring device causes the propeller blades to move in the opposite direction when the axially inwardly directed force provided by the fluid motor device is removed from the bearing surface. A variable pitch propeller that rotates. 18 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 17, one of the bearing surfaces includes a guide shaft connected thereto and extending in the axial direction of the hub, and the second bearing surface includes a guide shaft connected thereto and extending in the axial direction of the hub. A variable pitch propeller that is installed to slide in the axial direction. 19. The variable pitch propeller of claim 18, wherein at least one expansion chamber is formed within the hub, one of the receiving surfaces includes a movable wall forming the expansion chamber, and the guide shaft A variable pitch propeller that includes a fluid passageway through which fluid enters and exits an expansion chamber. 20 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 19, another expansion chamber is connected to each receiving surface,
A variable pitch propeller in which each receiving surface has a movable wall defining an expansion chamber thereof, the passageway being adapted to supply fluid to and from each expansion chamber. 21. The variable pitch propeller according to claim 19 has only one expansion chamber, which is coupled with the first bearing surface, and when fluid is supplied to the expansion chamber, the bearing surface moves and the expansion chamber moves. As it moves, a mechanical drive device connected to this receiving surface rotates the propeller blades,
A variable pitch propeller in which the rotation of the propeller blades drives a mechanical drive connected to the second bearing surface to move it toward the first bearing surface, so that the compression spring is compressed from both ends. . 22 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 17, the mechanical drive device includes a pinion gear attached to the base of each propeller blade, and a separate gear that extends axially inward from each bearing surface of each pinion gear. a drive rack of a variable pitch propeller, the rack of each bearing surface engaging its gear wheel at a location opposite the point at which a rack extending from the other bearing surface engages the pinion gear. 23 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 22, the propeller blades are rotated by at least 180 degrees while the two bearing surfaces move from one end position to the other end position by driving the rack and pinion. Variable pitch propeller. 24. A variable pitch propeller according to claim 22, wherein the spring device engages a bearing surface at a radially inner position of the rack. 25. In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 24, each bearing surface includes a radially expanding end wall pressed by the end of the spring device, and a shaft portion protruding axially inward from the end wall. and a variable pitch propeller, the end of the compression spring device surrounding the shaft portion of the bearing surface. 26. The variable pitch propeller of claim 22, wherein the hollow hub includes a wall arrangement with the rack extending adjacent thereto, and the propeller further includes a key extending between the rack and the wall arrangement. A variable pitch propeller including a device for supporting and guiding the rack. 27 In the variable pitch propeller according to claim 26, the key device includes a shaft groove formed in the rear portion of each rack, and a similar key device formed in each portion of the wall device adjacent to the rack. a variable pitch propeller comprising: axle grooves; and an elongated key member that fits partially in one of the grooves and partially in the other groove. 28 In a variable pitch propeller including a hollow hub including a peripheral wing mounting portion including a circular hole and an annular wall surrounding the hole that is flat on both sides, a pair of annular plastic shafts, one on each side of the annular wall. a propeller blade including an elongated wing portion having an inner end, an outer end, and a mounting base at the inner end, the outer end, and the inner end, the mounting base being a cylinder sized to fit into the hole in the mounting portion of both shaft mantles and the hub. an annular end portion, an annular flange extending around the tubular portion at its end adjacent the wing portion, the inner surface being on the outer surface of the other shaft, and the flat end surface of the other end of the tubular portion being on the inner side; a propeller blade comprising a wall member substantially planar on the inner surface of the shaft shroud, capable of being located on the inner end surface of the hub and extending radially beyond the cylindrical portion of the hub and inwardly surrounding the inner surface of the inner shaft; a device for fixing on top; a propeller blade drive member inside the wall member;
a pair of force supply members, comprising a device for removably fixing the driving member and the wall member to the base of the propeller blade, and further drivingly connected to the driving member at opposing positions;
a pair of axially moving abutment surfaces axially spaced within the hub; a compression spring device located between the abutment surfaces and compressing one of the abutment surfaces at each end thereof; , the spring device typically presses both bearing surfaces axially outwardly, one of the force supply members being connected to one of the bearing surfaces, the other supply member being connected to the other bearing surface, In order to move the propeller blade in the first direction, both bearing surfaces are moved axially inward against the force of the spring device, and the energy stored in the spring when compressed generates a force directed axially inward. A variable pitch propeller having a device for applying an axially inward force to the bearing surface to cause the propeller blades to rotate in the opposite direction when removed from the bearing surface.