JPH0229472B2 - KANSHIKIKOSOKURYUDOKENMAHOHO - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a dry high-speed fluid polishing method, and more specifically to a dry high-speed fluid polishing method that can uniformly polish the entire workpiece in one polishing operation. Conventionally, a workpiece (object to be polished) attached to a spindle is placed in a polishing tank filled with media to which abrasive grains and oil are attached, and the workpiece is rotated in the media by rotating the spindle in forward and reverse directions and rotating on its own axis. It is known to polish a workpiece by flowing it at high speed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-17646). In this case, in conventional equipment, three to four spindles are used, and the workpiece is mounted on the side with the surface that requires polishing facing outward (toward the polishing tank), as shown in Figure 3. After polishing the surface to be polished, the workpiece is repositioned on the spindle and polished again. Therefore, the conventional method involves many polishing steps, which poses problems in terms of efficiency. Was. Also, when changing the posture of a workpiece, it is not always easy, and it is often difficult to do it with a single touch.
In order to increase productivity, it is necessary to attach as many workpieces as possible to the spindle, but depending on the shape of the workpieces, it may not be possible to attach many workpieces. However, the biggest problem is that even if the mounting position of the workpiece is changed, the entire workpiece is often not polished uniformly, and for this reason, it is difficult for experts to touch up the incompletely polished surface of the workpiece after polishing is complete. It was necessary. Furthermore, 10~
For workpieces that have a concave surface with a depth of 40 mm, there were cases where polishing remained on the concave surface even if the posture was changed. The present invention was made in order to improve the above-mentioned situation, and the workpiece has a relatively deep concave surface by positioning the workpiece below the spindle and polishing the workpiece with the number of revolutions of the spindle faster than the number of rotations. To provide an efficient dry high-speed flow polishing method which can uniformly polish the entire workpiece in one polishing operation without changing the attachment posture of the workpiece even when the workpiece is attached, and does not require any rework after polishing is completed. With the goal. In other words, the present inventors have conducted various studies to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and have found that for dry high-speed flow polishing of a workpiece, it is important to focus on the location where the media is scattered rather than the location where the media is scattered. It is possible to provide a better polished surface at a position where the condition is small, and it is more uniform to perform polishing using the pressure of the media without scattering the media much than to perform polishing while scattering the media. By being able to perform polishing and by positioning the workpiece under the spindle and performing polishing,
It is possible to polish with the media in contact with the workpiece with sufficient pressure under the heavy pressure of the media rather than with the media scattering, and polishing in such conditions is much faster than with conventional polishing methods. In addition to providing an excellent uniform polishing surface, by positioning the workpiece below the spindle, polishing can be performed without the influence of the spindle on the workpiece, and the number of revolutions of the spindle can be made 10 to 40 mm faster than the number of rotations. It has been found that even a workpiece having a concave surface of a certain depth can be uniformly polished by a single polishing operation, giving suitable results. Furthermore, in the conventional polishing machine as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-17646, the flow direction of the media in the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the direction of rotation of the workpiece, and the media faces the workpiece. In a polishing machine, the media does not flow smoothly on the surface of the workpiece, and especially when rotating at high speed, the polished surface tends to be not striped but small irregularities, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. However, if the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is made to match the rotation direction of the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface becomes smooth, and even if the media flows at high speed, the polished surface will not be streaked. Gives a good finished surface,
The inventors discovered that the entire workpiece can be polished uniformly, and that the force required for rotation and revolution of the spindle can be reduced, thereby making it possible to downsize the device and save labor, leading to the creation of the present invention. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the polishing machine of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a polishing tank, and a media 2 is filled inside this tank. Reference numeral 3 denotes a cylindrical box supported by the fuselage (not shown), and a gear box 4 is disposed within this box 3. this gearbox 4
A cylindrical shaft body 5 is protruded from the center of the upper wall, and a ring-shaped drive pulley 6 is protruded from the upper end of the shaft body 5. The cylindrical shaft body 5 is rotatably supported by bearings 8, 8 fixed to the cylindrical box 3 and a pedestal 7 placed thereon, respectively, and the pulley 6 is supported by belts 9, 9. Although not shown, the pulley 6 is connected to a motor (not shown) through which the pulley 6 is rotated, and the cylindrical shaft body 5 and the gear box 4 are rotated together with the pulley 6. The gearbox 4 has bearings 10, 10, 10', 1 fixed to its upper and lower walls, respectively.
Two rotary shaft bodies 11, 11' are rotatably supported at the gear box 4, and these shaft bodies 1 protrude through the lower wall of the gear box 4, respectively.
Spindles 13, 13' are removably fixed to the lower ends of the spindles 1, 11' via joints 12, 12'. At the lower ends of these spindles 13, 13', jigs 14, 14' are removably attached, each having inverted L-shaped ramus 14b, 14'b protruding from downwardly extending portions 14a, 14'a. At the same time, workpieces (objects to be polished) 15, 15' are located below the spindles 13, 13' at the lower ends of the inverted L-shaped branches 14b, 14'b of these jigs 14, 14'. The rotary shaft body 1 is removably fixed so as to rotate the gearbox 4 integrally with the rotation of the gearbox 4.
1, 11', spindle 13, 13', work 1
5 and 15' rotate (revolution along a fixed gear 19, which will be described later). Further, within the cylindrical shaft body 5, a fixed shaft body 16 is provided.
is installed. The protruding upper end of the fixed shaft 16 is attached to a support 18 fixed on the ceiling plate 17 of the aircraft body.
A disc-shaped fixed gear 19 is fixed to the protruding lower end of the fixed shaft body 16. Note that bearings 20, 20 are disposed at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the cylindrical shaft 5, respectively, so that the cylindrical shaft 5 can smoothly rotate relative to the fixed shaft 16. has been done. The fixed gear 19 includes the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 1.
Ring-shaped planetary gears 2 each fixed to 1'
1 and 21' are meshed with each other, and when the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 11' rotate (revolution) due to the rotation of the gear box 4, the planetary gears 21 and 21' are meshed with the fixed gear 19, and the fixed gear 19 The rotating shafts 11, 11' and the spindles 13, 13' connected thereto
rotates (rotates), so the spindle 13,1
Workpieces 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' rotate around the axes of the spindles 13, 13'. Note that the polishing tank 1 can be moved vertically by an appropriate mechanism (not shown), and when the polishing tank 1 is at its upper limit position shown in FIG. The lower part and the works 15, 15' are embedded in the media 2 in the polishing tank 1, and the lower part of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15' are buried in the media 2 in the polishing tank 1 at the lower limit position. taken out,
Workpieces 15, 15' can be attached and detached. Next, a method of dry high-speed fluid polishing of a workpiece using the above-mentioned polishing machine will be explained. First, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, and the fabric media 2 is put into the polishing tank 1. In this case, organic media, especially wood media, such as fine powder of wood chips, small wood chips, corn, nuts, bark, etc., are excellent as the media, and the amount of media input is 60 to 90% of the polishing tank capacity. degree is suitable. Next, an abrasive in the form of paste, liquid, or powder made by mixing oil and fat with abrasive grains is added to the media 2, and the jig 1 of the spindles 13, 13' is
The polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position with no workpiece attached to 4, 14', and the motor connected to the pulley 6 is driven to rotate the pulley 6, thereby rotating the spindles 13, 13' ( (revolution and rotation). As a result, the media 2 flows, the media 2 and the abrasive are uniformly mixed, and the abrasive is attached to the surface of the media 2.
In this case, it is preferable that the amount of abrasive added is about 40 to 100 g per 1 kg of media at the beginning of the work, and then 0.2 to 1 g per 1 kg of media for each polishing operation, and that the amount of abrasive added is approximately 40 to 100 g per 1 kg of media at the beginning of the work. A mixing time of 3 to 5 minutes is usually sufficient. Next, after stopping the drive of the motor and moving the polishing tank 1 to the lower limit position, the spindles 13, 13'
The workpieces 15, 15' are attached to the jigs 14, 14', and the polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position again (the state shown in FIG. 1). When the motor is driven in this state and the pulley 6 is rotated, the cylindrical shaft body 5 and the gearbox 4 are rotated together with this rotation. 13, 13' and the workpieces 15, 15' rotate (revolution) around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16), and along with this rotation (revolution), the rotating shafts 11, 11' Planetary gears 21, 2 attached to
1' rotates along the fixed gear 19 while meshing with it, the rotating shaft bodies 11, 11' and spindles 13, 13' rotate, and the spindles 13,
A workpiece 15, 15' attached to 13' rotates around the axis of its spindle 13, 13'.
Further, the driving of the motor is switched between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals, thereby switching the above-mentioned rotation between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals. In this case, the flow direction of the dry media 2 near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank 1, which is stirred and flowed at high speed by the revolution of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15', is
This coincides with the rotation direction of 5'. Therefore, the works 15, 15' rotate in forward and reverse directions around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16) and the axes of the spindles 13, 13', and during these rotations, the workpieces 15, 15' rotate in the opposite direction. The media is brought into contact with a mixed state, and the surface of the media is polished by the action of the abrasive on the surface of the media. After polishing is completed, the drive of the motor is stopped, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, the polished workpiece is removed, new abrasive is added to the media, and the above-mentioned operations are repeated. In the above-described polishing method, the present invention allows the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank to match the direction of rotation of the workpiece, so that the flow of the media on the surface of the workpiece is smooth. Even when the media is flowed at high speed, the polished surface gives a good finished surface with stripes, and the entire workpiece can be polished uniformly.
The force required for rotation and revolution of the spindle can be reduced, and therefore the device can be downsized and labor can be saved. On the other hand, if the flow direction of the media on the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece and the media faces the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface will not be smooth, especially when rotating at high speed. This method has the problem that the polished surface is not striped but tends to have small irregularities, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. Further, in the polishing method of the present invention, the works 15, 15' are positioned below the spindles 13, 13'.
The media 2 contacts the entire surface of the workpiece 5' with sufficient pressure, and the workpieces 15 and 15' are polished uniformly and well as a whole, and the workpieces 15 and 15' are polished in one polishing operation. Excellent polished surface on all surfaces. For this reason, there is no need to change the mounting position of the workpieces 15, 15' and perform the polishing operation again after completing one polishing operation as in the conventional case.
Furthermore, there is no need to touch up and correct incompletely polished surfaces after polishing. In this regard, the effects of the present invention will be explained in more detail using the following experimental examples. Experimental Example 1 As shown in Fig. 2, it was made of iron and had a rectangular parallelepiped shape with six sides a to f measuring 50 x 50 x 120 mm, and a through screw hole g of about 8 mm was drilled in the center between the ef sides. Each surface a to f of the test work h was polished to an average roughness of 2.62μ using an endless belt #240AA. This was subjected to fluid polishing using the method described below, and the degree of finish on each side a to f was evaluated. Example of arrangement according to the present invention As shown in Fig. 3A and B, three inverted L-shaped ramus bones l are placed approximately equally on the sides of a cylindrical jig k attached to the lower end of a spindle i with screws j. The test workpieces h were attached to the lower ends of these ramus l so that the e side was the lower surface and the b side was the outer side (the surface facing the polishing tank). is located below spindle i). In addition, to attach the test workpiece h, insert the bolt m into the through hole g from the side e, and
This was done by screwing the tip of the ramus l into the ramus l (see Figure 2). Next, using a polishing machine as shown in FIG. 1 having three spindles, three test workpieces were attached to each spindle as described above, so a total of nine test workpieces were attached. Flow polishing was performed using the method described above. The polishing tank is 80, the media amount is 60, and the abrasive is a mixture of oil and abrasive grains.
2.5Kg was used. Also, the rotation speed of the spindle is
150rp.m, gear ratio of fixed gear and planetary gear is 1:1
The polishing time was 8 minutes in total, 4 minutes in forward rotation and 4 minutes in reverse rotation. Comparative Example As shown in Figures 4A and B, three ramus bones L extending horizontally are spaced at approximately equal intervals on the side of a cylindrical jig k attached to the bottom of a spindle i with screws j. The test workpiece h was fixed to the tips of these ramus l' with its e side facing outward (the surface facing the polishing tank) and its a side facing upward, and as shown in Fig. 4A.
The work piece was installed at an angle of 30° to the right with respect to the axis of the middle spindle i (the test work h is located on the side of the spindle i). Next, with the test workpieces attached to the three spindles in the above-described postures, fluid polishing was performed in the same manner as in the arrangement example of the present invention.
However, the polishing time was 2 minutes in forward rotation and 2 minutes in reverse rotation for a total of 4 minutes. Next, as shown in Figure 4C, the test workpiece was installed by tilting it 30 degrees to the left with respect to the axis of spindle i. ), similarly forward rotation 2
Fluid polishing was performed for a total of 4 minutes (therefore, the total polishing time was 8 minutes), with 2 minutes and 2 minutes of reverse rotation. Visual observation of the polished surface obtained by the above fluidized polishing and surface roughness meter (MODEL-
The results of surface roughness measurement using SE3C) are shown below. Visual observation As a result of visual observation of the degree of removal of grinding marks from the #240 belt, it was found that in the comparative example, the degree of removal was poor overall on surface e, followed by approximately the same degree of removal on surfaces a, b, and c. , the f-plane was removed to a relatively good degree. On the other hand, in the arrangement example of the present invention, the e-plane was the best, and the a, b, c, d, and f planes were also well polished. Surface roughness measurement results

[Table] The roughness of three places on each surface was measured before and after polishing.
Shows the average value at three locations on each side. From the above results, it is recognized that the polished finish on the surface where the media does not scatter much is good. In other words, although surfaces a, c, and e of comparative examples are surfaces that relatively scatter media, it is recognized that the degree of polishing of these surfaces that scatter media is inferior to other surfaces that do not scatter media so much. It will be done. In addition, the f, e, and b surfaces of the inventive arrangement example correspond to the a, c, and e surfaces of the comparative example, respectively, but in the results of the inventive arrangement example, each of the surfaces a to f including these surfaces It can be seen that the two surfaces are polished almost uniformly. As a result of the studies conducted by the present inventors, by positioning the workpiece below the spindle and at the lower part of the polishing tank, f, e,
The b-side hardly scatters the media,
The entire surface including these surfaces is polished by the heavy pressure of the media, and by placing the work below the spindle in this way, the media is not in a state where it is disturbed, but in a state where the media has little flow. It has been discovered that when a workpiece is polished under pressure due to weight, the entire surface of the workpiece can be finished uniformly and satisfactorily in one polishing operation. Furthermore, from the above results, it is recognized that there is no inconvenience such as the spindle casting a shadow on the workpiece, and that the workpiece can be well polished without being affected by the spindle. Furthermore, the conventional method (comparative example)
Fix the workpiece on the jig, raise the polishing tank,
After rotating the spindle and performing fluid polishing,
Lower the polishing tank, change the posture of the workpiece,
Next, the polishing tank is raised, the spindle is rotated, and fluid polishing is performed again. This requires a large number of steps, and the total polishing time is also long. Furthermore, each surface does not always have a good finish, and the finish after polishing is poor. Although it is necessary to repair inferior surfaces, by positioning the workpiece below the spindle, polishing can be done without having to temporarily stop the polishing operation during polishing and change the posture of the workpiece, making the process faster. The number of polishing tools is reduced, the polishing time is shortened, and each surface can be polished uniformly and well. Note that the mounting manner of the workpiece is not limited to the above-mentioned one, and any manner may be used as long as the workpiece is positioned below the spindle. For example, the mounting manner of the workpiece as shown in FIG. 5 may be adopted. The work mounting mode shown in FIG. 5 also exhibits the same effect as the case shown in FIG. 2. In the present invention, in the above polishing method,
The number of planetary gears 21, 21' is larger than that of the fixed gear 19, and the revolution speed of the spindles 13, 13' is made larger than the rotation speed, so that the workpieces 15, 15' are By making the rotational speed higher than the rotational speed with respect to the axis of the spindles 13 and 13', it is possible to prevent polishing from occurring on the relatively deep concave surface, for example, a workpiece with a depth of 10 to 40 mm. The entire surface including concave surfaces can be polished well without any inconvenience. In this case, in order to effectively achieve the effects of the present invention, the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' is preferably 1:1.2 to 1:3, particularly 1:1.5.
It is preferable to set the ratio to 1:2.5. That is, as a result of the studies conducted by the present inventors, the number of gears of the planetary gear is larger than that of the fixed gear, and the gear ratio is set to 1:1.2 to 1:3, especially 1:1.5 to 1:2.5, and the rotation speed of the spindle is increased. It has been confirmed that if the workpiece is made slower than the revolution speed to limit changes in the posture of the workpiece, it is possible to uniformly polish a workpiece with a relatively deep concave surface over the entire surface, including the concave surface.The following is an example of this. shows. Experimental Example 2 A workpiece similar to that shown in Experimental Example 1 was used, except that the center part of the a-plane had a major axis of 45 mm, a minor axis of 35 mm, and
A semi-elliptical spherical recess n with a depth of 15 mm at the center was formed, and polishing was performed at the gear ratio and rotational speed shown in the table below in the same manner as the arrangement example of the present invention in Experimental Example 1. (A cone with a diameter of approximately 3 mm was used).

[Table] The above polishing results are shown in FIGS. 6 to 8. In these drawings, hatched areas indicate unpolished areas, and unshaded areas indicate polished areas. From these results, when the fixed-planetary gear ratio is 7:1, only about 15 to 20% of the concave surface is polished (8th
In the case of 3:1 as well, polishing residue was left on the bottom of the concave surface (FIG. 7), but in the case of 1:2, it was observed that the entire concave surface was well polished (FIG. 6). The method of the present invention can be used for polishing workpieces for which this type of fluid polishing has been conventionally applied, as well as club heads, wash fittings, automobile parts, and deburring mechanical and electrical parts. It can be suitably applied to objects such as milk cups, pots, etc., and in particular, by making the revolution speed of the spindle (work) faster than the rotation speed, it can be applied to relatively deep concave surfaces, such as 10 to 40 mm.
A workpiece having a concave surface of mm can be effectively used. Note that the polishing machine used in the present invention is not limited to the one shown in the drawings. For example, it is possible to use a polishing tank having a substantially arcuate cross-sectional shape in which the center part of the side part bulges outward from the upper and lower parts of the side part.
Better polishing can be achieved by increasing the contact pressure. Furthermore, as a polishing machine, as shown by the dashed line in FIG. It can also be removably protruded by the media 2.
The contact pressure against the workpieces 15, 15' can be increased. In this case, by providing the inclined portion 23, the scattered media can easily fall by itself, but the shape of the cover body 24 is not limited to this and can be changed in various ways. It is sufficient as long as it can suppress the rise of media. Further, the cover body 24 may be provided at the upper part of the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank, but when moving the polishing tank up and down, the workpiece attached to the spindle hits the cover body 24, which obstructs the loading and unloading of the workpiece. This should be avoided. Note that the width of the cover body 24 (the protruding length of the horizontal part) is not necessarily limited, but it is possible to introduce damaged media, polishing debris, etc. from an air blowing pipe (not shown) provided at the bottom of the polishing tank 1. It is preferable that a clearance is formed to ensure air circulation when the dust is scattered by air and discharged from a dust collection pipe (not shown) disposed on the upper wall of the cylindrical box 3. Note that the planetary gear, the number of spindles, the shape of the cylindrical box, etc. are not limited to the above embodiments.
Various changes may be made. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned polishing method, an abrasive agent made of a mixture of oil and abrasive grains is added to the fabric medium, and the polishing operation is performed after premixing and coating the surface of the media with the abrasive agent. This simplifies the operation and can drastically reduce the lining cost, but of course it is also possible to use a media coated with oil and abrasive grains in advance as in the conventional method. Note that it is also possible to use a method in which the media that is initially introduced is coated with oil and abrasive grains, and then the abrasive is introduced. In addition, the oils and fats that make up the abrasive include animal and vegetable mineral oils, various fatty acids, wax,
Metal soap etc. are used, and alumina, silica, iron oxide, chromium oxide, alundum, etc. are used as abrasive grains.
WA, calcium carbonate, etc. can be used. In this case, the weight ratio of oil and fat to abrasive grains is preferably 30:70 to 70:30. Furthermore, other configurations of the present invention can be variously modified without departing from the gist of the present invention. As described in detail above, the present invention revolves a planetary gear meshing with a fixed gear while revolving around the fixed gear, thereby causing a spindle connected to the planetary gear to revolve and rotate on its own axis. The work is rotated and the dry media filled in the polishing tank is agitated by the rotation of the spindle and the work, so that the flow direction of the dry media near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank is the same as the rotation direction of the spindle and the work. A fluid polishing method and device for polishing a workpiece with an abrasive agent attached to the dry media flowing at high speed while flowing the workpiece at high speed so as to match the workpiece,
The work is positioned below the spindle, and the number of gears of the planetary gear is greater than the number of gears of the fixed gear, so that the revolution speed is made faster than the rotation speed to polish the work.
Even if the workpiece has a relatively deep concave surface, the workpiece can be uniformly and well fluid-polished in one polishing operation.
Very efficient polishing can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a polishing machine used in carrying out the method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a workpiece used in an experiment to determine the quality of polishing by the method of the present invention and the conventional method, and Fig. 3 Figure 4 explains an example of how a workpiece is attached according to the method of the present invention, A is a side view, B is a sectional view taken along line B-B, and Figure 4 explains how a workpiece is attached according to the conventional method. A is a side view, B is a sectional view taken along the line B-B, C is a side view after the posture has been changed, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another example of the method of attaching a work according to the method of the present invention , 6th
8 are plan views showing concave polishing conditions when the gear ratios of the fixed gear and the planetary gear are 1:2, 3:1, and 7:1, respectively. 1... Polishing tank, 2... Media, 13, 13',
i...spindle, 15, 15', h...work,
19... Fixed gear, 21, 21'... Planetary gear.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Planetary gears 21 and 2 that mesh with the fixed gear 19
1' revolves around the fixed gear 19 and rotates on its own axis, thereby causing the spindles 13, 13' connected to the planetary gears 21, 21' to revolve and rotate, and the workpiece 15 attached to the spindles 13, 13' , 15' are rotated, and the dry media 2 filled in the polishing tank 1 is stirred by the rotation of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15'. The flow direction near the peripheral wall is the spindle 1.
3, 13' and the workpieces 15, 15', and the workpieces 15, 15' are polished by the abrasive adhering to this high-speed flowing dry media. The method comprises positioning the workpieces 15, 15' below the spindles 13, 13', and
The number of gears of the planetary gears 21, 21' is fixed gear 1.
A dry high-speed fluid polishing method characterized in that the workpieces 15, 15' are polished by making the revolution speed faster than the rotation speed by setting the number of gears to be greater than 9. 2. Claim 1, in which the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' is 1:1.2 to 1:3.
The method described in section.