JPH0260466B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a dry high-speed fluid polishing method and a polishing machine used therein, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a dry high-speed fluid polishing method and a polishing machine used therein. This invention relates to a high-speed fluid polishing method and a polishing machine. Conventionally, a workpiece (object to be polished) attached to a spindle is placed in a polishing tank filled with media to which abrasive grains and oil are attached, and the workpiece is rotated in the media by rotating the spindle in forward and reverse directions and rotating on its own axis. It is known to polish a workpiece by making it flow at high speed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 17646/1983). However, conventional sanding machines of this type usually
If a drive energy of 60 horsepower or more is required, and the drive energy is very high, and the workpiece has a relatively deep concave shape, such as a spoon or ladle with a depth of 5 to 100 mm, It has the disadvantage that the entire surface including the concave surface cannot be polished uniformly. Furthermore, as an abrasive material, wood media coated with oil and abrasive grains is supplied and filled into the abrasive tank (as described in the above-mentioned publication and Japanese Patent Publication No. 1973-
9898), this abrasive material was used to polish a workpiece, but creating an abrasive material in which a wood-based medium is coated with oil and abrasive grains is time-consuming and costly. This type of abrasive material has poor polishing durability, and when its abrasive power decreases, it is necessary to replace it with a new abrasive material, which poses problems in terms of operability and running costs. The present invention has been made to improve the above-mentioned situation, and it is possible to uniformly polish the entire surface of a workpiece having a relatively deep concave surface, such as a spoon, including the concave surface, and to reduce the driving energy.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a dry high-speed fluid polishing method that allows simple polishing operations and significantly reduces running costs, and a polishing machine used therein. That is, the present inventors have conducted various studies to achieve the above object, and have found that conventional dry high-speed fluidized sanders usually have a gear ratio of about 7:1 to 5:1 between the fixed gear and the planetary gear. In this way, the number of fixed gears is greater than the number of planetary gears, and as a result, the spindle itself is rotated 5 times before the spindle with the workpiece attached revolves once around the center of the polishing tank.
The number of rotations is considerably higher than the number of revolutions, but in this case, when polishing a workpiece with a concave surface that is 5 to 100 mm deep, the concave surface will not be polished. On the other hand, if the number of planetary gears is larger than that of the fixed gear, or if the number of rotations is decreased, a relatively deep concave surface, such as the one described above, will form.
It has been found that it is possible to uniformly polish the entire surface of a workpiece having a concave surface of approximately 100 mm, including the concave surface, to improve the polishing finish on the concave surface, and to reduce driving energy. Furthermore, in the conventional polishing machine as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 37-17646, the flow direction of the media in the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the direction of rotation of the workpiece, and the media faces the workpiece. In a polishing machine, the flow of media on the work surface is not smooth;
Particularly when rotating at high speed, the polished surface tends to have small irregularities instead of stripes, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. However, if the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is made to match the rotation direction of the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface becomes smooth, and even if the media flows at high speed, the polished surface will not be streaked. It has been discovered that the entire workpiece can be uniformly polished by giving a good finished surface, and the force required for the rotation and revolution of the spindle can be reduced, making it possible to downsize the device and save labor. Furthermore,
Instead of putting media with oil and abrasive grains attached into the polishing tank, we put the fabric media into the polishing tank and add a small amount of abrasive prepared by mixing the oil and abrasive grains with each operation. It was discovered that by adopting this method, the cost of polishing materials can be reduced to about 1/10, and the entire surface of a workpiece with a concave surface can be polished efficiently, with ease of operation, and at reduced costs. However, the present invention has been completed. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the polishing machine of the present invention. In the figure, 1 is a polishing tank, and a media 2 is filled inside this tank. 3 is a cylindrical box supported by the fuselage (not shown), and a gearbox 4 is housed within this cylindrical box 3. A cylindrical shaft body 5 is protruded from the center of the upper wall of the gearbox 4, and a ring-shaped drive pulley 6 is protruded from the upper end of the shaft body 5. The cylindrical shaft body 5
is rotatably supported by bearings 8, 8 fixed to the cylindrical box 3 and a pedestal 7 placed thereon, respectively, and the pulley 6 is connected via belts 9, 9 (not shown). The pulley 6 is rotated by the drive of the motor, and the cylindrical shaft body 5 and gear box 4 are rotated together with the pulley 6. The gearbox 4 has bearings 10, 10, 10', 1 fixed to its upper and lower walls, respectively.
Two rotating shaft bodies 11 and 11' are rotatably supported at the gear box 4, and these shaft bodies 1 protrude through the lower wall of the gear box 4, respectively.
Spindles 13, 13' are removably fixed to the lower ends of the spindles 1, 11' via joints 12, 12'. At the bottom of these spindles 13, 13', jigs 14, 14' are removably attached, respectively.
Workpieces (objects to be polished) 15, 15' are removably fixed to 4', and as the gearbox 4 rotates, the rotating shafts 11, 11' and spindles 13, 1
3', the works 15, 15' are configured to rotate (revolution along a fixed gear 19, which will be described later). Further, within the cylindrical shaft body 5, a fixed shaft body 16 is provided.
is installed. The protruding upper end of the fixed shaft 16 is attached to a support 18 fixed on the ceiling plate 17 of the aircraft body.
A disc-shaped fixed gear 19 is fixed to the protruding lower end of the fixed shaft body 16. Note that bearings 20, 20 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the inner wall of the cylindrical shaft 5, respectively, so that the cylindrical shaft 5 can smoothly rotate relative to the fixed shaft 16. It is configured. The fixed gear 19 includes the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 1.
Ring-shaped planetary gears 2 each fixed to 1'
1 and 21' are meshed with each other, and when the rotating shaft bodies 11 and 11' rotate (revolution) due to the rotation of the gear box 4, the planetary gears 21 and 21' are meshed with the fixed gear 19, and the fixed gear 19 The rotating shafts 11, 11' and the spindles 13, 13' connected thereto
rotates (rotates), so the spindle 13,1
Workpieces 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' rotate around the axes of the spindles 13, 13'. Here, the planetary gears 21, 21'
The number of gears is greater than that of the fixed gear 19. Note that the polishing tank 1 can be moved vertically by an appropriate mechanism (not shown), and when the polishing tank 1 is at its upper limit position shown in FIG. The lower part and the works 15, 15' are embedded in the media 2 in the polishing tank 1, and the lower part of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15' are buried in the media 2 in the polishing tank 1 at the lower limit position. taken out,
Workpieces 15, 15' can be attached and detached. Next, a method of dry high-speed fluid polishing of a workpiece using the above-mentioned polishing machine will be explained. First, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, and the fabric media 2 is put into the polishing tank 1. In this case, organic media, especially wood media, such as fine powder of wood chips, small wood chips, corn, nuts, bark, etc., are excellent as the media, and the amount of media input is 60 to 90% of the polishing tank capacity. degree is suitable. Next, an abrasive in the form of liquid, paste, or powder made by mixing oil and fat with abrasive grains is added to the media 2, and the jig 1 of the spindles 13, 13' is
The polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position with no workpiece attached to 4, 14', and the motor connected to the pulley 6 is driven to rotate the pulley 6, thereby rotating the spindles 13, 13' ( (revolution and rotation). As a result, the media 2 flows, the media 2 and the abrasive are uniformly mixed, and the abrasive is attached to the surface of the media 2.
In this case, the amount of abrasive added is preferably 40 to 80 g per 1 kg of media at the beginning of the work, and then 0.2 to 1 g per 1 kg of media for each polishing operation, and the amount of abrasive added is 40 to 80 g per 1 kg of media at the beginning of the work. A mixing time of 3 to 5 minutes is usually sufficient. Next, after stopping the drive of the motor and moving the polishing tank 1 to the lower limit position, the spindles 13, 13'
The workpieces 15, 15' are attached to the jigs 14, 14', and the polishing tank 1 is moved to the upper limit position again (the state shown in FIG. 1). When the motor is driven in this state and the pulley 6 is rotated, the cylindrical shaft body 5 and the gearbox 4 are rotated together with this rotation. 13, 13' and the workpieces 15, 15' rotate (revolution) around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16), and along with this rotation (revolution), the rotating shafts 11, 11' Planetary gears 21, 2 attached to
1' rotates along the fixed gear 19 while meshing with it, the rotating shaft bodies 11, 11' and spindles 13, 13' rotate, and the spindles 13,
A workpiece 15, 15' attached to 13' rotates around the axis of its spindle 13, 13'.
Further, the driving of the motor is switched between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals, thereby switching the above-mentioned rotation between forward and reverse directions at predetermined time intervals. In this case, the flow direction of the dry media 2 near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank 1, which is stirred and flowed at high speed by the revolution of the spindles 13, 13' and the works 15, 15', is
This coincides with the rotation direction of 5'. Therefore, the works 15, 15' rotate in forward and reverse directions around the central axis of the gearbox 4 (the axis of the fixed shaft 16) and the axes of the spindles 13, 13', and during these rotations, the workpieces 15, 15' rotate in the opposite direction. The media is brought into contact with a mixed state, and the surface of the media is polished by the action of the abrasive on the surface of the media. After polishing is completed, the drive of the motor is stopped, the polishing tank 1 is moved to the lower limit position, the polished workpiece is removed, new abrasive is added to the media, and the above-mentioned operations are repeated. In the present invention, in the above polishing method,
By forming the planetary gears 21, 21' with a larger number of gears than the fixed gear 19 and reducing the rotation speed, a relatively deep concave surface, for example, a depth of 5 to 100 mm, is formed.
In particular, for workpieces such as spoons and ladles with a diameter of 10 to 50 mm, the entire surface including the concave surface can be polished satisfactorily without the inconvenience of leaving polishing residue on the concave surface. In this case, in order to effectively achieve such effects of the present invention, the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' should be 1:1.2 to 1:4, preferably 1:1.2 to 1:4. The ratio is preferably 1:3, particularly 1:1.5 to 1:2.5. Also, the rotational speed of the pulley 6, therefore the cylindrical shaft body 5, and the gearbox 4 (i.e., the spindles 13, 1
3' revolution number) is 100r.pm or more, preferably 100~
It is preferable to set it to 400r.pm, especially 150-350r.pm. Furthermore, it is preferable that the forward and reverse rotation be reversed once every 2 to 5 minutes, and it is also preferable that the forward and reverse rotation be performed once or twice during one polishing operation. The entire surface of a workpiece having a diameter of 5 to 100 mm, particularly 10 to 50 mm, can be polished well in about 5 to 10 minutes. Furthermore, in the present invention, the driving energy is only about 15 to 30 horsepower. To explain in more detail the effects of the present invention described above, in conventional devices of this type, the fixed gear has more gears than the planetary gear, and the gear ratio is usually the former: the latter =
The ratio was 5:1 to 7:1, but when the shape of the workpiece had a relatively deep concave surface, the concave surface was not polished well and left unpolished surfaces. In other words, in conventional devices, the number of gears in the fixed gear is greater than the number of gears in the planetary gear, thereby making the rotation speed much higher than the revolution speed of the spindle. abrasive)
This method was designed to increase uniformity of polishing on the workpiece by increasing the number of posture changes, but as mentioned above, for workpieces with a relatively deep concave surface, polishing remained on the concave surface. . Furthermore, in the case of conventional devices, the driving energy, especially the load at the time of starting, is large, and a high horsepower motor is required. On the other hand, as a result of studies conducted by the present inventors, the number of gears of the planetary gear is larger than that of the fixed gear, and the gear ratio is particularly 1:1.2 to 1:3, especially 1:1.5 to 1:2.5.
We confirmed that by slowing down the spindle's rotational speed and restricting the changes in the workpiece's posture, it was possible to unexpectedly polish a workpiece with a relatively deep concave surface uniformly over the entire surface, including the concave surface. An experimental example will be shown. In other words, the workpiece has a head depth of 15 mm and a major diameter of 45 mm.
mm, using a dessert spoon with a short diameter of 35 mm,
Two fixed gears with the diameter shown in the table below are placed opposite each other.
Using a device with a size of 1000 mm (total diameter of the entire gear) in which 2 planetary gears are meshed, 15 spoons (30 spoons in total) are placed on each spindle attached to the center of the 2 planetary gears. ) Each spoon was installed vertically with the head facing downward, and the planetary gear (spindle) was rotated at a revolution speed of 360 rpm, and the polishing time was 4 minutes in both forward and reverse directions, for a total of 8 minutes. In this case, the spindle is placed closer to the inner wall of the polishing tank.
They were installed so that they were 200mm apart. In addition,
The polishing tank in the example is 1000, and the media (approximately 3
80% of the volume of the abrasive tank (mm diameter cone) and 3 kg of abrasive mixed with mixed oil and alumina.
The media was coated with abrasive by a preliminary run prior to the polishing operation. In addition, the comparative examples also used media and abrasives in similar proportions.

[Table] The above polishing results are shown in Figures 2 to 4. In these drawings, hatched areas indicate polished areas, and unshaded areas indicate unpolished areas. From these results, when the fixed-planetary gear ratio was 7:1, only about 15 to 20% of the concave surface was polished (Fig. 4), and when the ratio was 3:1, there was also some unpolished portion at the bottom of the concave surface (Figure 4). It was observed that when the ratio (Fig. 3) was 1:2, the entire concave surface was well polished (Fig. 2). Therefore, as is clear from the above, according to the present invention, the polishing finish on the concave surface of the workpiece can be greatly improved, and the driving energy can be reduced. In this case, in the present invention, the planetary gear diameter is larger than the fixed gear diameter, and the rotation speed is therefore small.
It is less susceptible to resistance from the media and does not destroy the fluidized layer of media created by the revolution.
That is, the media is less likely to be thrown off by the rotation of the workpiece, and the contact time of the media with the workpiece is relatively long. Therefore, the media can reliably contact the bottom of the concave surface of the workpiece, and the bottom can be polished well, and as mentioned above, it is less susceptible to resistance from the media, so the overall driving energy can be reduced. It is. On the other hand, in the comparative example, the planetary gear diameter is small compared to the fixed gear diameter, and therefore the rotation speed is very high, so the workpiece receives large resistance from the media, and this resistance partly increases the polishing speed. However, most of the force acts as a reaction force that causes the work to scatter the media, causing the media to be blown away.
The fluidized bed of the media due to revolution is destroyed, the contact time of the media with the workpiece is extremely short, and the contact of the media with the bottom of the concave surface is poor, so the bottom of the concave surface is not polished sufficiently and the drive energy increases as well as the rotation speed. (according to the inventor's experiments, the effect on drive energy is greater for rotation than for revolution), and the resistance of the media against the workpiece increases, resulting in an overall increase in energy. Here, in the present invention, the revolution number is set to 100 rpm or more, but the revolution number affects the speed at which the polishing media flows along the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank, and if the revolution number is 100 rpm or more, the media rotates at high speed and the density on the peripheral wall of the polishing tank increases,
The contact pressure with the workpiece is increased, making polishing possible in a short time. However, if the revolution number is lower than this, the flow speed of the media decreases, the density of the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank does not increase much, and the contact pressure with the workpiece decreases significantly, causing a problem that the polishing force decreases. Therefore, according to the present invention, by setting the revolution speed to 100 rpm or more, the flow speed of the media is increased and at the same time the density of the flow is increased, and by making the number of planetary gears larger than the fixed gears and reducing the rotation speed, the above-mentioned The fluidized bed of the media due to revolution is less likely to be destroyed, and the media reliably contacts and polishes the concave surface of the workpiece, resulting in a good polishing finish on the concave surface of the workpiece as described above, and enables reduction of driving energy. It is something. Furthermore, in the polishing method of the present invention, the flow direction of the media near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank matches the rotational direction of the workpiece, so the flow of the media on the workpiece surface is smooth and the media can flow at high speed. The polished surface gives a good finished surface with stripes, and the entire workpiece can be polished uniformly.
The force required for revolution can be reduced, and therefore the device can be downsized and labor can be saved. On the other hand, if the media flow direction on the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank is opposite to the rotation direction of the workpiece, and the media faces the workpiece, the flow of the media on the workpiece surface will not be smooth, and polishing will occur, especially if the workpiece is rotated at high speed. The problem is that the surface is not striped and tends to have small irregularities, making it difficult to obtain a clean polished surface. Furthermore, in the above-mentioned fluidized polishing method, the present invention does not use a media whose surface is coated with oil and abrasive grains as the polishing material, but mixes a small amount of oil and abrasive grains with the cloth media for each cycle of polishing operation. This method eliminates the need to prepare and use a media coated with oil and abrasive grains in advance, as is the case in the past. Furthermore, since it is only necessary to add an abrasive when the media loses its abrasive power, there is no need to replace the entire media, which simplifies the overall operability. In this case, in the present invention, when coating the media with the abrasive, the spindle revolves and rotates to fluidize the media and mix the media and the abrasive evenly and reliably. Since the action of coating the abrasive on the media is promoted, the abrasive can be easily coated on the media in a short time (usually 3 to 5 minutes). In addition, in the conventional method, the polishing power of the media was decreased and uniform polishing was often not achieved, but in the present invention,
Since the media is coated with fresh abrasive after each cycle (one polishing operation), good polishing is always achieved. Furthermore, by employing such a method of the present invention, running costs are significantly reduced. That is, in the present invention, the amount of abrasive required for one cycle may be 0.2 to 1 g per 1 kg of media, which is inexpensive. When comparing this with the conventional method, excluding the cost of abrasive materials put into the abrasive tank at the beginning of operation, the amount of abrasive of the present invention is 0.4% per 1 kg of media per cycle as described above.
In the case of 80 kg of media, the average amount used 60 times a day is 1.92 kg, whereas the conventional method using oil and abrasive coated abrasive media requires 40 kg of abrasive media per day, which is When converted into , the cost of the method of the present invention is drastically reduced by about 1/10 of that of the conventional method. This is because the conventional method requires a lot of cost to coat the media with oil, fat, and abrasive grains in advance, and because only a certain amount of oil, fat, and abrasive grains adhere to the media surface, it wears out relatively quickly and is often used. whereas it needs to be replaced with new media.
This is because the present invention requires the use of a small amount of abrasive and eliminates the extra cost of coating the media with an abrasive. In the present invention, animal and vegetable mineral oils, various fatty acids, waxes, metal soaps, etc. are used as the oils and fats constituting the abrasive, and alumina, silica, iron oxide, chromium oxide, alundum, etc. are used as the abrasive grains.
WA, calcium carbonate, etc. can be used. Alternatively, a method may be adopted in which a medium coated with oil and fat and abrasive grains is used as the first medium to be introduced, and the abrasive is subsequently introduced. Further, although two spindles are provided in the above embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this, and other configurations can be variously modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention. As detailed above, according to the method of the present invention, the planetary gear meshing with the fixed gear is caused to revolve and rotate along the fixed gear at a speed of 100 rpm or more, thereby causing the spindle connected to the planetary gear to revolve and rotate. The workpiece attached to the spindle is rotated, and the dry media filled in the polishing tank is stirred by the rotation of the spindle and the workpiece, so that the dry media is moved in the direction of flow near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank. A fluidized polishing method and apparatus in which the fluidized medium is made to flow at high speed so as to coincide with the rotational direction of the spindle and the workpiece, and the workpiece is polished by the abrasive agent attached to this high-speed flowing dry media, the method and apparatus comprising: By adding an abrasive agent made of a mixture of oil, fat and abrasive grains to the media, and coating the surface of the media with the abrasive agent by fluidly mixing, the number of gears of the planetary gear is greater than the number of gears of the fixed gear. Since the workpiece is polished at a low rotational speed, it is possible to polish a workpiece with a relatively deep concave surface to a uniform and good surface condition over the entire surface, including the concave surface of the workpiece, and to reduce the driving energy. In addition, the polishing operation is simple and running costs can be reduced, and the polishing machine of the present invention can suitably polish a workpiece having a concave surface as described above.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 to 4 are desserts when the gear ratios of the fixed gear and the planetary gear are 1:2, 3:1, and 7:1, respectively. This explains the polished state of the concave portion of the spoon, with A being an explanatory plan view and B being an explanatory longitudinal cross-sectional view. 1... Polishing tank, 2... Media, 13, 13'... Spindle, 15, 15'... Workpiece, 19... Fixed gear, 21, 21'... Planetary gear.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Planetary gears 21 and 2 that mesh with the fixed gear 19
The spindles 13, 1 are connected to the planetary gears 21, 21' by rotating the spindles 1' along the fixed gear 19 at a speed of 100 rpm or more.
3' revolves and rotates, and the spindles 13,
The dry media 2 filled in the polishing tank 1 by rotating the works 15, 15' attached to the polishing tank 13'.
the spindles 13, 13' and the workpiece 15,
By stirring the dry media 2 by the rotation of the polishing tank 1, the flow direction of the dry media 2 near the inner peripheral wall of the polishing tank 1 is aligned with the spindles 13, 13' and the workpiece 15,
In the dry high-speed fluid polishing method, in which the workpieces 15, 15' are polished by the abrasive agent attached to the dry media flowing at high speed, the workpieces 15, 15' are polished at high speed so as to match the rotational direction of the polishing tank 1. An abrasive agent made by mixing oil and fat and abrasive grains is added to the media 2, and the surface of the media 2 is coated with the abrasive agent by fluid mixing, and then the planetary gears 21, 2
A dry high-speed fluid polishing method characterized in that workpieces 15, 15' are polished with the number of gears 1' being greater than the number of fixed gears 19. 2. Claim 1, in which the gear ratio between the fixed gear 19 and the planetary gears 21, 21' is 1:1.2 to 1:3.
The method described in section. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the amount of abrasive added is 0.2 to 1 g per 1 kg of media per polishing operation. 4 Fixed gear 19 and planetary gear 2 meshing with it
1 and 21', and by rotating the planetary gears 21 and 21' along the fixed gear 19 while revolving at a speed of 100 rpm or more, the planetary gears 21 and 2
The spindles 13, 13' connected to the polishing tank 1' are made to revolve and rotate, and the works 15, 15' attached to the spindles 13, 13' are rotated. , 13' and the workpieces 15, 15', the flow direction of the dry media 2 near the inner circumferential wall of the polishing tank 1 coincides with the rotation direction of the spindle 13, 13' and the workpieces 15, 15'. The dry high-speed fluid polishing machine is configured to flow at high speed so that the planetary gears 21, 2 are in agreement with each other, and to polish the works 15, 15' with the abrasive agent attached to the high-speed flowing dry media.
A dry high-speed fluid polishing machine characterized in that the number of gears 1' is greater than the number of fixed gears 19. 5 Gear ratio of fixed gear and planetary gear is 1:1.2~
The polishing machine according to claim 4, wherein the ratio is 1:3.