JPH0241060B2 - PUROGURAMUTSUKIKOGATADENSHIKEISANKI - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] This invention provides a small electronic computer with a program that can perform manual calculations, and when the calculation result is negative and a calculation formula is input using the result, the negative data is automatically placed in parentheses. This invention relates to a small electronic computer with a program that can be wrapped around the computer.

In recent years, small electronic computers that can use BASIC languages have been put into practical use.
You can perform not only program calculations but also manual calculations. For example, if you input a key such as 2×3+SIN(30)EXE, you will get the calculation result "6.5". Furthermore, the calculation formula can be continued using the obtained result. For example, when the above result "6.5" is displayed, it is 6.5×π×√3EXE. However, such a computer has a drawback that, depending on the type of calculation, when the calculation result is a negative number, the sign may be reversed. Now, for example, if the result of the operation is "-2", if you perform an operation like -2↑2 (↑ represents a power), the result of the operation will be "-2".
4", which would lead to incorrect results.

This invention was made in view of the above points,
The object of the present invention is to provide a small-sized electronic computer with a program that can perform manual calculations and outputs the result of calculation by enclosing the numerical value in brackets when the result of calculation is negative.

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a small electronic computer equipped with statistical calculation functions and program calculation functions written in BASIC language. In the figure, 11
is a keyboard with numeric keys and various function keys. Among the various function keys listed above, the ``STAT'' key is used to input statistical data, the ``DEL'' key is used to delete statistical data once input, the ``STOP'' key is used to stop operation, and the ``CONT'' key is used to continue operation. , "EXE" to start executing the operation
Contains keys etc. This keyboard 11
It is connected to a CPU (central processing unit) 12 via a bus line, and a key sampling signal is input from the CPU 12. And the above keyboard 11
From there, key operation signals are input to the upper CPU 12.
The detailed configuration of the CPU 12 will be described later.
Further, a printer 13 and a display driver 14 are connected to the CPU 12, respectively. A display device 15 that displays dots using a liquid crystal, for example, is connected to the display driver 14, and the CPU 1
A drive signal for driving the liquid crystal is sent to the display device 15 according to the display data sent from the display device 2. Furthermore, the CPU 12 has ANS memory 16,
ANS code determination circuit 17, SD.LR determination circuit 18,
A memory 19 equipped with a TX.TY register, an array determination circuit 20, a data memory 21, a character memory 22,
program memory 23, statistical data control unit 24,
A WAIT memory 25 is connected to each.
The ANS memory 16 is a memory in which the program stored in the program memory 23 is executed and numerical data output to the printer 13 or display device 15 according to the print command (display command) in the program is temporarily held. Reading and writing of data is controlled by a read/write signal R/W sent from the CPU 12. Also, above
The ANS memory 16 has a flag area indicating whether or not the held numerical data is a negative number, and when the numerical data is a negative number, a “1” signal is sent to the ANS sign determination circuit 17 via the signal line a. will be sent to. This ANS code determination circuit 17 includes the CPU 1
A judgment request signal b sent from 2 is input. Further, in response to the determination request signal b, the ANS sign determination circuit 17 sends a determination signal c indicating whether or not the numerical data held in the ANS memory 16 is a negative number.
is sent to the CPU 12. The ANS code determination circuit 17 also includes an internal flip-flop (not shown).
A set signal d and a reset signal e are input from the CPU 12. From this ANS code determination circuit 17, the Q output of the flip-flop is sent to the CPU 12 as a signal f. Key input data is input from the CPU 12 to the SD.LR determination circuit 18, and it is determined whether the data input from the keyboard 11 is single-input statistical data or two-input statistical data. This determination is made when inputting statistical data by operating the "STAT" key on the keyboard 11, detecting the "," code keyed between x data and y data, and indicating that the input statistical data is simple. One input of statistical data detects two inputs of statistical data. This SD.
When the LR determination circuit 18 detects the "," code, it sends a detection signal g to the CPU 12. Also, the above
A reset signal h is input from the CPU 12 to the SD.LR determination circuit 18. Furthermore, SD.LR judgment circuit 1
Statistical data is sent from 8 to memory 19, with x data stored in the TX register and y data stored in the TY register. The above arrangement determination circuit 20
is for determining the dimensions of variables of the program stored in the program memory 23, and a signal i indicating the dimensions of the variables is sent to the CPU 12. next,
The data memory 21 stores variable data or one-dimensional or two-dimensional array data.

The character memory 22 stores data to be displayed and output, and the number of characters that can be stored is variable. However, the data memory 21
The character variables that can be stored in the character memory 22 are each seven characters, but the capacity of the character variables that can be stored in the character memory 22 is, for example, 30 characters. Further, the program memory 23 stores a user program, and the user program is sent to the CPU 12 and executed. Further, the statistical data control section 24 is provided with a memory that stores basic statistics, and this memory stores the frequency n, x total, y
It stores the vertical sum, x-squared sum, y-squared sum, and xy-product sum. Further, the statistical data control section 24 is provided with a timer, and this timer starts measuring time in response to a start signal j sent from the CPU 12. For example, when 2 seconds are counted, an end signal k is generated.
is sent to the CPU 12. This timer is for automatically displaying the basic statistical data in sequence. Further, the WAIT memory 25 is a memory in which a time for temporarily stopping the display of data displayed on the display device 15 during program execution is set, and a read/write signal l is input from the CPU 12. Further, the WAIT time set in the WAIT memory 25 is sent to the WAIT control section 26. In addition, the above WAIT memory 2
If the WAIT time set to 5 is longer than the predetermined time, the overflow signal m is sent to the WAIT control unit 26.
Output to. Furthermore, when the display command (PRINT) is executed in the CPU 12, the signal n is
It is input to the WAIT control section 26. And this
The WAIT control unit 26 outputs a RESTART signal to the CPU 12 when the WAIT time has elapsed.
Further, the printer 13 outputs g to the WAIT control section 26 when the printer is in the ON state.

FIG. 2 shows a detailed configuration of the CPU 12 in FIG. 1. In the figure, numeral 31 is a ROM (read-only memory) in which various microprograms are stored, and this microprogram is sent to a control section 32 where its instructions are decoded. This control section 32 controls the entire system, and outputs various control commands, address designation signals, chip designation signals, etc. Control unit 32 and calculation unit 3
Arithmetic data and arithmetic control signals are transmitted and received between the three, and various arithmetic operations are executed. In addition, this control section 3
2 receives the RESTART signal from the WAIT control section 26. This RESTART signal is a signal for restarting the stopped operation of the CPU 12.
34 is an internal memory equipped with X, Y, Z, A to E registers, which holds calculation data, display data, set number data, etc., and is sent to and received from the control section 32 and the data and address information. The control unit 32 also includes a key control unit 35, a print control unit 36, and a display control unit 3.
7. A memory control unit 38 is connected to each. The key control unit 35 is connected to the keyboard 11,
A key sampling signal is sent and a key operation signal is input. Further, the printing control section 36 is a circuit that is connected to the printer 13 and controls printing operations. The display control unit 37 is connected to the display driver 14 and receives the contents of the display X register in the memory.The display control unit 37 converts the input display data into codes and sends them to the display driver 14. Send to. In addition, the memory control unit 38
This circuit specifies addresses of the ANS memory 16, data memory 21, program memory 23, etc. and sends and receives data.

Here, an outline of the operation of the entire system will be explained. A program input from the keyboard 11 is written into the program memory 23 via the CPU 12. At this time, a variable area is secured within the data memory 21. Since the variables include simple numerical variables, one-dimensional arrays, and two-dimensional arrays, and the usage of the data memory 21 is different for each variable, the array determining circuit 20 determines the defined array. By using this determination result, data written in a two-dimensional array can also be read out in a one-dimensional array. Also, the variables are A~Z, AO
~Z9 and $ can be used as character variables, up to 7 characters each, but up to 30 characters can be assigned for $, and the variables are stored in character memory 22.

Next, when executing a program or performing manual calculation, data read from the program memory 23 and data memory 21 or data input from the keyboard 11 is sent to the CPU 12.
The calculation result is temporarily held in the ANS memory 16 until the next calculation result is obtained. The sign of this retained calculation result is determined by the ANS sign determination circuit 17, and if the result is negative and a calculation formula is input following that result,
It has a function that automatically displays negative numbers in parentheses. Also, when executing the WAIT instruction, the code added to the WAIT instruction is
Write to WAIT memory 25 and display command (PRINT
When the command) is executed, the WAIT control unit 26 operates and holds the display for a period of time corresponding to the above code.

On the other hand, when performing statistical calculations, only the data x _i ,
Alternatively, when data x _i and data y _i are input from the keyboard 11, they are temporarily stored in the memory 19 and then
It is written to the statistical data control unit 24, but it does not indicate whether primary data or secondary data has been input.
The SD.LR determination circuit 18 automatically determines. and,
It controls whether only data x or both data x and y are displayed, and whether data is added or deleted. In addition, the statistical data control unit 2
4 stores basic statistical data such as frequency, total sum of data x, total sum of data y, sum of squares of data x, sum of squares of data y, and sum of products of data x and y. It has a function that automatically displays them in order.

Figure 3 shows the ANS memory 16 and
2 is a diagram showing a detailed configuration of an ANS code determination circuit 17. FIG. In the figure, 16 is ANS memory and CPU
A read/write signal R/W is input from 12. The lowest digit of this ANS memory 16 is used as a flag area, and this ANS memory 1
When negative data is stored in the flip-flop 41, a "1" signal is output to the D terminal of the flip-flop 41 via the signal line a. A determination request signal b is inputted from the CPU 12 to the clock terminal cp of the flip-flop 41. Further, the Q output of the flip-flop 41 sends a judgment signal c to the CPU 12. This ANS code determination circuit 17 also has a flip-flop 42, which is used as an ANS flag. This flip-flop 42 has a CPU 1
A set signal d and a reset signal e are input from the CPU 2, and its Q output is sent to the CPU 1 as a signal f.
2 is sent out.

Next, the operation of the present invention in the small computer configured as described above will be explained with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. Now, for example, to calculate “1-6”, use the keyboard 11 to press “1”, “-”, and “6”.
Enter "EXE" in sequence. Then, the operand "1" and the operand "6" are sent to the CPU 12, and the internal memory 34 and the calculation unit 33 perform the calculation. Then, the calculation result "-5" is CPU12
It is stored in the X register within. Then step S ₁
The calculation result "-5" stored in the X register is sent to the display driver 14 via the display control section 37 and displayed on the display device 15 as shown in FIG. 5A. Further, a write signal W is outputted from the CPU 12 to the ANS memory 16, and the calculation result "-5" stored in the X register is stored in the ANS memory 16. Next, proceed to step _S2 ,
A set signal d is output from the CPU 12 to the flip-flop 42, and the flip-flop 42 is set to set the ANS flag. The operation up to this point is a normal manual calculation, and if you want to input another calculation formula using the obtained "-5", for example, if you want to input the calculation formula -5↑2, use the keyboard 11 to input □↑ , □2. First here□↑
When the key is input (step _S3 ), the process proceeds to step _S4 , where the CPU 12 reads the signal f from the flip-flop 42 and determines its contents. In this example, since the flip-flop 42 is set, the determination is ``YES'' and the process advances to step <sub>S5</sub> . In step <sub>S5</sub> , it is determined whether the input data input in step <sub>S3</sub> is a calculation key. In this case, the □↑ keys are being operated,
If the determination is "YES", proceed to step <sub>S6</sub> . If the determination in step <sub>S5</sub> is "NO", the process proceeds to step <sub>S7</sub> , where the CPU 12 outputs a reset signal to the flip-flop 42, and the ANS flag is reset. Thereafter, the process moves to other processing as in the case where the determination in step <sub>S4</sub> is "NO". Then proceed to step <sub>S6</sub> .
The CPU 12 outputs the determination request signal b to the flip-flop 41. By the way, the above ANS memory 1
Since negative data is stored in the flip-flop 41, a "1" signal is input to the D terminal of the flip-flop 41. Therefore, the process proceeds to step <sub>S8</sub> , and a "1" signal is output as the determination signal c due to the determination request signal b.
It is sent to the CPU 12. Then, based on the determination signal c, it is determined whether the numerical data stored in the ANS memory 16 is a negative number. In this case, since the numerical data is negative, the determination is ``YES'' and the process proceeds to step _S10 . In this step _S10 , "(" (open parenthesis) is output from the control unit 32 to the X register.Next, the process proceeds to step _S11 .
The read signal R is output to the ANS memory 16.
The contents of ANS memory 16 are read into the X register. Then, the process proceeds to step _S12 , and it is again determined whether the numerical data stored in the ANS memory 16 is a negative number. In this case, the determination is "YES", and the control unit 32 outputs ")" (close parenthesis) to the X register. Then, the process proceeds to step _S14 , where the reset signal d is output from the CPU 12 to the flip-flop 42, and the ANS flag is reset. As a result,
After pressing the □↑ key, the screen shown in FIG. 5B is displayed. Next, the process returns to step _S3 and key processing is performed. Then, when the "2" key is operated, the code signal is read into the X register in the CPU 12.
Then, proceed to step _S4 and flip-flop 42
It is determined whether or not it is set. In this case, since the ANS flag has been reset, the determination is "NO" and the process moves on to other processing. next,
When the "EXE" key is operated, the calculation of (-5) ² is sent to the calculation section 33, the calculation is performed, and the calculation result is stored in the X register. Therefore, the screen is displayed as shown in FIG. 5D.

Therefore, if the operation result is a positive number, the step
Since the determination is “NO” in S ₉ and S ₁₂ ,
No parentheses are added.

In the above embodiment, an example of displaying calculation results has been described, but the present invention can also be applied to printing. When printing, for example, after obtaining the calculation result in Figure 5A, operate □↑, □2, EXE, and you will see "-
Just print "(-5)↑2" on the next line after printing "5", and then print "25" on the next line.

As detailed above, according to the present invention, in a computer with a program that can perform manual calculations, when the calculation result is negative, the negative calculation result is enclosed in parentheses. It is possible to perform calculations using itself (including the sign) without getting an incorrect answer. Also,
When the calculation results are printed, the print list is easy to see.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show one embodiment of the invention.
The figure is an overall block diagram of a small computer, and Figure 2 is a diagram showing the detailed configuration of the CPU in Figure 1.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the detailed configuration of the ANS memory and ANS code determination circuit in FIG. 1, FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation, and FIGS. 5A to 5D are diagrams showing display states. 11...Keyboard, 12...CPU, 16...ANS
Memory, 17...ANS sign determination circuit, 41, 42
…flipflop.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. In a small electronic computer with a program that uses the calculation result and can input a calculation formula following the calculation result, there is a memory for temporarily storing the calculation result, and whether or not the calculation result stored in this memory is a negative number. and a parenthesis adding means that encloses the calculation result in parentheses and outputs it when the negative number detection means detects that the calculation result is a negative number. A small electronic computer.