JPH032425B2 - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JPH032425B2 JPH032425B2 JP59144921A JP14492184A JPH032425B2 JP H032425 B2 JPH032425 B2 JP H032425B2 JP 59144921 A JP59144921 A JP 59144921A JP 14492184 A JP14492184 A JP 14492184A JP H032425 B2 JPH032425 B2 JP H032425B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- particle size
- cross
- image
- measured
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Description
（産業上の利用の分野）
この発明は数百μm以下の微粒子と、数百μm超
から数mm及び数十mmの粒体とが混在している粉粒
体、例えば焼結鉱原料の粒度及び粒度分布をプロ
セスでオンラインリアルタイムに測定する方法ま
たは、オンラインでサンプルを採取し、そのサン
プルを迅速に測定する方法に関するものである。
（従来の技術）
粉粒体の粒度測定にあたつては、従来は
JISM8105−1970の規定に従つて粉粒体群からサ
ンプルを採取し、これを篩分けて粒度及び粒度分
布を測定しており、そのためには、多大の労力と
時間を必要とするばかりでなく、篩分け機の駆
音、更にはその保守にも多大の労力と時間を要す
る。この場合、特に重要なのは篩網の摩耗による
精度低下が生じないようにする管理と、篩網の目
詰りによる精度低下を防ぐための管理で、これは
プロセスの生産性にまで影響する。
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
このようにJISM8105−1970による従来の粉粒
度又は粉粒度分布測定方法は、長時間且つ多大の
労力を要するにも拘らず、自然体又は使用状態の
解体分離が避けられず、実態を置換推測するにと
どまることと、その長時間と多大の労力はとりも
なおさずこの置換作業、つまり、使用状態又は自
然体の解体、分離に費され、測定精度の向上に直
接的には寄与しないこととにおいて、改善の余地
がある。しかも粉粒体はよく知られているように
重なりあつているため、後述される本発明方法で
用いる撮像段階で得た断面像をそのまま利用して
粉粒度を測定すると各単体を分離することが困難
であるので測定値に再現性が存在しない。この点
は測定上致命傷となる結果をもたらす。
（問題点を解決するための手段）
本発明は、上記した従来技術の問題点を全く解
消した粉粒体の粒度及び粒度分布の測定方法を提
供することを目的とするもので、その構成は、
(1) 被測定体の任意の面に、その周囲の円周方向
の多数の点から放射線を照射して得た多数の透
過放射線画像を画像処理して断面像を形成せし
め、その断面像を信号処理して計測値を得る測
定方法において、粉粒体群に放射線を照射し
て、粉粒体群の任意の面の断面像を形成せし
め、該断面像内の各粉粒体像を縮小し、各粒子
を単体分離判別処理して後、該縮小寸法と残存
寸法とを加算して粉粒体群中の各粉粒体粒度を
算出することを特徴とする粉粒体の粒度測定方
法。
(2) 被測定体の任意の面に、その周囲の円周方向
の多数の点から放射線を照射して得た多数の透
過放射線画像を画像処理して断面像を形成せし
め、その断面像を信号処理して計測値を得る測
定方法において、前記被測定体を粉粒体群又
は、粉粒体群のサンプルとすると共に前記断面
像から粉粒体像の総面積を求めた後、最小区分
粒度以下の粉粒体群像を区分除去し、引き続い
て、各粉粒体群像が単位分離するまで、その原
型の周縁から等距離に縮小する判別処理をし、
その判別処理後の各粉粒体群像毎にその面積あ
るいは周辺長の少なくとも片方を測定し、その
測定寸法に前記縮小割合を補正して各粉粒体像
毎の元の面積を算出し、その元の面積値から各
区分所定粒度間の面積を算出して前記被測定体
の任意の面内の粒度分布を求めることを特徴と
する粉粒体の粒度測定方法。
(3) 前記測定体の複数面に関する粒度分布を求
め、その粒度分布を平均化処理をして測定体の
粒度分布を求めることを特徴とする前記(1)項記
載の粉粒体の粒度測定方法。
(4) 前記測定体の複数面が横断画像あるいは縦断
画像又は両断画像であることを特徴とする前記
(2)項記載の粉粒体の粒度測定方法
である。
本発明では粉粒体を実在する粉粒体群のまま非
接触に測定し、実際の存在状態で粉粒体群を解
体、又は分解、或いは篩分け分級することなく直
接、即時に粒度又は粒度分布を測定するものであ
る。
このように撮像、縮小、測定、補正および演算
処理して粒度を求めるので、粉粒体には非接触で
測定でき、かつ粉粒体の自然状態のままで測定で
きるので、使用前に測定すると粉粒体の加工時の
まま粉粒度、及び粒度分布が測定できる。
又、粉粒体が重なり合つていても、本発明方法
の如く、断面像内の各粉粒子像が単体分離するま
で、その原型の周縁から等距離に縮小する判別処
理を行うことによつて正確、迅速に的確な粉粒度
及び粉粒度分布が測定できる。
本発明測定方法は異種の粉粒体の混合物の粉粒
度又は粉粒度分布を測定する場合に特に顕著な効
果が得られる。
（作用）
本発明は上記のように構成したので、被測定粉
粒体の使用状態での粒度及び粒度分布を非接触で
測定することができる。この点について以下に図
面を参照しつつ説明する。
測定する粉粒体を測定装置下を使用状態のまま
連続的に巾方向い走査するか、又は同様に移動中
の粉粒体層から例えば実公昭56−13639号公報で
提案されているコアーサンプラーによつて使用状
態のままでコアサンプルを採取して、これにＸ
線、γ線、中性子等の放射線を照射する。このと
きの照射は横断面的に又は縦断面的に数多く行つ
て透過放射線画像を得、その画像を画像処理して
各断面像を得る。この点の詳細は当発明者が先に
出願した特願昭59−37457号に産業用のものを開
示している。
この一例として単一種粒子測定で得た横断面像
を第１図(1)に示す。次に(2)の如く断面像内の全粉
粒体の総面積Ａを求めると共に、原則的には粒度
測定法での粒度区分上の最小区分粒度、例えば
500μm以下をCT値で区分除去する。ここでCT値
とは、放射線に関する水の吸収係数に対する試料
の吸収係数の比率であり、各物質毎に異なる値に
なり、詳細な説明は前記した先願である特願昭59
−37457号に記載されている。
続いて(3)の如く500μm超の各粉粒粒子像を各粉
粒子像毎に原型の周縁から等距離に均等縮小し
て、（従つて各縮小粉粒子像は原型とほゞ相似性
を保つ）各粉粒子像が互いに単位分離するまで行
う。更に(4)に示す如く、単体分離の上、各粒子毎
の面積及び又は周辺長を測定し、その測定寸法を
(3)の縮小割合で補正（例えば、縮小割合で除する
変換をして元の寸法に戻す）して各粒子毎の元の
面積を算出し、前記粒度測定法での各区分所定粒
度間の面積を算出する。
これをもとに(2)と(4)での各面積値を統計計算に
よつてその一横断面の粒度分布を求める。
尚、複合原料の場合は、多数の透過放射線画像
を画像処理して得た断面像を、被測定体を構成す
る物質成分毎のCT値を考慮して各成分毎の断面
像を第１図(1)に示すように区分し、その各区分さ
れた断面像について前記手順(2)〜(4)を同様に繰り
返して粒度分布が求められる。つまり、手順(2)の
各成分の総面積の加算から複合原料全体の総面積
Ａが算出され、手順(4)で算出した各成分毎の
500μm以上の粒体の面積の加算から複合原料全体
の500μm以上の総面積Ｂが求められ、そのデータ
から500μm以下の面積率
は100×Ａ−Ｂ／Ａ（％）で算出され、他の所定粒度
区分間の面積率設ける同様にして求められる。
更にこれを複数の断面像で繰り返して平均化す
ると、被測定体全体の粒度分布が求まり、JIS法
でのそれと対応できる測定値となる。
これを横断面像、縦断面像毎に行うことによつ
て従来の篩分法では測定できなかつた粉粒体の形
成係数も算出できる。
（実施例）
(Field of Industrial Application) This invention is applicable to powder and granular materials in which fine particles of several hundred μm or less and grains of more than several hundred μm to several mm and several tens of mm are mixed, for example, the particle size of sintered ore raw material. The present invention also relates to a method of measuring particle size distribution online in real time in a process, or a method of collecting a sample online and rapidly measuring the sample. (Conventional technology) When measuring the particle size of powder or granules, conventionally
In accordance with the regulations of JISM8105-1970, samples are taken from powder and granular materials, and the samples are sieved to measure the particle size and particle size distribution, which not only requires a great deal of labor and time, but also It takes a lot of effort and time to drive the sieving machine and also to maintain it. In this case, what is particularly important is management to prevent a decrease in accuracy due to wear of the sieve screen and control to prevent a decrease in accuracy due to clogging of the sieve screen, which also affects the productivity of the process. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, the conventional powder particle size or particle size distribution measurement method according to JISM8105-1970, although it takes a long time and requires a lot of effort, avoids disassembly and separation of natural bodies or used conditions. However, the long time and a great deal of effort are spent on this replacement work, that is, dismantling and separating the used state or natural body, and it is not directly related to improving measurement accuracy. There is room for improvement in that it does not contribute to Furthermore, as it is well known, powder and granules overlap one another, so if the particle size is measured directly using the cross-sectional image obtained at the imaging stage used in the method of the present invention, which will be described later, it is difficult to separate each individual substance. Because of the difficulty, there is no reproducibility in the measured values. This point has fatal consequences in measurement. (Means for Solving the Problems) An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the particle size and particle size distribution of powder and granular materials, which completely eliminates the problems of the prior art described above. , (1) Form a cross-sectional image by processing a large number of transmitted radiation images obtained by irradiating radiation from a large number of points in the circumferential direction on an arbitrary surface of the object to be measured; In a measurement method that obtains measured values by signal processing, a group of powder particles is irradiated with radiation to form a cross-sectional image of an arbitrary surface of the group of powder particles, and each image of the powder particles in the cross-sectional image is Particle size measurement of powder and granule material, characterized in that, after reducing the particle size and subjecting each particle to individual separation and discrimination processing, the particle size of each powder and granule material in a group of powder and granule material is calculated by adding the reduced size and the remaining size. Method. (2) A cross-sectional image is formed by image processing a number of transmitted radiation images obtained by irradiating radiation from a number of points in the circumferential direction on an arbitrary surface of the object to be measured; In a measurement method in which a measurement value is obtained by signal processing, the object to be measured is a powder or granule group or a sample of a powder or granule group, and after determining the total area of the powder or granule image from the cross-sectional image, Powder group images smaller than the particle size are separated and removed, and then a discrimination process is performed in which each powder group image is reduced to an equal distance from the periphery of the original model until it is separated into units,
After the discrimination process, at least one of the area or peripheral length of each powder group image is measured, and the measured size is corrected by the reduction ratio to calculate the original area of each powder image. A method for measuring the particle size of powder or granular material, characterized in that the area between predetermined particle sizes of each classification is calculated from the original area value to determine the particle size distribution in any plane of the object to be measured. (3) Particle size measurement of a powder or granular material according to item (1) above, characterized in that the particle size distribution on a plurality of sides of the measurement object is determined, and the particle size distribution is averaged to determine the particle size distribution of the measurement object. Method. (4) The above, wherein the plurality of planes of the measurement object are cross-sectional images, longitudinal images, or bi-sectional images.
This is a method for measuring the particle size of powder or granular material as described in section (2). In the present invention, the powder or granule material is measured in a non-contact manner as it is in the actual powder or granule group, and the particle size or grain size is directly and immediately measured in the actual state of the powder or granule group without disassembling or decomposing it or sieving and classifying it. It measures the distribution. Since the particle size is obtained through imaging, reduction, measurement, correction, and arithmetic processing, measurements can be made without contacting the powder or granule, and can be measured in the natural state of the powder or granule. Particle size and particle size distribution can be measured as they are processed. Furthermore, even if the powder particles overlap, as in the method of the present invention, by performing a discrimination process in which each powder particle image in the cross-sectional image is reduced to an equal distance from the periphery of the original model until it is separated into individual particles. Therefore, precise powder particle size and particle size distribution can be measured accurately and quickly. The measuring method of the present invention is particularly effective when measuring the particle size or particle size distribution of a mixture of different types of powder or granular materials. (Function) Since the present invention is configured as described above, the particle size and particle size distribution of the granular material to be measured in the used state can be measured without contact. This point will be explained below with reference to the drawings. The granular material to be measured can be continuously scanned in the width direction under the measuring device while in use, or similarly, from the moving granular material layer, a core sampler as proposed in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 13639/1983 can be used. A core sample was taken in the used state by
Irradiates with radiation such as rays, gamma rays, and neutrons. At this time, irradiation is performed in many cross-sectional or longitudinal sections to obtain transmitted radiation images, and the images are processed to obtain each cross-sectional image. Details of this point are disclosed for industrial use in Japanese Patent Application No. 37457/1987, which was previously filed by the present inventor. As an example of this, a cross-sectional image obtained by single-species particle measurement is shown in Figure 1 (1). Next, as in (2), find the total area A of all the powder particles in the cross-sectional image, and in principle, calculate the minimum particle size on the particle size classification in the particle size measurement method, e.g.
500μm or less is removed according to the CT value. Here, the CT value is the ratio of the absorption coefficient of the sample to the absorption coefficient of water regarding radiation, and the value differs for each substance.
-Described in No. 37457. Next, as shown in (3), each powder particle image larger than 500 μm is equally reduced to the same distance from the periphery of the prototype (therefore, each reduced powder particle image has approximately the same similarity to the original). (maintain) until each powder particle image is unit separated from each other. Furthermore, as shown in (4), after separating the particles, measure the area and/or peripheral length of each particle, and calculate the measured dimensions.
Calculate the original area of each particle by correcting it by the reduction ratio in (3) (for example, convert by dividing by the reduction ratio and return to the original size), and calculate the area between the predetermined particle sizes for each category in the particle size measurement method. Calculate the area of Based on this, the particle size distribution of one cross section is determined by statistical calculation of each area value in (2) and (4). In the case of composite raw materials, the cross-sectional image obtained by image processing a large number of transmitted radiation images is calculated by taking into account the CT value of each component of the material constituting the object to be measured, and the cross-sectional image of each component is calculated as shown in Figure 1. The particles are divided as shown in (1), and the particle size distribution is determined by repeating the steps (2) to (4) for each of the divided cross-sectional images. In other words, the total area A of the entire composite material is calculated by adding the total area of each component in step (2), and the total area A for each component calculated in step (4) is calculated.
The total area B of 500 μm or more of the entire composite material is calculated by adding the area of granules of 500 μm or more, and from that data, the area ratio of 500 μm or less is calculated as 100 × A-B/A (%), and other specified The area ratio between particle size classifications is determined in the same manner. Furthermore, by repeating this process for a plurality of cross-sectional images and averaging it, the particle size distribution of the entire object to be measured is determined, resulting in a measurement value that corresponds to that in the JIS method. By performing this for each cross-sectional image and longitudinal cross-sectional image, it is possible to calculate the formation coefficient of powder particles, which could not be measured by conventional sieving methods. (Example)
【表】
使用放射線：Ｘ線
電 圧 ：140KV
撮像処理方法：第１図(1)〜(4)による。区分イで
は単一種、区分ロでは複合原料と
して処理[Table] Radiation used: X-rays Voltage: 140KV Imaging processing method: According to Figure 1 (1) to (4). Treated as a single material in Category A, and as a composite material in Category B.
【表】
第２表に明らかなように本発明方法によると単
味の粉粒体はもとより、混合粉粒体も従来方法と
同等の測定結果が得られる。
従来方法はサンプルの採取から数時間を要した
が、本発明方法は数分程度で完了した。
（発明の効果）
本発明は試料とは非接触で粉粒度及びその分布
並びに形状係数が測定でき、かつ測定にあたつて
は使用状態或いは自然体を破壊又は分解、更には
分離することなく測定でき、その測定は必要に応
じて迅速、的確に、例えばオンラインでリアルに
測定結果のアウトプツトも可能で、制御装置と結
合して、粉粒度の調整をはじめ、混合粉粒体の混
合粒度分布も調整も可能にする等、もたらす効果
は極めて大きい。[Table] As is clear from Table 2, according to the method of the present invention, measurement results equivalent to those obtained by the conventional method can be obtained not only for single powders but also for mixed powders and granules. The conventional method required several hours from sample collection, but the method of the present invention was completed in about a few minutes. (Effects of the invention) The present invention can measure particle size, its distribution, and shape factor without contacting the sample, and can measure without destroying, decomposing, or even separating the used state or natural body. , the measurement can be done quickly and accurately as needed, for example, the measurement results can be outputted online in real time.By combining with the control device, it is possible to adjust the particle size of the mixed powder and the mixed particle size distribution of the mixed powder and granular material. The effects it brings are extremely large, such as making it possible to
第１図(1)〜(4)は本発明方法による粉粒度測定方
法を説明するサンプルの横断面像との処理像、第
２図、第３図は本発明の実施例における代表的
な、サンプル高さ方向中央位置の横断画像であ
る。
Figures 1 (1) to (4) are cross-sectional images and processed images of samples illustrating the particle size measurement method according to the method of the present invention, and Figures 2 and 3 are representative images of samples in the embodiments of the present invention. This is a cross-sectional image at the center position of the sample in the height direction.
Claims (1)
の多数の点から放射線を照射して得た多数の透過
放射線画像を画像処理して断面像を形成せしめ、
その断面像を信号処理して計測値を得る測定方法
において、粉粒体群に放射線を照射して、粉粒体
群の任意の面の断面像を形成せしめ、該断面像内
の各粉粒体像を縮小し、各粒子を単体分離判別処
理して後、該縮小寸法と残存寸法とを加算して粉
粒体群中の各粉粒体粒度を算出することを特徴と
する粉粒体の粒度測定方法。 ２ 被測定体の任意の面に、その周囲の円周方向
の多数の点から放射線を照射して得た多数の透過
放射線画像を画像処理して断面増を形成せしめ、
その断面像を信号処理して計測値を得る測定方法
において、前記被測定体を粉粒体群又は、粉粒体
群のサンプルとすると共に前記断面像から粉粒体
群像の総面積を求めた後、最小区分粒度以下の粉
粒体群像を区分除去し、引き続いて、各粉粒体群
像が単位分離するまで、その原型の周縁から等距
離に縮小する判別処理をし、その判別処理後の各
粉粒体群像毎にその面積あるいは周辺長の少なく
とも片方を測定し、その測定寸法に前記縮小割合
を補正して各粉粒体像毎の元の面積を算出し、そ
の元の面積値から各区分所定粒度間の面積を算出
して前記被測定体の任意の面内の粒度分布を求め
ることを特徴とする粉粒体の粒度測定方法。 ３ 前記測定体の複数面に関する粒度分布を求
め、その粒度分布を平均化処理をして測定体の粒
度分布を求めることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲
第１項記載の粉粒体の粒度測定方法。 ４ 前記測定体の複数面が横断画像あるいは縦断
画像又は両断画像であることを特徴とする特許請
求の範囲第２項記載の粉粒体の粒度測定方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. Forming a cross-sectional image by processing a number of transmitted radiation images obtained by irradiating radiation from a number of points in the circumferential direction on an arbitrary surface of the object to be measured,
In a measurement method that obtains measured values by signal processing the cross-sectional image, radiation is irradiated to the powder group to form a cross-sectional image of an arbitrary surface of the powder group, and each powder particle in the cross-sectional image is A granular material characterized in that the particle size of each granular material in a group of granular material is calculated by reducing the body image, subjecting each particle to individual separation and discrimination processing, and then adding the reduced dimension and the remaining dimension. Particle size measurement method. 2. Image processing a large number of transmitted radiation images obtained by irradiating radiation from a large number of points in the circumferential direction on an arbitrary surface of the object to be measured to form an enlarged cross section,
In a measurement method in which a measurement value is obtained by signal processing the cross-sectional image, the object to be measured is a powder or granule group or a sample of a powder or granule group, and the total area of the powder or granule group is determined from the cross-sectional image. After that, the powder group image with the minimum particle size or less is divided and removed, and then a discrimination process is performed in which each powder group image is reduced to the same distance from the periphery of the original model until it is separated into units. Measure at least one of the area or peripheral length of each powder group image, correct the above-mentioned reduction ratio to the measured dimension, calculate the original area of each powder image, and calculate the original area from the original area value. A method for measuring particle size of powder or granular material, characterized in that the area between predetermined particle sizes of each classification is calculated to determine the particle size distribution in any plane of the object to be measured. 3. Particle size measurement of powder or granular material according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size distribution on a plurality of surfaces of the measurement object is determined, and the particle size distribution is averaged to determine the particle size distribution of the measurement object. Method. 4. The method for measuring the particle size of powder or granular material according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of planes of the measurement object are cross-sectional images, longitudinal images, or bi-sectional images.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14492184A JPS6123944A (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Method for measuring grain size of powdery and granular material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14492184A JPS6123944A (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Method for measuring grain size of powdery and granular material |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6123944A JPS6123944A (en) | 1986-02-01 |
| JPH032425B2 true JPH032425B2 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
Family
ID=15373322
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP14492184A Granted JPS6123944A (en) | 1984-07-12 | 1984-07-12 | Method for measuring grain size of powdery and granular material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6123944A (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57147866A (en) * | 1981-03-06 | 1982-09-11 | Nec Corp | Battery |
| JPH0695079B2 (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1994-11-24 | 日本電子株式会社 | Particle image analysis method in images |
| JPS62194448A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1987-08-26 | Jeol Ltd | Method for analyzing particle image in image |
| US6686095B2 (en) | 1999-12-28 | 2004-02-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gel electrolyte precursor and chemical battery |
| GB201105926D0 (en) * | 2011-04-08 | 2011-05-18 | Rolls Royce Plc | An apparatus and a method of determining the proportions of different powders in a powder |
| JP6631644B2 (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2020-01-15 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | Method for inspecting granulated particles inside carbon material and method for manufacturing sintered ore inside carbon material |
-
1984
- 1984-07-12 JP JP14492184A patent/JPS6123944A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6123944A (en) | 1986-02-01 |
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