JPH0423599B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of Industrial Application The present invention is capable of aerobically converting organic industrial waste with a high moisture content, which is widely generated in industry, without creating a feeling of filth or a bad odor. This invention relates to an aerobic fermentation method that can be fermented and reused as feed or fertilizer.

BACKGROUND ART Conventionally, organic solid industrial waste from the food manufacturing industry and the like has been processed and reused as feed, fertilizer, soil conditioner, and the like. For example, solid waste discharged during meat production, such as sewage from washing carcasses in the slaughter room, sewage containing large amounts of gastrointestinal contents generated when washing internal organs in the organ processing room, and blood, etc. Solid-liquid separation is carried out using a vibrating sieve.
A solid content commonly referred to as slaughter residue is obtained.
The slaughterhouse residue contains a large amount of undigested materials such as straw and compound feed, and also contains blood, digestive juices, detached pieces of the intestinal wall, meat, and fur pieces. This residue will rot immediately if left unattended, so it must be treated in a non-polluting manner.

Incineration and drying methods have long been used as non-polluting treatment methods, but because slaughterhouse residue has a high moisture content, they are no longer used from the standpoint of energy conservation. The methane fermentation method is not profitable with current technology, and the worm farming method is not widely used because of concerns about distribution. Since it is becoming impossible to secure land for landfill, chemical conversion treatment methods are now being used more frequently, but the equipment costs are high, operations are complicated, and it is not economically advantageous, so its widespread use is limited. It does not develop slowly. Composting is relatively easy, but the pile-up method leaves a strong sense of filth;
Since a large number of insects are generated and a bad odor is generated, it is necessary to carry out the process in a place far away from meat processing centers and residential areas.
The method of aerobic fermentation while supplying air in a closed fermentation tank requires high equipment costs and requires processing a large amount of waste gas with a strong odor. Not on target. Similar problems exist in the treatment of seafood processing waste such as floss.

When attempting to treat waste with a high moisture content in a solid state through aerobic fermentation, a large amount of moisture regulating materials such as sawdust must be infiltrated into the field residue. There were many problems in implementation, such as the large amount of material and the need for a large amount of space and labor for processing.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention: A method for treating leaching sewage that can be treated immediately in places where slaughter residues and seafood processing waste are generated, without making it feel like filth, preventing the generation of insects, and producing no bad odor. There is a desire to develop a method that is simultaneously hygienic and economically advantageous, and that also allows high utilization of by-product waste.

The purpose of the present invention is to easily and smoothly dispose of organic industrial waste with high moisture content, which is widely generated in the industrial world, in a suitable indoor area near the place where it is generated, without creating a feeling of filth or a bad odor. Processed by air fermentation,
The purpose is to provide an economically advantageous method that can be reused as self-contained feed or compost.

Means for Solving the Problems The above problem lies in the method of aerobically fermenting organic industrial waste with a high moisture content. An aqueous container is placed above to naturally separate a part of the liquid components in the waste, and a position below the container to receive the liquid leaching or dripping from the container,
A breathable container containing a water-absorbing and breathable solid carrier is arranged, and the organic industrial waste and the liquid component naturally separated from the waste and absorbed into the solid carrier are fermented in parallel. This problem is solved by a method characterized by the following.

The method of this invention aerobically ferments various organic industrial wastes with high moisture content, such as field residue discharged during meat production and pressurized pre-treated solids discharged during seafood processing. can be used for.

Effect According to the method of the present invention, organic industrial waste with a high moisture content is stored in a container (waste container) having air permeability and water permeability. By doing this,
A portion of the liquid component in the waste is naturally separated from the solid component (mainly gravity separation) and leaches out from the surface of the container, making the remaining waste breathable. Then, air enters the container through the permeable wall,
Aerobic fermentation takes place within the vessel. On the other hand, the liquid component naturally separated from the waste material is transferred to and absorbed by the water-absorbing and breathable solid carrier disposed below the waste container. This solid carrier is housed in an air-permeable container (carrier container), and air entering from the outside starts aerobic fermentation of the liquid component absorbed into the carrier. Due to the fermentation heat generated at this time, the moisture absorbed by the solid carrier rapidly evaporates, and the moisture content decreases. Therefore, by replacing the waste container placed above the carrier container with a new waste container after the separation of the liquid components has stopped,
Solid carriers are capable of repeatedly absorbing, fermenting, and evaporating liquid components from large amounts of waste.

In this way, in the method of this invention,
Large amounts of waste can be treated using small amounts of solid support without mixing it with the waste, and the same solid support can be used for about a year.

Specific Embodiments (Solid Carrier) The solid carrier used in the method of the present invention is not particularly limited in type as long as it has a certain degree of air permeability and liquid absorbency and does not inhibit fermentation. It may be one that can ferment by itself together with the liquid component separated from the liquid, or it may be one that does not ferment itself but promotes the fermentation of the absorbed liquid component.

Examples of the former include sawdust, chips, bark,
Examples of the latter include various organic materials such as wood chips, rice husk, and straw; examples of the latter include inorganic materials such as pumice nodules, perlite, and vermilite.

However, in order to effectively use the product as compost or the like after completion of fermentation, it is preferable to use an organic material as the solid carrier, and sawdust is particularly preferable. Sawdust absorbs a large amount of liquid and has a low bulk specific gravity of 0.2, making it suitable for aerobic fermentation due to its good air permeability.It also has the characteristics of adsorbing bad odors and emitting a small amount of bad odors. Also, due to its high carbon content, together with the nitrogen-rich leachate, it not only becomes a suitable nutrient source for aerobic fermentation, but also can be used for a long time, and after long-term use, when it matures, it can be used as an excellent compost. .

(Transfer of liquid component) In the method of the present invention, part of the water in the waste with a high moisture content is transferred to the solid carrier,
Various methods can be used for this purpose. For example, a waste container placed above can be placed in contact with a solid carrier container placed below, or a space can be formed between the waste container and the solid carrier container. . In the former method, liquid components in the waste are separated by gravity and are also attracted to the solid carrier by the liquid absorbing power of the solid carrier or by capillary action, thereby promoting solid-liquid separation.

On the other hand, in the latter method, since a space is formed between the waste container and the solid carrier container, both the bottom surface of the waste container and the top surface of the solid carrier container are exposed to air, so that these surfaces are This is advantageous from the standpoint of promoting aerobic fermentation since it functions effectively to introduce air. Also, when constructing an apparatus for carrying out this fermentation method, a framework can be placed between the waste container and the solid carrier container to strengthen the apparatus. Therefore, the latter method is preferred.

(Implementation method and apparatus) The apparatus used to carry out the method of this invention is: (a) a metal or synthetic resin frame container; and (b) a box made of polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric that can be fully accommodated in the frame container. The most preferred is an aerobic fermentation processing device (Japanese Patent Application No. 58-247227) consisting of a bag-like body. In this device, the waste container and the solid carrier container are constructed of a box-shaped bag.

The box-shaped bag (waste container) used in the present invention to pack waste with high moisture content may be any porous material made of fiber material that can be used repeatedly and does not deteriorate. A bag made of a polyester spunbond nonwoven sheet is particularly preferably used. In the present invention, since it is economical to treat 1 m ³ or more of high water content waste at one time, it is necessary to have strength that can withstand at least the weight of 1 m ³ of high water content waste.
In addition, by using a rotation fork or other overturning device, the fermented product can be rotated 180 degrees around a horizontal axis above the truck, and the framed container can be turned upside down and the product inside the bag can be transported to a truck box. The bag must be strong enough to not break when loaded inside. Furthermore, as air enters the entire surface of the bag, water evaporates due to the heat of fermentation, so if the bag is too thin and there is too much ventilation, the area in contact with the bag will dry out before it fully ripens. In contrast, the center is still undergoing fermentation and takes a long time, for example at least a month, to reach full ripeness.
If fermentation is allowed to take place until then, the fermentation conditions and ripeness levels between the center of the bag and the surface layer of the bag will be quite different. Therefore, it is desirable that the air permeable fiber sheet used as the bag has an air permeability of 150 (cc/cm ² /sec) or less. In addition, the ventilation rate is 60 (cc/cm ² /
sec), uniform aerobic fermentation will not proceed smoothly until full ripeness. As mentioned above, since high water content waste of about 1 m ³ or more is normally placed in the box-shaped bag, the breathable fiber sheet must be able to withstand the gravity of the waste. Therefore, the tensile strength is 20 (Kg/5
cm) or more, and tear strength is preferably 2 (Kg) or more.

In addition, after the bag is fully ripened, the product inside the bag is rotated 180 degrees using a rotation fork or other overturning device to turn the frame container upside down and discharge, so if only the above-mentioned strength is required. First, in order to use it repeatedly, it is necessary that it does not become clogged during the fermentation period when it is packed with high moisture content waste, and that the breathable fiber sheet does not fluff when rotated 180 degrees. If the bag becomes fluffy, it will not easily clog the next time it is used, and when rotated 180 degrees, the contents will stick to the fluff and the contents will not fall smoothly, causing the bag to break. Therefore, the most suitable material for the above purpose is a spunbond nonwoven fabric formed from a synthetic fiber spinning process. Polyester, nylon, polypropylene, etc. are used as the material for this long fiber nonwoven fabric. Nylon swells due to moisture absorption,
It is undesirable because it clogs the eyes and reduces air permeability, and it has a strong affinity with highly water-containing waste such as field residue and sewage, so it easily clogs and contaminates, and the product tends to adhere to the nylon bag body. , and must be cleaned after each use. Polyester and polypropylene are preferably used. Further, in order to suppress fuzzing, it is preferable to use a nonwoven fabric in which the fibers on the surface of the nonwoven fabric are heat-set. As a surface fixation treatment method,
An embossing method using pressure heating using a heating plate or heating roller with or without a convex portion, a heat treatment method, or a combination thereof is used. These surface fixing treatments not only suppress fuzzing but also usually improve tensile strength, but if the degree of fiber fusion caused by surface fixing treatment is significant, the tear strength and air permeability will decrease, so care must be taken with the treatment temperature. Must be. In order to maintain the necessary tear strength and air permeability, for example, polyester should be surface heat-treated at 150 to 190°C, preferably 170 to 180°C.

In order to allow aerobic fermentation to proceed uniformly and to obtain a uniform product that is sufficiently matured, it is desirable to pack the product into bags of at least 1 m ² or more. For example, at 0.5 m ³ , the amount of heat released in winter is greater than the heat storage due to fermentation heat, and it is not possible to obtain a uniform product that is sufficiently matured by connecting the ideal aerobic fermentation for a long period of time. however,
If too much is packed, not only will there be a problem with the strength of the frame container and the bag, but if the bag is packed to a thickness of 90 cm or more, an anaerobic fermentation zone will be formed inside, which is undesirable. If the thickness is less than 20 cm, drying and heat dissipation will be rapid, and the moisture content will drop below the level required for fermentation, and fermentation will stop before it reaches full ripeness. Therefore, the thickness of the high water content waste layer should be 20-90cm, and the preferred thickness is 40-80cm.
It is. Since the total capacity is preferably 1 m ³ or more, the frame container and bag have a bottom area of 1 m ² or more.

The upper area of the solid carrier such as sawdust mentioned above, and therefore the upper area of the solid carrier container (bag body) that houses it, has a size as described above in order to receive the liquid component leached from the upper bag body. However, the thickness should be thin, for example, 20 cm or less, for items such as seafood processing waste, where the amount of leached wastewater is relatively small and the leaching period is short, such as a few days. Moreover, since the bag used can be left undisturbed for more than a year, the strength of the bag is not required, and it is preferable that the bag dries quickly, so a breathable fiber sheet with a large airflow rate is used. Can be used. The thickness of the frame container may also be thin, for example, 20 cm.

On the other hand, when treating waste such as abattoir residue, which has a high moisture content and a relatively large amount of liquid that leaches out, it is preferable that the thickness of the solid support such as sawdust is relatively thick, for example, 70 cm. It is preferable to set it as above.

If the top of the bag for storing waste is left open, it will feel more like filth and insects such as flies will swarm around it, so it is necessary to cover it. Since the method of closing the box-shaped bag with a tie string is inconvenient for inputting and discharging waste, it is preferable to use a lid in the apparatus of the present invention. especially,
A foldable lid is preferable because it is superior in terms of workability.

It is preferable that the container (bag) used in the present invention is housed and arranged in a frame container, which has a structure and strength that allows it to be stacked high, and which can be placed in a frame container by using a rotation fork or other overturning device.
It is desirable to have a structure that allows the frame container to be turned upside down by rotating 180 degrees.

Hereinafter, the frame container used in the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a framed container, where 1 is an angle-shaped support and 2 is a saucer-shaped leg into which the angle 1 can be easily inserted. 3 and 4 are side frames, 5 is expanded metal coated with polyvinyl chloride resin, and the bottom part is also fixed with the same material. 6 is a fork insertion guide. 7 is a polyester spunbond bag and a solid carrier such as sawdust is stuffed inside. 8 is also a bag made of polyester panbond, and waste such as slaughterhouse residue is stuffed inside.

Next, an example of the use of the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus equipped with the above-mentioned framework container will be described with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1 It has a basis weight of 70 (g/m ² ), a tensile strength of 20 (Kg/5cm), a tear strength of 8.0 (Kg), and an air permeability of 175 (cc/cm ² /sec),
A box-shaped bag with a bottom area of 1500 mm x 1000 mm, a height of 200 mm, and a lid of 250 mm in both the longitudinal and transverse directions was sewn from polyester spunbond with emboss heat and pressure treatment on both sides. As shown in FIG. 2, the container is stored in a polyvinyl chloride-coated iron expanded metal frame container 9 having the same internal dimensions as the bag body, and the bottom is tied at the four corners and the middle with binding strings 10, and then the lid is closed. No. 11 was applied to the outside of the framed container.

Pack sawdust (moisture 25%) into the bag 7 until it is full, and after that, the basis weight is 130 (g/ ^cm2 ),
Tensile strength 60 (Kg/5cm), tear strength 8 (Kg), air flow
125 (cc/cm ² /sec), and is made of polyester spunbond with emboss heat and pressure treatment on both sides.The base area is 1500mm x 1000mm, the height is 700mm, the longitudinal direction is 1000mm, and the short Both hand directions are 750
A box-shaped bag 8 having a lid of 1.5 mm in diameter is sewn, and as shown in FIGS. After binding the four corners and the middle part with binding strings 10, the lid 13 was hung on the outside of the framed container. Fisheries processing pre-treatment sludge (floss) (moisture 63
%) 630Kg into the bag body 8, and after folding the lid 13 as shown in Fig. 2, as shown in Fig. 1,
After stacking the frame container 12 filled with fish processing pre-treatment sludge on the frame container 9 filled with sawdust, the lid 11 of the bag body 7 is sewn to each left and right corner of the upper end, as shown in FIG. The tied strings 10 were each tied to the angle-shaped support 1.

Aerobic fermentation will begin soon, and the next day the fermentation temperature will be
The temperature rose to 51℃, and reached 64℃ on the fourth day (room temperature 11℃).
℃), the temperature was maintained at 60℃ or higher for 6 days, and it took 20 days for the temperature to drop to 50℃. Fermentation was completed in 40 days, and the mature product had a moisture content of 30% and was of good quality with no odor at all.

The leachate will finish falling from the bag body 8 in a few days, so after this is finished, it will be filled up immediately and placed in the frame container 12.
moved in other cases, as shown in FIG. Four framed containers treated in the same manner as above were placed one after another.
Stacked in tiers to carry out aerobic fermentation, each
Almost the same good results were obtained.

Example 2 It has a basis weight of 100 (g/m ² ), a tensile strength of 50 (Kg/5cm), a tear strength of 5 (Kg), and an air permeability of 160 (cc/cm ² /sec), and is heated and embossed on both sides. A box-shaped bag with a bottom area of 1,600 mm x 1,100 mm, a height of 700 mm, and a lid of 250 mm in both the longitudinal and transverse directions was sewn from polyester spunbond, and the inner dimensions were the same as the bag. The container is stored in a PVC-coated iron extracted band metal frame container, and tied to the four corners and the middle part of the frame container with binding strings sewn to the four corners and the middle part of the bottom, and then the lid is placed on the outside of the frame container. Then, the bag was filled with sawdust (23% moisture).

On the other hand, the area weight is 130 (g/m ² ), and the tensile strength is 60 (Kg/5
cm), tear strength 8 (Kg), airflow rate 125 (cc/cm ² /sec
)
Made of polyester spunbond with emboss heat and pressure treatment on both sides, the base area is 1500mm x 1000mm.
mm and the height is 700mm, both in the longitudinal direction
A box-shaped bag with a lid of 1000 mm and 750 mm in the short direction is sewn and stored in a PVC-coated iron expanded metal frame container with the same inner dimensions as the bag, and the bottom is sewn at the four corners in the same way as above. and the middle part were tied together in a frame container. Slaughter residue (moisture 67%) 920Kg
were stuffed into a bag, the lid was folded up in the same manner as in Example 1, and then stacked using a forklift on a frame container filled with sawdust, as shown in FIG. At this time, the upper part of the angular support of the frame container filled with sawdust was bent in advance so that it would fit into the saucer-shaped leg of the frame container to be stacked on top.

The leaching and falling of sewage from the slaughterhouse residue in the upper bag is
It lasted 15 days. Thereafter, as in Example 1, the framed container 12 was moved to another location as shown in FIG. The frame containers treated in the same manner as described above were stacked one after another in four layers to allow aerobic fermentation to proceed. A new frame container filled with abattoir residue was stacked on top of the frame container filled with open sawdust in the same manner as described above, and the same operation was repeated. The framed container filled with sawdust could be used continuously for about one year, and after one year, the filled sawdust was aerobically fermented and a fully mature product was obtained.

On the other hand, the slaughterhouse residue in the above-mentioned frame container will be removed the next day.
The temperature rose to 34℃, and after that, the temperature gradually increased, and the temperature remained above 50℃ for about 40 to 50 days, and the moisture content of the matured products after 2 months had decreased to about 30%.

〔effect〕

According to the present invention, feed and compost can be obtained in abundance and at a lower cost than waste, and on the other hand, it significantly contributes to environmental conservation measures, and the effects of the present invention are tremendous.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views showing an example of the aerobic fermentation processing apparatus of the present invention, and Figure 3 shows a state in which the apparatuses shown in Figures 1 and 2 packed with industrial waste are stacked in four stages. FIG. In the figure, 1 is a column, 2 is a leg body, 3 is a side frame, 4 is a side frame, 5 is an expanded metal, 6 is a fork insertion guide, 7 is a bag body, 8 is a bag body, 9 is a frame container, 10 is a Binding string, 11 is the lid, 12 is the frame container,
13 each indicates a lid.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A method for aerobically fermenting organic industrial waste with a high moisture content, in which a container with air permeability and water permeability containing the organic industrial waste with a high moisture content is placed above the waste. A part of the liquid component inside is naturally separated, and a breathable container containing a water-absorbing and breathable solid carrier is placed below the container at a position to receive the liquid that oozes or drips from the container. death,
A method characterized in that the organic industrial waste and a liquid component naturally separated from the waste and absorbed into the solid carrier are fermented in parallel.