JPH0433414B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a method for ventilating a greenhouse for growing and cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers.

[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In general, greenhouses for cultivating this type of cultivation do not allow outdoor cultivation in cold seasons such as winter, or are designed to allow plants to grow quickly through forced cultivation.
The room is surrounded by a transparent material such as a transparent film or board, so that the room temperature can be maintained higher than the outside temperature. However, conventionally, translucent members are single-layered, so they inevitably lack heat insulation, and as a result, when the outside temperature drops significantly at night, the temperature inside the greenhouse drops significantly, which has a negative impact on plants. When the temperature rises, the room temperature drops significantly, making it necessary to use heating to raise the indoor temperature, but the cost of heating becomes enormous. Therefore, in order to increase heat retention,
Double translucent members are used, but in this case, sunlight irradiates the plants in the greenhouse with a reduction equivalent to the square of the light transmittance of the translucent members. As a result, the amount of sunlight was significantly reduced, and heat loss was still large.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was devised for the purpose of providing a ventilation method for a cultivation greenhouse that can eliminate these drawbacks. The first invention is to provide a cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a translucent member with an opening/closing shutter that can be freely opened and closed, and to divide the cultivation greenhouse into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent members and a fully closed opening/closing shutter. In addition to making it possible to switch to a double-layer greenhouse using translucent materials, the opening/closing shutter is driven by the opening/closing machine and is continuously transferred with a ventilation gap between adjacent slats, so that when fully closed, all slats are The opening operation of the opening/closing shutter is sequentially opened from the gap between the slats on the ceiling side to form an inner room surrounded by the opening/closing shutter and between the opening/closing shutter and the outer wall of the greenhouse. The second invention is characterized in that ventilation between the inner chamber and the intermediate chamber is performed from the ceiling side of the inner chamber. By installing a retractable shutter inside the cultivation greenhouse, it is possible to switch between a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent materials and a double-layer greenhouse made of a fully closed retractable shutter and translucent materials. The slats are continuously transferred with ventilation gaps between adjacent slats by the drive of the opening/closing machine, and all gaps are closed when fully closed, and the opening operation of the opening/closing shutter is controlled by The gaps between the slats are sequentially opened to provide ventilation between the interior room surrounded by the opening/closing shutter and the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the outer wall of the greenhouse from the ceiling side of the interior room.
In addition, during this opening process, the drive of the opening/closing machine is temporarily stopped,
This is characterized in that the opening/closing machine is driven again to fully open the opening/closing machine after a predetermined period of time has elapsed.

With this configuration, the present invention has a single-walled greenhouse that can secure the maximum amount of sunlight during daylighting, but when the temperature drops at night, it can be used as a double-walled greenhouse to reduce heat loss. In addition, when the opening/closing shutter is opened, the temperature of the interior room surrounded by the opening/closing shutter does not change suddenly.

[Example 1] Next, an example of the first invention will be described based on the drawings. In the drawing, reference numeral 1 denotes a greenhouse, and the greenhouse 1 is built long in the east-west direction with the gable side facing approximately east-west. A framework is formed using a pillar 3 on the north side that is inclined so as to be displaced, and a roof (ceiling) support 4 that is supported in an inclined manner so that it becomes lower toward the south side between the upper ends of both the pillars 2 and 3. And these pillars 2, 3,
4 and an auxiliary frame material (not shown), a translucent resin film 5 is stretched over the entire surface as an outer wall, thereby forming a greenhouse 1.

On the other hand, 6 is a reflective plate that also serves as a heat insulating material, and the reflective plate 6 has reflective surfaces formed of a member such as aluminum foil on both the front and back sides.
The reflector plate 6 is arranged on the north side of the greenhouse so as to be substantially parallel to the north side support column 3, and at a predetermined distance from the north side support column 3, with the reflective surface facing south. It is installed vertically and is designed to reflect sunlight and direct the reflected light towards the soil surface of the greenhouse.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an opening/closing shutter that is assembled into the greenhouse, and a guide rail 8 constituting the opening/closing shutter 7 is attached directly to the pillars on both end sides of the greenhouse 1 or integrally through a support frame. There is. In the embodiment, the guide rail 8 is
It is composed of two rail bodies 8a and 8b arranged in parallel on the inside and outside, and on the south side it faces in a vertical direction substantially parallel to the south side support 2, and on the ceiling side it is oriented at a gentler slope than the roof support 4. However, it is laid so that the south side is lower. Furthermore, on the north side, the outer peripheral side rail body 8
a is parallel to the support column 3, and the inner peripheral side rail body 8b
is laid out so that it has a steeper slope than that. On the other hand, the shutter curtain is constituted by a plate-shaped slat 9 made of a heat insulating material such as rigid polyurethane foam made into a plate by an appropriate method such as injection method or lamination method. However, reflective surfaces similar to the reflecting plate 6 are formed on the inner and outer surfaces of the slat 9, and running rollers 10 and 11 are disposed on both the left and right edges of the slat 9 in a staggered manner on both the inner and outer surfaces, respectively. installed. And the inner side running roller 10
The inner rail body 8b is connected to the outer traveling roller 11.
are assembled so as to run on the outer peripheral side rail body 8a, respectively.

On the other hand, 12 is an operating chain attached to the roller shaft 10a of the inner side running roller 10, and the operating chain 12 is arranged such that the edges of the slats 9 that are adjacent to each other face each other with a predetermined gap L between them. The slats 9 are connected continuously. Reference numeral 13 denotes a switch installed at the north corner of the guide rail 8. A drive sprocket 14, which is chain-transmitted to the switch 13, meshes with the operating chain 12. The shutter curtain can be opened and closed by forcibly moving the chain of the drive sprocket 14 along with forward and reverse driving of the shutter curtain. That is, when the shutter curtains are fully open, they are stored in a stacked manner on the guide rail 8 of the storage section formed on the north side, but when the opening/closing machine 13 is driven, the operating chain 12 is moved to the south side. In connection with this, the slats 9 are continuously fed out in order from the upper slats 9, and when the leading slat 9 reaches the tip of the guide rail 8, the gaps between the slats are all open and in a half-open state. When it is further extended in this state, the gap L between the spring slats 9 gradually closes from the tip side,
The slats 9 are fully closed when the gap L between each slat 9 is completely eliminated, and this state is detected by a lower limit switch (not shown) and the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped. Conversely, by driving the opening/closing machine 13 in the opposite direction, the slats 9 are sequentially fed into the storage section on the north side. The shutter curtain will gradually open from the side, and when the gap is completely opened, the entire shutter curtain will be opened, and in connection with the fully open state, this will be set to a different upper limit than the above. It is detected by a limit switch and the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped, and in this way the opening/closing of the opening/closing shutter 7 can be controlled.

In the figure, reference numeral 15 denotes an airtight sheet provided on the final slat 9, which comes into contact with the reflecting plate 6 when fully closed to ensure airtightness. Further, in the opening/closing control system of the opening/closing shutter 7, for example, when a closing push button switch is operated, the opening/closing machine 13 is driven to close the shutter curtain, and when the opening push button switch is operated, the opening/closing machine 13 is reversely driven to close the shutter curtain. The opening operation of the shutter curtain is similar to that used in architectural shutters installed at openings in buildings, but this is controlled by a computer as in Example 2, which will be described later. is also good.

In the embodiment configured as described above, the opening/closing shutter 7
By keeping it fully open, the sunlight can enter through the single resin film 5 very efficiently, and if there is a reflector 6 as in the embodiment, the sunlight can be reflected by the reflector 6. This makes it possible to irradiate plants on the north side, where it is difficult to receive sufficient sunlight because they are blocked by plants on the south side. Therefore, even in the early winter, the plants in the greenhouse can be fully irradiated. You can ensure even sunlight. On the other hand, when the outside temperature drops at night and there is a risk that the indoor temperature will also drop abnormally, the opening/closing machine 13 is driven to open/close the opening/closing shutter 7.
is fully closed. By doing this,
The greenhouse 1 has a double heat insulating layer consisting of an outer translucent film 5 and an inner fully closed shutter curtain.

As described above, in the present invention, during the daytime, sunlight can efficiently enter the greenhouse through the single-layer translucent film with excellent light transmittance, allowing plants to grow well. When there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop more than necessary, such as at night, closing the opening/closing shutter 7 will provide double-layer insulation by the translucent member (film) and the shutter curtain. As a result, the heat retention inside the greenhouse can be significantly improved.

On the other hand, in this case, the fully closed shutter 7 needs to be opened in the morning, but in this case, the interior A surrounded by the shutter 7 and the outer wall of the greenhouse There is a temperature difference between the inner chamber B and the intermediate chamber B, and when the opening/closing shutter is opened, the cold air from the intermediate chamber B may enter the inner chamber and come into contact with the plants, which may adversely affect the growth of the plants. However, in the present invention, the above-mentioned drawbacks can be reliably avoided by providing ventilation between the inner chamber A and the intermediate chamber B from the ceiling side and slowly. That is, in the opening/closing shutter 7, the operating chain 12 is wound up by driving the opening/closing machine 13 by operating the opening push button switch, and the slat 9 is stored in the storage section. The tar curtain is attached to the adjacent slat 9.
The interval L between the openings is gradually opened starting from the ceiling side and the inclined upper end.
As a result, the interior chamber A and the intermediate chamber B are ventilated through this opened gap L on the ceiling side, so that the cold air from the intermediate chamber B side rapidly enters the interior chamber A and comes into direct contact with the plants. This will ensure that such accidents are avoided. Furthermore, air exchange through ventilation between the inner chamber A and the intermediate chamber B has a small amount of ventilation at the beginning of the opening operation when there is a large temperature difference, which further avoids a sudden temperature change in the inner chamber A, and increases as the opening progresses. When the gap L is opened and the amount of air exchange increases, the air exchange has already progressed and the temperature of the intermediate chamber B has risen considerably and has become close to that of the inner chamber A, making it possible to reduce the influence of cold air on the plants. It is possible to eliminate this problem as much as possible, allowing the healthy growth of plants.

Moreover, on the ceiling side, there is an opening/closing shutter 7.
Because the gap L between the slats is inclined, the opening of the gap L between the slats proceeds from the highest side, and the gap position changes more gradually in terms of height than the vertical one on the south side. As a result, the inner room A
This is advantageous because it can further contribute to allowing the air exchange between the room and the intermediate chamber B to be carried out slowly at first.

[Example 2] Next, an example of the second invention will be described. Here, since the facilities such as the greenhouse and the shutter 7 are the same as those of the first embodiment, the details thereof will be omitted, and the procedure for opening the shutter will be described in detail.

This device is for controlling the opening and closing of the opening/closing machine 13 by computer control. Opening/closing shutters such as those based on temperature detection, sunlight amount detection, or sunrise time input in advance 7
a signal from a suitable search means to search for the opening time of;
Alternatively, a close command signal is input from the close command output section 17 based on an actuation signal from a manual switch or the like. On the other hand, the control unit 16 includes first and second timer circuits T ₁ and T ₂ (timer time T ₁ <T ₂ ). The control unit 16 first determines whether or not an opening command has been received from the opening command output unit 17, and if the determination is YES, it issues a command to the opening/closing machine 13 to drive the switch. Then, the working chain 12 is wound up. As a result, in the shutter curtain, as in the first embodiment, the gaps L between the slats 9 are opened sequentially starting from the ceiling side. Then, the control unit 16
Determine whether the first timer time _T1 has elapsed;
If the first timer time T1 is within the first timer time _T1 , the switchgear 13 will continue to be driven, but if the first timer time _T1 has elapsed and a YES judgment is made, a stop command will be issued to the switchgear 13. This will stop the shutter curtain opening operation. In this state, it is determined whether or not the second timer time T ₂ has elapsed, and if a YES determination is made that the second timer time T ₂ has elapsed, the control unit 16 controls the switch 13 again. A drive command is issued to wind up the operating chain 12 to open the shutter curtain, and after winding up to the fully open state where the upper limit switch is turned off, the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped.

In this way, in this embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the gap L between the slats is gradually opened from the ceiling side, but in the middle of this opening process, the switch 13 is stopped until the second timer time _T2 elapses after the first timer time _T1 elapses, and the opening/closing shutter 7 is maintained in a half-open state. As a result, in this mid-stop state,
In the case where buffered air exchange is achieved by ventilation between the inner chamber A and the intermediate chamber B, and the temperature difference between the two chambers A and B is large, and there is still a problem in the case of Example 1, , it is possible to reliably prevent the opening of the opening/closing shutter from having an adverse effect on plants and hindering their growth.

In this way, temporarily stopping the opening/closing shutter 7 during the closing operation can be performed not only by computer control but also by electrical control using relay contacts. As shown in the figure. Here, LSU is a limit switch for upper limit (opening), LSD is a limit switch for lower limit, MCU is a relay switch for raising and its switch contact, MCD is a relay switch for closing and its switch contact, PBU is a push button switch for raising,
PBD is a push button switch for closing, PBS is a push button switch for stopping, SS is an emergency stop switch, and R is a control relay switch and its switch contacts, T ₁ ,
T ₂ (timer time is T ₁ <T ₂ ) are the first timer, second timer and their corresponding switch contacts, respectively. In this device, when the lift push button switch PBU is pressed, the switch contacts are switched by the operation of the opening relay switch MCU to drive the switch 13 to open, and the opening relay switch circuit MCU closes the switch. It is self-held by the contact, and on the timer circuit side, the control relay switch R is actuated by the closing switch contact MCU, and the switch contact is closed and self-held. When the timer time T ₁ elapses in this state, the first timer T ₁ is activated, its switch contact is opened, the opening relay switch circuit MCU is turned OFF, and the switch 13 is stopped. When the timer time T ₂ further elapses in this state (in this case, the stop time is T ₂ - _{T 1} ),
The second timer _T2 is activated, its switch contact is closed, the opening relay switch circuit MCU is turned on, and the switch 13 is driven again. Then, the shutter curtain becomes fully open, and the upper limit switch LSU is opened, thereby stopping the opening/closing machine 13. Even in this manner, during the opening operation of the shutter curtain, an opening state in which the opening/closing machine is temporarily stopped can be performed. In this case, the midway stop position will be determined by the relationship between the opening speed and the first timer time _T1 , but if the stop is made with the opening of the gap L at the ceiling, then , since there is no opening of the gap L in the vertical part on the south side, both chambers A,
Ventilation between B and B is done slowly, and if all gaps are left open, ventilation will be done quickly, but this choice depends on various conditions such as the conditions of the greenhouse and the adaptability of the plants. It can be set freely depending on the The same applies to the stop time, which can be set freely.

[Operations and Effects] In summary, since the present invention is constructed as described above, sunlight can be efficiently incident as a single layer made of a translucent member during daylighting, and at night it is fully closed. The opening/closing shutter and the translucent member form a double layer that greatly enhances heat retention, making ideal greenhouse cultivation possible. Moreover, when this shutter is opened, the gap between the slats opens from the ceiling side, so that the ventilation between the inner chamber and the intermediate chamber is directly affected by the plants. The ventilation is carried out from the ceiling side, which has less influence, and the amount of ventilation is small at the beginning of opening, and gradually increases as the opening is opened.As a result, there is a large temperature difference between the inner room and the middle room, and the cold air in the middle room is Even if there is a risk of adverse effects on plants if they come into direct contact, they can be reliably protected.
This will ensure the healthy growth of plants.

In addition, in the case where the opening operation of the opening/closing shutter is temporarily stopped in the middle of this opening process, ventilation between the inner chamber and the intermediate chamber can be made even more relaxed in a more relaxed state. This means that almost all problems caused by temperature differences can be eliminated.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawings show an embodiment of the ventilation method for a cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully open, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse with the shutter fully open. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse showing the operation in the closed state; Fig. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse showing the operation in the half-opened state; Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the main parts of the shutter curtain;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the control system, FIG. 6 is a timing chart, and FIG. 7 is a control circuit diagram of another example. In the figure, 1 is a greenhouse, 7 is an opening/closing shutter, 8 is a guide rail, and 9 is a slat.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a translucent member is equipped with an opening/closing shutter that can be freely opened and closed, so that the cultivation greenhouse can be divided into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent members and a fully closed opening/closing shutter. In addition to making it possible to switch to a double-layered greenhouse made of a shutter and a translucent member, the opening/closing shutter is driven by an opening/closing machine and is continuously transferred with a ventilation gap between adjacent slats, and when fully closed, The structure is such that all gaps are closed, and the opening operation of the opening/closing shutters is sequentially opened from the gap between the slats on the ceiling side, and between the interior room surrounded by the opening/closing shutters and the space between the opening/closing shutters and the outer wall of the greenhouse. A method for ventilating a greenhouse for cultivation, characterized in that ventilation between the intermediate chamber to be formed is performed from the ceiling side of the inner chamber. 2 A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by translucent members is equipped with a shutter that can be opened and closed, and the cultivation greenhouse is divided into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent members, a fully closed shutter, and a translucent member. In addition, the opening/closing shutter is driven by the opening/closing machine and is continuously transferred with a ventilation gap between adjacent slats, and when fully closed, all gaps are closed. The opening operation of the opening/closing shutter is sequentially opened from the gap between the slats on the ceiling side to create an inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter and an intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the outer wall of the greenhouse. Ventilation between the openings and openings is performed from the ceiling side of the interior room, and during this opening process, the drive of the opening/closing machine is temporarily stopped, and after a predetermined period of time, the opening/closing machine is driven again to fully open the opening. How to ventilate a cultivation greenhouse.