JPH0467929B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse for growing and cultivating plants such as vegetables, fruits, and flowers.

[Prior Art and Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In general, greenhouses for cultivating this type of cultivation do not allow outdoor cultivation in cold seasons such as winter, or are designed to allow plants to grow quickly through forced cultivation.
The room is surrounded by a transparent material such as a transparent film or board, so that the room temperature can be maintained higher than the outside temperature. However, conventionally, translucent members are single-layered, so they inevitably lack heat insulation, and as a result, when the outside temperature drops significantly at night, the temperature inside the greenhouse drops significantly, which has a negative impact on plants. To deal with this, it is necessary to raise the indoor temperature by heating, but this also increases the cost burden for heating. Therefore, in order to increase heat retention, the transparent material is doubled, but in this case, the sunlight rays are reduced by the square of the light transmittance of the transparent material. When plants in a greenhouse are irradiated with irradiation, another problem arises: the amount of sunlight is significantly reduced.

Therefore, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 59-191984, for example, a shutter that can be opened and closed is installed inside a greenhouse surrounded by a light-transmitting member, and during the daytime, the shutter is fully opened and the greenhouse is surrounded by a light-transmitting member. It is proposed that the greenhouse be constructed as a daylight greenhouse that receives sunlight from the transmitted sunlight, and that when the outside air cools down at night and the temperature inside the greenhouse drops, the intermittent shutter is closed to create a double-insulated greenhouse. By the way, this product is constructed so that adjacent slats can be folded together via hinges, so when opening a fully closed shutter curtain, the first slat moves away from the floor and opens. As a result, the temperature of the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the translucent member is considerably lower than the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter in the fully closed state. If there is a temperature difference, cold air will enter from between the open top slat and the floor surface, and this may come into contact with the plants and adversely affect the growth of the plants. Cannot be hired.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, the present invention was devised for the purpose of providing an opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse that can eliminate these drawbacks. A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by a light-transmitting member is equipped with an opening/closing shutter that can be freely opened and closed, thereby converting the cultivation greenhouse into a single-layer greenhouse made of light-transmitting members.
In a cultivation greenhouse configured to be able to switch between a fully closed opening/closing shutter and a double-layered greenhouse made of translucent materials, the opening/closing shutter is connected to guide rails laid on the ceiling and front part of the greenhouse. A plurality of slats that are movable while being guided and stored in a stacked manner in a storage section provided on the back side, an operating chain that connects the adjacent slats in series with a gap, and a guide rail. The opening/closing machine is installed at the corner of the ceiling and the storage area, and operates forcibly transferring the operating chain.
The slats are fed out so as to close all the gaps between the slats by the closing drive of the opening/closing machine, and are stored in the storage unit while sequentially opening the gaps between the slats located on the ceiling on the side of the storage unit by the opening drive of the opening/closing machine. Further, the housing section is formed between an outer wall of the greenhouse and a reflecting plate that reflects sunlight and irradiates the reflected light toward the floor and soil side of the greenhouse. It is something to do.

With this configuration, the present invention prevents the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter from changing suddenly when the opening/closing shutter is opened, and also reduces the storage space of the opening/closing shutter to a dead space. It is designed so that it can be used effectively and secured.

[Example] Next, an example of the present invention will be described based on the drawings. In the drawing, 1 is a greenhouse, which is built long in the east-west direction with the gable side facing approximately east-west, and vertical supports 2 on the south (front) side, and vertical supports 2 on the upper end side. A pillar 3 on the northwest (rear) side is tilted so as to be displaced toward the south side, and a roof (ceiling) pillar 4 is supported between the upper ends of both pillars 2 and 3 in a slope such that it becomes lower toward the south side. A framework has been formed. A greenhouse 1 is formed by extending a translucent resin film 5 over the entire surface of these supports 2, 3, 4 and an auxiliary frame material (not shown) as an outer wall.

On the other hand, 6 is a reflective plate that also serves as a heat insulating material, and the reflective plate 6 has reflective surfaces formed of a member such as aluminum foil on both the front and back sides.
The reflector plate 6 is installed on the north side of the greenhouse so as to be approximately parallel to the north side support column 3, and at a predetermined distance from the north side support column 3, with the reflective surface on the front side facing south. They are erected in the shape of a greenhouse, and are designed to reflect sunlight and direct the reflected light toward the soil surface inside the greenhouse. Here, the inclination angle of the reflection plate 6 is set to approximately 70 degrees in the embodiment. This is an example when assembling in Hokkaido, but the calculation of the inclination angle is that the solar elevation angle is approximately 22 degrees at the minimum at the winter solstice, and approximately 70 degrees at the maximum at the summer solstice. Considering the numerical value of
It is calculated as the angle that does not cast a shadow on the soil in the greenhouse.

Further, reference numeral 7 denotes an opening/closing shutter installed in the greenhouse, and guide rails 8 constituting the opening/closing shutter 7 are integrally attached to pillars on both end sides of the greenhouse 1 either directly or via support frames. . In the embodiment, the guide rail 8 is
It is composed of two rail bodies 8a and 8b arranged in parallel on the inside and outside, and on the south side it faces in a vertical direction substantially parallel to the south side support 2, and on the ceiling side it is oriented at a gentler slope than the roof support 4. However, it is laid so that the south side is lower. Furthermore, on the north side, the outer peripheral side rail body 8
a is parallel to the support column 3, and the inner peripheral side rail body 8b
is laid out on a steeper slope than that. On the other hand, the shutter curtain is made up of a plurality of plate-shaped slats 9 made of a heat insulating material such as rigid polyurethane foam made into plates by an appropriate method such as injection or lamination. The slat 9 has reflective surfaces similar to those of the reflective plate 6 formed on its inner and outer surfaces, and running rollers 10 and 11 are disposed on both left and right edges of the slat 9, with discrepancies between the inner and outer surfaces of the slat 9. They are installed in the shape of each. The inner side running rollers 10 and the outer side running rollers 11 are assembled so as to run on the inner circumferential side rail body 8b and the outer circumferential side rail body 8a, respectively.

On the other hand, 12 is an operating chain attached to the roller shaft 10a of the inner side running roller 10, and the operating chain 12 is arranged such that the edges of the slats 9 that are adjacent to each other face each other with a predetermined gap L between them. The slats 9 are connected continuously. Reference numeral 13 denotes a switch installed at a corner between the ceiling of the guide rail 8 and the storage section, and a drive sprocket 14, which is chain-transmitted to the switch 13, meshes with the operating chain 12. Cage, opening/closing machine 13
The shutter curtain can be opened and closed by forcibly moving the chain of the drive sprocket 14 along with forward and reverse driving of the shutter curtain. That is, in the fully open state, the shutter curtains are stored in a stacked manner on the guide rail 8 of the storage section formed on the north side, but the operating chain 12 is moved to the south side by the closing drive of the opening/closing machine 13. In connection with the transport, the slats 9 are continuously fed out in order from the upper slat 9, and when the leading slat 9 reaches the tip of the guide rail 8, the gap L between the slats is all open, and in this state. If you extend it further,
The gap L between the slats 9 gradually closes from the tip side, and when the gap L between each slat 9 disappears, it becomes fully closed. This condition is detected by a lower limit switch (not shown) and the drive of the opening/closing machine 13 is stopped. It's getting old. Conversely, by driving the switch 13 to open in the opposite direction to the above, the slats 9 are sequentially fed into the storage section on the north side, but in this case, the gap L between the slats 9 is set to It will gradually open from the side located at the side ceiling, and after the gap L is completely opened, the entire shutter curtain will be opened, and in conjunction with the fully opened state, this time. This is detected by an upper limit switch different from the one described above, and the drive of the opening/closing mechanism 13 is stopped.In this way, the opening/closing shutter 7
It is now possible to control the opening and closing of the

In the figure, reference numeral 15 is an airtight sheet provided on the final slat 9, which comes into contact with the reflector plate 6 when fully closed to ensure airtightness.

In the embodiment of the present invention constructed as described above, the opening/closing shutter 7 is kept fully open during the daytime when the sun's rays irradiate.
In addition, in winter when the angle of elevation of the sun is small, the sun's rays are reflected by the reflector plate 6, and the reflected rays are blocked by plants on the south side, making it difficult to obtain sufficient sunlight. The irradiation is particularly concentrated on the plants on the north side, and therefore even in the early winter, it is possible to ensure that the plants in the greenhouse receive even sunlight. On the other hand, when the outside temperature drops at night and there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop abnormally, the opening/closing machine 13 is driven to open/close the shutter 7.
is fully closed. By doing this,
The greenhouse 1 has a double insulation layer consisting of an outer translucent film 5 and an inner fully closed shutter curtain.

As described above, in the present invention, during the daytime, sunlight can be efficiently incident into the greenhouse through the single-layer translucent film with excellent light transmittance, and the sunlight can be reflected by the reflector plate 6. This allows plants to grow well, and when there is a risk that the indoor temperature will drop more than necessary, such as at night, the light-transmitting member ( By creating double-layer insulation using a film (film) and a shutter curtain, the heat retention inside the greenhouse can be significantly improved. 6 and the north exterior wall of the greenhouse 1, the sun's rays are not obstructed by the retractable shutter 7 in the stored state, and the sunlight from the south side and the roof is A sufficient amount of sunlight can be ensured for the plants in the greenhouse by the light reflected from the reflector. Moreover, since the storage area for the opening/closing shutter 7 is formed in the dead space between the outer wall of the greenhouse and the reflector 6, the space inside the greenhouse becomes narrower by securing the storage area for the opening/closing shutter 7. It is possible to effectively prevent this, and it is possible to have a large effective space.

Furthermore, this opening/closing shutter 7 has an opening/closing machine 13.
By opening the shutter curtain, the operating chain 12 is wound up and the slats 9 are stored in the storage section. The gap L is opened, this gap L successively extends between the leading slats 9, and after all the gaps L between adjacent slats 9 are formed, the entire shutter curtain is opened. As a result, the temperature of the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter 7 and the transparent film 5 is lower than the temperature of the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter 7 in the fully closed state, resulting in a considerable temperature difference. Even if there is a temperature difference, at the beginning of the opening operation when there is a large temperature difference, the fresh air in the middle room will disperse from the high part of the ceiling and enter the inner room.
This makes it possible to avoid sudden temperature changes in the inner chamber. Then, as the opening progresses, many gaps L are opened, and the opening/closing shutter 7 is fully opened after the temperature difference between the intermediate chamber and the inner chamber has almost disappeared. Therefore, cold air enters from the floor side all at once. Therefore, the influence of cold air on plants can be eliminated as much as possible, and healthy growth of plants can be ensured.

Furthermore, when carrying out the present invention, the insulation of the gable side of the greenhouse becomes a problem, but since this side often faces east and west, it is less affected by the incidence of sunlight; In this case, by doubling the light-transmitting member, it is possible to improve the heat insulation properties. Of course, it is also possible to separately provide an opening/closing shutter on the surface.

[Operations and Effects] In short, the present invention is configured as described above, so if the opening/closing shutter is left fully open during the day, sunlight entering through the translucent member and being reflected by the reflector will be absorbed. By fully closing the opening/closing shutter, you can ensure sufficient sunlight for the plants in the greenhouse. Since insulation is achieved through a double layer of inner and outer layers between the indoor and outdoor members and the shutter curtain, the heat retention and sunlight of the greenhouse can be greatly improved, making it possible to achieve ideal greenhouse cultivation.

Further, when the opening/closing shutter is opened, it is stored in the storage section while sequentially opening the gaps between the slats located on the ceiling of the storage section. Therefore, ventilation between the inner chamber surrounded by the opening/closing shutter and the intermediate chamber formed between the opening/closing shutter and the translucent member is conducted from the high ceiling side, which has less direct impact on plants. Moreover, the amount of ventilation is small at the beginning of opening, and gradually increases as the opening is continued.As a result, the temperature difference between the inner chamber and the middle chamber is large, and when the cold air from the middle chamber comes into direct contact with Even if there is a possibility that the plant will be adversely affected, the plant can be reliably protected and its healthy growth can be ensured.

Moreover, the storage section of this opening/closing shutter is formed by effectively utilizing the dead space between the outside wall of the greenhouse and the reflector, so there is no need to secure any special storage space within the greenhouse, and the effective space of the greenhouse is saved. This can prevent the greenhouse from becoming too narrow, and the sunlight will not be obstructed by the storage area.
The arrangement can be extremely organized.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse according to the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the greenhouse showing the opening/closing shutter fully open, and FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the greenhouse showing the opening/closing shutter fully open. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a main part of the shutter curtain, and FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the action. In the figure, 1 is a greenhouse, 5 is a translucent film, 6 is a reflector, 7 is an opening/closing shutter, 8 is a guide rail,
9 is a slat, 12 is an operating chain, 13 is a switch, and L is a gap.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A cultivation greenhouse surrounded by translucent members is equipped with an openable shutter that can be opened and closed, and the cultivation greenhouse is divided into a single-layer greenhouse made of translucent members, a fully closed openable shutter, and a translucent shutter. In a cultivation greenhouse configured to be able to be switched to a double-layered greenhouse made of members, the opening/closing shutter is movable while being guided by guide rails laid on the ceiling and front part of the greenhouse, and A plurality of slats stored in a stacked manner in a storage section provided on the side, an operating chain that connects the adjacent slats in a series with a gap, and a corner between the ceiling of the guide rail and the storage section. The slats are fed out to close the gaps between all the slats by the closing drive of the switchgear, and the slats are drawn out to close the gaps between all the slats by the opening drive of the switchgear.
The space between the slats located in the ceiling on the side of the storage section is sequentially opened so that the slats are accommodated in the storage section, and the slats reflect sunlight toward the floor and soil surface inside the greenhouse. An opening/closing shutter for a cultivation greenhouse characterized by being formed between a reflector that irradiates reflected light and an outer wall of the greenhouse.