JPH0440972B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to disposable flexible plastic animal collars. In one aspect, these animal collars have improved safety in that the length of the collar strap increases under squeeze tension. These collars are well suited for delivering insecticidal parasitic compositions to kill insects, ticks and other parasites. Australian Patent No. 428728 describes an integral releasable cable tie having a pawl catch that cooperates with teeth extending from the surface of the strap in a latched condition. The cable strap also includes a detent that holds the strap in a loop around the cable and temporarily engages the fastener. Australian Patent No. 231219 is directed to a similar plastic cable tie having teeth extending from the surface of the strap. New Zealand Patent No. 141775 describes a tag strap having regularly spaced ridges interengaging with corresponding ridges at the buckle portion. Australian Patent No. 433136 shows an animal collar made from flexible resilient plastic which may contain an insecticidal composition. A stud on the face of the collar strap adjacent to the guide at one end projects through a hole in the tongue of the strap, holding it in place after the tongue has passed through the guide to form a loop. are doing. Safety animal collars with structures that break or stretch under tension have been previously described and are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No. 288071 describes a cat and dog collar having an extensible metal spring portion. US patent
No. 4044725 states that when subjected to squeezing pressure, it separates,
Figure 1 shows an animal collar made from a resiliently releasable molded plastic link having a ball and socket snap structure that releases the collar. US Patent No.
No. 4180016 shows an insecticidal collar that uses frictional engagement between the tongue and the guide to maintain the loop. The squeeze tension pulls on the tongue independently of the guide. The straps and animal collars described above do not have the structural features or provide the advantages of the disposable collars of the present invention. Cable ties have sophisticated pawl latching devices. Animal collars do not have the structure of the present invention in terms of grip or security. The safety release feature of the present invention relieves draw tension but does not open and break the loop. A preferred example is made of a plastic with some elasticity so that some degree of stretching occurs before the safety release is made. This is particularly useful when collars are used on pets and livestock that attempt to remove the collar by rubbing it against a fixed object. The present invention has an anti-squeezing device located intermediate from both ends of the strap, the anti-squeezing device having a bend in the strap, and between the bends there is another connection that is more likely to break than the bend. An animal collar is provided that includes a flexible strap. The elongated flexible plastic safety collar for livestock of the present invention also includes embodiments having a tongue at one end and a fastener at the other end for receiving and interlocking the tongue to form a loop. An anti-squeezing device is provided intermediate the ends of the strap to increase the size of the loop and extend the length of the strap in response to the squeezing tension on the loop. The anti-throb device includes a plurality of slits. At least one slit extends through the thickness of the strap at least half the distance from the first edge to the second opposing line, and the opposing face of the first slit adjacent the first edge is formed of a solid piece sized to break under drawing tension. are connected by a physical connection device. a second slit adjacent the first slit and extending through the thickness of the strap, extending at least half the distance from the second edge of the strap to the opposite first edge; The surfaces are joined by an integral coupling device sized to fail under drawing tension. The coupling device collapses or ruptures under drawing tension, opening the opposing edges of the slit with which it is associated, allowing them to be separated, thereby elongating the strap. The disposable animal collar of the present invention has an inexpensive plastic construction and can be used as a carrier for ectoparasiticides such as insecticides or as an identification collar. Animal collars with insecticidal activity are known and available on the market. They are lice (Mallaphaga) and fleas (Siphonaptera)
protection of small animals, especially dogs and cats, against infection by and in some cases Ixodidae. Animal collars according to the invention are useful for livestock and/or pets such as sheep, cattle, horses, pigs, goats, dogs and cats. They can be used against many harmful animal parasites (ectoparasites) of the classes Arachnidae and Insects. Examples of ectoparasites of the arachnid class that occur primarily in the tropics, subtropics and temperate zones include the Australian and South American one-host cattle tick (Boophilus microplus), the African one-host cattle tick (Boophilus decoloratus), of the family Ixodidae. ]
and multihost mites (which are parasites in livestock and pets on all continents) e.g. mites (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus
evertsi, Rhipicephalus sanquineus), tick (Amblyomma variegatum, Amblyomma
hebraeum, Amblyomma cayennense), ticks (Dermacentor variabilis, Exodes habcyclus,
In addition to Ixodes ricinus, it also includes the poultry mite Dermanysus gallinae from the family Gamasidae and the family Sarcoptidae. Examples of ectoparasites of the class Insecta include Mallophaga, such as dog lice (Trichodectes canis), cow lice (Damalinea bovis),
Sheep lice (Damalinea ovis) and poultry lice (Eomenacanthus, stramineus); lice such as cattle lice (Haematopinus);
eurysternus)], pig lice (Haematopinus ovinus), and dipterans such as sheep lice (Melophagus ovinus);
ovinus)] and fleas such as dog fleas only (Ctenoce-phalides canis). In FIG. 1, a perspective view of the safety collar of the present invention is shown in a closed or engaged position. The strap 2 has a fastener 4 at one end and a tongue 6 at the opposite end. A plurality of tooth projections 8 are spaced along the surface of the strap 2.
The fastener 4 has a passageway 10 extending therethrough for receiving and guiding the tongue 6. In the fastener 4, two opposing walls 12 and 14
defines the passageway 10, and the wall 14 has a hole or square slot 16 therein for receiving a tooth projection in a pawl-engaged condition. The extensible portion 18 is
It has a plurality of slots 20 and 22 extending through the thickness of the strap, as described below. In FIG. 2, a fragmentary perspective view of the fastener and tongue element of the collar of the present invention is shown in an unengaged position. The front end 24 of the tongue 6 has a reduced thickness to facilitate insertion into the fastener passageway 10.
The tooth protrusion 8 is formed integrally with one surface of the strap. FIG. 3 shows a partially sectional view of the engaged collar, in particular the shape of the fastener and tongue. Preferably, the fastener includes opposing walls 12 and 14, with wall 12 being integral with the end of strap 2. The opposing wall 14 has a tooth protrusion 26 in a latched state.
a hole or slot 16 therein for receiving the
have. Hole or slot 16 is located in passage 1
0 has a fastener slot transverse wall 30 facing in a direction opposite to the inlet of the fastener slot. Preferably, it forms an angle A of less than 90 DEG with the inner fastener wall surface 32 of wall 14. The tooth process is defined by a front end face 34 forming an obtuse angle B (preferably greater than 100°) with the strap surface 36. The tooth has a trailing surface 38 forming an acute angle C (preferably less than 80 DEG) with the leading end surface 34. The opposite end 29 of the fastener serves as a second stop. The tooth process 28 is the fastener passage 10
When fully drawn through, it abuts against the opposite end 29 according to the tension and the slot 16
This strengthens the latch engagement of the tooth process 26. If an animal, such as a cat, succeeds in disengaging the projection 26 of the slot 16 and removing the fastener, the tooth projection 28 will be drawn into locking engagement with the slot 16, thereby foiling the animal's efforts. FIG. 4 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the extensible portion of the safety collar of the present invention. The slot 40 is located at the strap edge 4.
2 to the opposing edge 44 approximately 50-90% of the distance. Slot 46 extends approximately 50-90% of the distance from strap edge 44 to opposing edge 42. These slots extend through the entire thickness of the strap. Opposing surfaces 52 and 54 of slot 40 adjacent edge 42 are joined by an integral bridging element 56. Similarly, opposing surfaces 58 and 60 of slot 46 adjacent edge 44 are joined by an integral bridging element 62. The shape of the slot is preferably curved, with slot surfaces 52, 54 and 58, 60 forming continuously curved surfaces. This curved shape is the crosslinked element 5
When 6 and 62 break, they resist the formation of cracks that could weaken the collar. Bridging elements 56 and 62 are integrally formed with the strap. They are designed to have a specially determined cross-sectional area sized to provide a preselected break point that corresponds to the estimated draw tension of the target animal for which the collar is designed. The specific dimensions of the bridging elements 56 and 62 therefor depend on the tensile strength of the plastic compound. Tensile strength can be determined by standard measurement methods and the corresponding cross-sectional area can be calculated for each animal to give the required cross-sectional tension. Suitable tensions are shown in Table A.

【table】

5 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the extensible portion of the animal collar of the present invention in an extended position. When a breaking tension is applied, the bridging elements 56 and 62
is broken, leaving opposed stubs 64 and 66, and forming opposite faces 52, 54 of slots 40 and 46.
and 58, 60 apart. When the tension is released, if the collar is constructed of a resilient, plastic material, the collar will return to its previous shape. However, the contractile force exerted by the collar is irreversibly reduced. Slots 40 and 46 are preferably alternating, with the total number of slots being selected to determine the desired extendable length. For dog and cat collars, the total number of slots is 10.
~12 is preferred, and for sheep 10-20 is preferred, with half the slots extending from each edge. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of the safety collar of the present invention in an extended condition. In this example, the elongated portion 6
The bridging element at 8 is broken and the slit 20
and 22 opposite surfaces to provide for elongation of the strap and a larger loop. The bridging elements in the unstretched slot portion 70 have not fractured due to the tension released as the slot portion 68 stretches. If the collar is engaged by the projections so that the animal cannot release itself, the continued applied pressure will cause the bridging element in the non-stretched portion 70 to rupture, further widening the collar and removing the animal from the loop. Allow the animal to escape by removing its head. The safety collar of the present invention has been shown and described with both integrally molded fasteners 4 and extensible portions 18. Extensible part 1 without fastener 4
A safety collar comprising No. 8 is also an object of the invention. In the latter example, other types of fasteners can be attached to the ends of the straps, such as metal buckles, as shown in US Pat. No. 3,918,407. The safety collars of the present invention can be made from conventional thermoplastic, plasticized polymeric compositions by conventional methods known to those skilled in the art, and neither the particular composition nor the particular method of manufacture is required. It does not form part of the invention. For example, such compositions can be made by mechanically mixing powder components, which can then be heated to a homogeneous melt that can be cast, extruded, injected or molded into the desired shape. It can also be cast from plastisol compositions as described in US Pat. No. 3,918,407. In the preparation of the plasticized thermoplastic component of the compositions of the present invention, an active ectoparasiticide that has satisfactory compatibility with the plasticizer used and, for an ectoparacitically active collar, is used. Any suitable thermoplastic resin that is compatible with the agent can be used. In using the compositions of the present invention for dog collars, for example to control ectoparasites, the thermoplastic resin has sufficient resistance to wear and crack formation for the dog for weeks or months. Alternatively, it is required to have appropriate strength and flexibility to withstand molding into a collar without becoming brittle. Furthermore, the plasticizer does not leach out of the resin at normal temperatures and conditions;
It must also be a resin that allows for proper transfer of the active ectoparasiticide from the body of the composition to the surface of the resin. The above requirements for resins are met by vinyl polymers and copolymers having a molecular weight of 1000 or more (solid at room temperature). Suitable polymers are selected from homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate, vinyl acetal, vinyl alcohol, vinylbenzene, and divinylbenzene, and vinylidene chloride. Furthermore, the copolymers may contain additional components such as ethylene, propylene, butadiene, isoprene, acrylic and methacrylic components. Other suitable polymers include polyethylene; polypropylene;
Copolymer of ethylene and propylene; nylon;
Polyacrylates such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate and homopolymers and copolymers of ethyl methacrylate; polyurethanes; polyaldehydes; synthetic and natural elastomers such as Hevea brasiliensis, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, polybutadiene, SBR Rubbers and copolymers of such rubbers; including cellulose plastics such as cellulose acetate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose nitrate, and the like. The resin comprises 35-75% by weight of the total composition, preferably 40-70%. Preferred polymers and copolymers are polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polyvinyl acetate, cellulose acetate, polyethylene, polybutadiene, polyaldehyde and polypropylene. Plasticizers that can be used are those conventionally used for plasticizing thermoplastic resins such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Plasticizers generally exist in two forms: phosphate esters and esters of polybasic carboxylic acids. Phosphate esters are preferred as they are relatively non-volatile and inert. These compounds have the structural formula (wherein R may be the same or different and is preferably a hydrocarbon group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkaryl groups having at least 4 carbon atoms) It is expressed as follows. These esters are virtually non-volatile, yet impart excellent plasticizing properties to the compositions formed. Representative phosphate esters include triaryl phosphates such as tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tri(p-t-butylphenyl) phosphate, tri(biphenylyl) phosphate, o-
biphenylyldiphenyl phosphate, and cresyl diphenyl phosphate; trialkyl phosphates such as tri-n-butyl phosphate, tri-2-ethyl-hexyl phosphate,
Tri-n-octyl phosphate and mixed phosphates such as trilauryl phosphate, tributoxyethyl phosphate; and 2-ethyl-hexyldiphenyl phosphate, and the like. Representative examples of esters of polybasic carboxylic acids include phthalate esters such as dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, ditridecyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, diphenyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate and dihexyl phthalate; sebacates such as dibutyl sebacate, dipentyl Sebacate, n-
Butylbenzyl sebacate and dibenzyl sebacate; adipates such as dioctyl adipate, dicapryl adipate, diisobutyl adipate and dinonyl adipate, citrates such as tributyl citrate. Due to their ready availability, dioctyl adipate, dioctyl phthalate and tricresyl phosphate are most commonly used. The amount of plasticizer used is that amount required to plasticize the resin to the desired degree of flexibility. In compositions containing ectoparasiticides, plasticizers contribute to the rate of migration of the active ingredient to the surface of the composition. Various plasticizers and their amounts affect the rate of this migration. High concentrations of plasticizer tend to increase the rate of migration of the ectoparasiticide to the surface, such that the maximum rate of migration occurs when using a plasticizer with a solubility parameter of approximately 8.4-8.7 Hildebrand units. Seem. Generally the plasticizer concentration will vary from about 25 to 50% by weight of the total composition, with amounts of 30 to 40% being preferred. A preferred plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride is dioctyl adipate at 30-50% by weight. Preferred animal collars of the present invention contain one or more active ingredients that are effective in protecting or freeing an animal from ectoparasites. Ectoparasiticides that can be used include carbamates, organophosphorus compounds, organochlorine compounds, pyrethroids and mixtures thereof. Carbamates useful in the compositions of the invention have the formula (In the formula, R ² represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R ³ represents a lower alkyl group, and R ¹ represents an aryl group, a substituted aryl group, a heterocyclic group, or a substituted heterocyclic group) It will be done. As used herein, "lower alkyl group" refers to a branched or straight chain alkyl group having a chain length of 1 to 6 carbon atoms. As used herein, "aryl" refers to aryl groups such as phenyl or naphthyl. As used herein, "substituted aryl group" refers to a phenyl group or naphthyl group substituted with one or more groups such as a lower alkyl group, halogen, lower alkoxy group, lower alkylamino group, lower dialkylamino group, or lower alkylthio group. refers to a group. When used here, "heterocyclic group"
The term refers to organic cyclic groups containing up to 12 carbon atoms and having oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms in the nucleus. As used herein, the term "substituted heterocyclic group" refers to a heterocyclic group substituted with one or more groups such as lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylamino, lower dialkylamino, or halogen. Refers to a cyclic group. Representative examples of carbamates that can be used in the present invention include 2-(1-methylethoxyl)phenolmethylcarbamate, 2-isopropyl-N-methylcarbamate, 2-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methylcarbamate, and 3-(1-methylethoxyl)phenolmethylcarbamate. methylbutyl) phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, 3-
(1-ethylpropyl)phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, 6-chloro-3,4-xylenyl-
N-methyl carbamate. The production of carbamates of the above formula has been previously published. See, eg, US Pat. No. 2,903,478 and US Pat. No. 3,203,853. Some useful alkyl-, aralkyl-, alkaryl-, and heterocyclic carbamates include m-(1-ethylpropyl)phenylmethylcarbamate, m-(1-methylbutyl)phenylmethylcarbamate, 2- dimethylamino-
5,6-dimethylpyrimidin-4-yldimethylcarbamate, 4-methylthio-3,5-xylyl-N-methylcarbamate, 2-(1,3-dixolan-2-yl)phenyl-N-methylcarbamate, 3- These include isopropyl-5-methylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate and 4-dimethylamino-3-tolyl-N-methylcarbamate. Useful organophosphorus compounds have the formula (In the formula, R ⁴ represents a group selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, and an alkylmercaptoal group, and R ⁵ represents a group selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, a lower alkyl group, and a lower alkenyl group. where R ⁶ and R ⁷ represent a lower alkyl group, x represents a group selected from the group consisting of oxygen and sulfur, and Y is selected from a direct bond and sulfur. Particularly suitable organophosphorus compounds are bromophos, temephos, phoxime, dichlorvos, culfomate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, nailed, styrifofos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, demeton, phorate, disulfotone, ethion, ethoprop, formothion, dimethoate, acephate, fenitrothion. ,
These include prophenophos, bromophos-ethyl, phonophos, fuentoate, dioxathion, fosualone, dialiphore, diazinon, azinphos-methyl and triazophos. Examples of pyrethroids include barthorin, vioresmethrin, tetramethrin, resmethrin, arethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, fuenvalerate, phenotrin, fluvalinate, decamethrin, deltamethrin and fuenpropathrin. Examples of organochlorine compounds include methoxychlor, dienachlor, dicofol, toxaphene, chlorphenetol, chlorobenzilate, lindane, chlordimeform, DDT and chloropropylate. Preferred ectoparasiticides are carbaryl, propokudil, fosmet, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, temephos, nailed, stylovos,
diazinon and bendiocarb. The composition according to the invention may contain 2 to 25% by weight, usually 2 to 25% by weight.
Contains 15% by weight ectoparasiticide. Other ingredients may be used in the compositions without departing from the scope of the invention, such as stabilizers, attractants, dyes, fillers, flavoring agents, or other fungicides. Useful additives such as carbon black, titanium dioxide, and other insoluble pigments and fillers, when added in small amounts, i.e., less than 1% by weight, act to impart color to the resin mixture. The invention is further illustrated by examples, but is not limited thereto. Example 1 The following ingredients were mixed at 135-140°C until uniform. Component concentration (wt%) polyvinyl chloride 51.6 o-isopropoxyphenyl-N-methyl carbamate 10.3 octyl epoxytalate 2.3 dioctyl phthalate 9.1 diisobutyl adipate 21.1 stearic acid 0.8 The mixture was prepared so that the temperature of the composition did not exceed 325°C. The die was cooled to 60-70° and injection molded into a collar having the shape shown in FIG.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a safety collar according to the present invention in a closed or engaged position, FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view of an unengaged collar constructed according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view of the engaged collar of the invention, particularly the fastener and tongue; FIG. Figure 5 is a partial perspective view of the extensible portion of the safety collar of the present invention shown in the extended position, and Figure 6 is a perspective view of the safety collar of the present invention in the extended position upon application of tension. be. 2 is a strap, 4 is a fastener, 6 is a tongue, 8 is a tooth process, 10 is a channel, 12 and 14 are walls facing the fastener, 16 is a square slot, 18 is an extensible portion, 20 and 22 are slits, and 24 is a 30 is a fastener slot wall, 32 is a fastener wall surface, 34 is an end surface, 38 is a trailing surface, 40 is a slot, 42 is a strap edge,
44 is an opposing edge, 46 is a slot, 52 and 54 are opposing surfaces of the slot 40, 56 is a bridging element, and 62 is a bridging element.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. The strap has a diaphragm prevention device at an intermediate position from both ends of the strap, and the diaphragm prevention device has a bent portion of the strap, and between the bent portions is another connecting portion that is more likely to break than the bent portion. An animal collar including an elongation flexible strap having an elongation flexibility strap. 2. The anti-throb device has a first slit extending over the entire thickness of the strap to at least half the distance from a first edge of the strap to an opposite second edge; The surfaces are joined by an integral coupling device sized to fail under a predetermined drawing tension and adjacent the first slit and extending over the entire thickness of the strap at least the distance from the second edge to the first edge. having a second slit extending half way, the opposing surfaces of the second slit adjacent the second edge being joined by an integral coupling device sized to fail under said predetermined drawing tension, whereby said predetermined 2. A collar according to claim 1, wherein when the coupling device fails under stress, the opposing faces of the associated slit separate, thus elongating the strap. 3. The collar of claim 2, wherein the slit includes spaced apart opposing surface portions. 4. The collar according to claim 3, wherein the opposing surface portions are bent to form a continuous surface. 5 at least five slots extend from the first edge, and at least five slots extend from the second edge in an alternating arrangement with slots extending from the first edge;
A collar according to any one of claims 2 to 4. 6. The collar according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the collar contains an ectoparasiticide. 7. An elongated flexible strap having an anti-squeezing device located intermediate from each end of the strap, said anti-squeezing device having a bend in the strap and having another connection between the bends that is more susceptible to rupture than the bend. further comprising a strap having a plurality of teeth intermediate the ends thereof, a fastening device at one end of the strap being integral therewith, the fastening device for receiving the strap to form a loop. An animal collar having a passage having opposing walls extending parallel to said strap at a distance, one wall having a stop device for receiving one of said prongs in a latched condition. 8. The collar of claim 7, wherein the tooth projection has an end surface forming an obtuse angle with the face of the strap, and the trailing surface of the tooth projection forms an acute angle with the end surface. 9. The collar according to claim 8, wherein the locking device is a hole having a square shape. 10 Claim 7--The tooth projection extends over the entire width of the strap and is integral therewith.
A collar described in any one of paragraphs 9. 11. The collar according to any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein the collar contains an ectoparasiticide.