JPH0450413B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to polyester fibers for open-end spinning, particularly when the rotation speed of the rotor is 60,000 RPM.
The present invention relates to a synthetic fiber for high-speed open-end spinning that is suitable for the above-mentioned high-speed open-end spinning. [Prior art] The basic mechanism of rotor-type open-end spinning is that the supplied sliver is divided into fibers by a combing roller, transported to the rotor chamber by air flow, and then continuously collected by the rotor and pulled out as twisted yarn. It consists of things. In response to such mechanisms, oil agents for open-end spinning have been proposed that are primarily aimed at suppressing the generation of powdery scum due to fiber breakage during combing and preventing the fibers from wrapping around the combing roller. For example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-12838, a fatty acid ester that is liquid at room temperature suppresses the generation of powdery scum, and a fatty acid polyamide prevents fibers from getting wrapped around the combing roller. No. 56-3465 discloses an oil composition that suppresses the generation of powdery scum using a PO/EO block copolymer, and Japanese Patent Publication No. 57-37707 discloses an oil composition using a POE alkyl ether or a POE alkyl ester and a fatty acid ester. An oil composition has been proposed that suppresses the generation of powdery scum and prevents the fibers from being wrapped around the combing roller by the alkyl phosphate potassium salt. By the way, recently, in order to improve productivity, high-speed open-end spinning machines with rotor rotation speeds that are significantly faster have been adopted. In other words, the rotor rotation speed has increased from 30,000 RPM to 60,000 to 80,000 RPM.
The RPM is as fast as 80,000 to 100,000 RPM or more. However, when polyester raw cotton treated with the above-mentioned open-end spinning oil is supplied to such a high-speed open-end spinning machine, as the amount of passing fiber increases, powdery scum inside the rotor increases and the rotor rotational speed increases. As the spinning speed increases, the spinning force increases significantly due to friction with the guide for pulling out the yarn from the rotor, that is, the naple, and a phenomenon occurs in which part of the surface of the fiber is abraded and becomes plasticized. It has been found. As a result, the number of yarn breakages increases, and the uniformity, level dyeing properties, and strength of the yarn are adversely affected. On the other hand, many polyester fibers suitable for such high-speed open-end spinning have poor spinning conditions in the process up to the open-end spinning machine, that is, in the blending, carding, and drawing processes, and are good in all processes. Polyester fibers are desired. Here, the spinning condition refers to lap pricking due to poor convergence of laps and slivers, coiling collapse, stickiness of oil, card cylinder winding due to scum adhesion, and drawing roller winding. In addition, it is important to prevent fibers from wrapping around the combing roller of a high-speed open-end spinning machine and to suppress the generation of powdery scum. In other words, powdery scum containing short fibers of around 3 mm accumulates inside the rotor, and as the operating time passes, yarn unevenness becomes larger and yarn breakage occurs frequently. In severe cases, the spun yarn is wound up until it is dotted. It was necessary to stop the operation one to three times every year to clean the inside of the twisting chamber. In addition, when it comes to raw cotton that does not have a large amount of powdery scum, yarn breakage occurs frequently when it is wound around the combing roller, and it requires a lot of manpower to remove the wound fibers, and it is difficult to obtain a homogeneous yarn. Nakatsuta. Furthermore, among these, there was a tendency that the more powdery scum was generated, the lower the yarn strength was. As is clear from the above, at present, there is no plasticity phenomenon on the fiber surface in high-speed open-end spinning machines, and there is no winding around the combing roller.
Polyester fibers with good spinning conditions from blended batting to drawing have not yet been realized. [Object of the Invention] Therefore, the object of the present invention is to improve the problems peculiar to such high-speed open-end spinning and to provide a synthetic fiber suitable for high-speed open-end spinning that makes it possible to obtain high-quality spun yarn with high efficiency. Our goal is to provide the following. [Structure of the Invention] As a result of intensive research aimed at achieving the above-mentioned object, the present inventor has developed a method for forming desired fibers by strengthening the oil film on the fiber surface and lowering the coefficient of friction against metal under high speed and high tension conditions. I got it. . That is, the present invention provides (a) a fatty acid ester of a monohydric or polyhydric alcohol;
10 to 40% by weight of one or more neutral oils selected from the group consisting of vegetable, animal or mineral oil waxes, and polyethylene waxes and having a melting point of 30 to 150°C; (b) (c) An oil agent consisting of 10 to 40% by weight of a fatty acid polyamide, which is a reaction product of a fatty acid whose alkyl group has 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and a polyamine, and (c) the remainder an emulsifier and/or an antistatic agent, is attached. This is a polyester fiber for open-end spinning that is characterized by When the yarn is drawn out from the rotor, the spinning force increases due to friction with the navel, and the temperature of the contact area also increases. As the rotation speed of the rotor increases, this temperature increases, and the tension and temperature combine,
Finally, a state is reached where a part of the surface of the fiber undergoes a plasticization phenomenon. At this time, the oil agent on the fiber surface melts and generates latent heat of fusion, which prevents the temperature of the fiber surface from increasing and prevents the plasticization phenomenon. If the melting point is too high, the temperature on the fiber surface will not drop.
The melting point is preferably 150°C or lower. Oil components that exhibit this effect include fatty acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, vegetable, animal or mineral waxes, and polyethylene waxes having a melting point of 30 to 150°C. Examples of fatty acid esters of monohydric and polyhydric alcohols include stearyl stearate, distearyl phthalate, distearyl adipate, sorbitan behenate, and the like. Examples of vegetable-based, animal-based, or mineral oil-based waxes include carnauba wax, wood wax, beeswax, Seratu wax, paraffin wax, Montan wax, and the like. Examples of the polyethylene wax include polyethylene wax obtained by the ethylene Ziegler method. The proportion of these components is preferably large in order to prevent plasticization of the fiber surface in the open-end process, but in the pre-spinning process from mixed batting to drawing,
The smaller the amount, the better; in order to balance the entire process, the amount of these ingredients added should be 10% of the total amount of oil.
It is necessary to use at least 15% by weight, and in order to obtain a sufficient effect, it is preferably at least 15% by weight, but 40% by weight or more is necessary.
% by weight is sufficient. These ingredients are 40% by weight
If the weight exceeds 40%, not only will there be more wrapping around the combing roller of the open-end device, but also more embedding in the card cylinder during the pre-spinning process, making it difficult to form a uniform web. % or less, preferably 35% by weight or less. Next, the fatty acid polyamide in the present invention is a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid whose alkyl group has 8 to 22 carbon atoms and a general formula H ₂ N (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH).
A fatty acid polyamide obtained by reaction with polyethylene polyamine represented by nH [where n is 1 to 5], with the general formula R ₁ CONH (CH ₂ CH ₂ NH)
nCOR ₂ ...Formula (1) [wherein R ₁ and R ₂ have 8 carbon atoms]
to 22 alkyl groups, n being 1 to 5]. This fatty acid polyamide is highly effective in reducing the static frictional force of the treated fibers and preventing them from winding around the combing roller. Ingredients that have the effect of preventing curling include the ingredients used in the synthetic fiber processing oil used in the ring-type spinning machines mentioned above;
For example, there are some anionic surfactants such as alkyl phosphate esters, alkyl sulfate esters, and resinous soaps.Fibers treated by blending these with the fatty acid esters or oils containing the fatty acid esters have smoothness at high speeds. This is undesirable because powdery scum is generated in an open-end spinning machine in an extremely large amount due to a large decrease in the amount of powder. In this regard, when the fatty acid polyamide used in the present invention is blended with the fatty acid ester smoothing agent or an oil agent containing the fatty acid ester smoothing agent, even a relatively small amount of the fatty acid polyamide can reduce the occurrence of wrapping around the combing roller. Preferably, it also has the effect of reducing powdery scum. However, when the number of carbon atoms in the fatty acid is less than 8, this effect is significantly reduced, so the number of carbon atoms must be at least 8.
or more, preferably 10 or more,
If the number of carbon atoms exceeds 22, the high-speed smoothness of the treated cotton will decrease, and furthermore, when used as an aqueous emulsion, it will be difficult to form an emulsion, which is not preferred. Furthermore, when the value of n in formula (1) exceeds 5, it cannot be used for this purpose because of the deterioration of high-speed smoothness and the difficulty of forming an emulsion. In order to reduce the amount of the fatty acid polyamide being wrapped around the combing roller, the blended amount of fatty acid polyamide must be at least 10% by weight based on the total amount of oil, and 40% by weight.
If it exceeds this value, the friction between the fibers becomes too low, which tends to cause the web to sag on the card, making the slipper bulky, and causing problems such as the oil agent falling off from the fiber surface, which is not preferable.
Usually, a blending amount of 15 to 35% by weight is desirable. Further, when these components are used as an aqueous emulsion, it is not preferable that the sum of the fatty acid ester and the fatty acid polyamide exceeds 70% by weight of the total oil agent because emulsification becomes difficult. The above-mentioned components are usually preferably used as an aqueous emulsion by adding antistatic agents and emulsifiers, but various additives such as rust preventives, antioxidants, preservatives, and emulsion stabilizers are also added. You can also do that. In this case, antistatic agents include known quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl betaines, imidazoline type amphoteric surfactants, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, etc., and these are mixed in a range of 10 to 30% by weight based on the total amount of oil. It is appropriate to do so. Furthermore, it is desirable to use a nonionic active agent as the main emulsifier. Nonionic activators include polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl phenol, polyoxyethylene fatty acid ester, ethylene oxide adduct of castor oil,
Examples include fatty acid monoesters of glycerin, fatty acid monoesters of sorbitan, and ethylene oxide adducts thereof. Although it is preferable for nonionic surfactants to have a high melting point, their effectiveness is not as great as that of fatty acid esters and waxes. When these compounded oils are processed by the dipping method normally used for aqueous emulsions, it is appropriate to use them as an emulsion with a concentration of 0.5 to 5% by weight; It can also be treated by a method and is not particularly limited by the treatment method. Furthermore, the oil agent of the present invention can be applied to synthetic fibers at any position in the synthetic fiber manufacturing process.
It is also possible to apply a lubricant by a dipping method, then subject the treated fibers to a dry heat treatment, and then re-oil the fibers by a spray method. The amount of adhesion of the present invention oil to synthetic fibers is 0.08
(wt)% to 0.30 (wt)%. When the amount of adhesion is lower than 0.08% (by weight), sufficient smoothness cannot be obtained, more powdery scum is generated in the open-end spinning process, and the fiber surface becomes more plastic. Furthermore, the antistatic ability is insufficient, and troubles due to static electricity occur during the pre-protection process, which is undesirable. On the other hand, the larger the amount of adhesion, the less the generation of powdery scum can be suppressed, but normally 0.25% by weight is sufficient, and if it exceeds 0.3% by weight, the amount of scum that is attached increases to the combing roller, and furthermore, in the pre-spinning process. This is not necessary any more since sinking into the card cylinder, web turbulence, and roll-up of the rollers during the drawing process will also be significantly increased. In the present invention, polyester mainly refers to polyethylene terephthalate. As for spun yarn, the desired goal is achieved not only when used with polyester 100, but also when blended with cotton and rayon. [Operations and effects of the invention] As described above, polyester fibers for spinning treated with a fatty acid ester or wax having a high melting point and an oil containing a specific fatty acid polyamide are opened using a combing roller, drafted, and sent to a twisting room. When applied to a drum-rotating open-end spinning machine using the feeding method, even if the rotor rotates at high speed, the fiber surface does not plasticize, and there is less generation of powdery scum and less winding up on the combing roller. Continuous operation for long periods of time is possible, and the spun yarn is more uniform than that of general ring-type spinning, allowing the open-end spinning machine to fully exhibit its characteristics. Therefore, according to the present invention, a polyester fiber is produced which does not undergo plasticization on the fiber surface in an open-end spinning machine at high speed, does not wind up on the combing roller, and has a good spinning condition in the pre-spinning. provided. [Example] Next, the present invention will be explained in detail with reference to Examples, but of course the present invention is not limited to these Examples. Example 1 A drawn polyester fiber (single filament denier 1.3 denier) with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.65 measured with an orthochlorophenol solution was dried and heat-treated in a tow state using a hot roller heated to 200°C. Immerse it in an aqueous solution of each oil shown in the table,
It was squeezed so that the amount of oil adhesion was 0.14% by weight, then crimped and hot air dried at 110°C for 30 minutes. The raw cotton for spinning obtained by cutting this tow into a length of 35 mm is opened in the usual manner and passed twice through a carded sliver drawing machine.
A 300-gel/6-yard sliver was prepared and passed through a high-speed open-end machine, and the results shown in the table below were obtained. Here, the high-speed open-end spinning machine uses an automatic roller manufactured by Schurafaust, and the conditions are a combing roller rotation speed of 8000 RPM, a rotor diameter of 40 mm, and a rotor rotation speed of 80,000 RPM. was spun for 5 hours with one machine (192),
When a thread breakage occurred during this time, the thread was spliced immediately, and the total number of thread breakages per machine per hour was calculated as the number of thread breaks (pieces/machine, HR). on the other hand,
The generation of powdery scum was determined visually after 5 hours of spinning by selecting 20 arbitrary spindles to determine the amount of scum in the rotor. Furthermore, the number of yarn breaks caused by winding of the combing roller was converted to 1 machine x 1 hour, and the number was calculated as the number of CR windings (pieces/machine/hr). In addition, thread strength is determined by the average value of 20 arbitrary spindles,
The plasticization phenomenon on the fiber surface was determined by the following method.
The spun yarn is knitted into a cylindrical stockinette knit with a diameter of 10 cm, and samples of each level are knitted in 10 cm increments in the vertical direction. Next, the knitted fabric was treated with 1% owf of disperse dye (Eastman Polyester Blue GLF).
Perform staining at 100°C for 60 minutes. Thereafter, the surface of the stockinette knit is observed using an optical microscope at a magnification of 10 to 30 times, and the plasticized and darkly dyed parts are counted, and the number of darkly colored parts per 1 m of yarn length is determined.

[Table] The waxes in Table 1 are 125% paraffin wax, and the fatty acid polyamide (melting point: 52°C) is a reaction product of palmitic acid and diethylenetriamine. Here, alkyldimethylethylammonium ethosulfate was used as the antistatic agent, and mono-dipalmitate and mono-distearate of polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 1,000 to 2,000) were used as the nonionic activator to emulsify. Of these, for oils A to F, the sum of the blending ratio of waxes and fatty acid polyamide is 50% by weight.
(constant), and J and K are the cases where this ratio is set to 20% and 70%, respectively. Oil agent I contains 0% waxes and fatty acid polyamide. As a result, in the pre-spinning process, in Comparative Example 1, there was a strong tendency for curling in the card and the draw rod, making spinning difficult. Although a similar tendency was observed in Example G, the degree of the tendency was slight and did not cause much trouble. Comparative Examples F and I, which did not contain waxes, had a high degree of plasticity, and Comparative Examples A and I, which did not contain fatty acid polyamide, had large CR wrapping and were not suitable for practical use. 10-40% waxes, fatty acid polyamide
Examples B, C, D, E, G, H containing 10-40%,
Good results were obtained in terms of tone and yarn quality in pre-spinning and open end. Example 2 A comparison was made under the same conditions as in Example 1, except that composition C of Example 1 was used with different types of waxes and different melting points.

【table】

[Table] As shown above, good results were obtained for all fatty acid esters and waxes with high melting points. Example 3 Composition C of Example 1 was compared under the same conditions as Example 1 by changing the amount of oil attached, and good results were obtained over a fairly wide range.

[Table] Example 4 In Example 1, except that the cotton sliver was mixed with polyester in the second drawing machine at a blending ratio of polyester/cotton = 65/35.
When carried out under the same conditions as in Example 1, the same results as in Example 1 were obtained.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 a Fatty acid ester of monohydric or polyhydric alcohol, vegetable or animal or mineral oil wax,
10 to 40% by weight of one or more neutral oils selected from the group consisting of and polyethylene waxes and having a melting point of 30 to 150°C; b) a fatty acid whose alkyl group has 8 to 22 carbon atoms; A polyester fiber for open-end spinning, characterized in that an oil agent consisting of 10 to 40% by weight of fatty acid polyamide, which is a reaction product with a polyamine, and c. the balance being an emulsifier and/or an antistatic agent, is attached.