JPH0451132B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(a) Field of Industrial Application This invention relates to a method for cultivating strawberries, and more specifically, it is suitable for increasing the harvest rate of ripe strawberries by making it easier for strawberries to receive sunlight to reduce the number of days required for ripening. Concerning strawberry cultivation methods. (B) Conventional Technology In conventional strawberry cultivation methods, strawberry seedlings are generally planted in two to three rows in each ridge formed in a medium. However, with this cultivation method, as the strawberry seedlings grow larger and have more leaves, the strawberry fruit becomes the underside of the leaves and branches and blocks sunlight, so it takes several days for the strawberry seedlings to fully ripen and turn red. The drawback was that the yield rate of ripe strawberries was low. In addition, in the strawberry cultivation method using a mulched cultivation bed, in the case of a greenhouse, the generated dew collects as water droplets on the mulch film that covers the ridges, and when outdoors, rainwater collects on the mulch film and partially Due to excessive humidity, the growing strawberries may come into contact with the moisture on the mulch film and rot.
The problem was that the thick leaves obstructed ventilation, delayed ripening to red, and lowered the yield rate. As mentioned above, in order to prevent the strawberries from taking a long time to fully ripen and to prevent the harvest rate of ripe strawberries from decreasing, strings, ropes, wires, etc. are strung between the strawberry plants planted in the ridges in each row. The method used is to raise the leaves of the strawberry plants so that they do not get mixed up with each other, allowing more sunlight to reach the strawberry fruit, thereby increasing the ripeness level. (c) Problems to be solved by the invention However, this method has linear strings, ropes, wires, etc. strung between adjacent rows of plants;
As the strawberry seedlings grow larger and produce more leaves, the leaves of each row of plants will protrude between the plants, creating shade. The problem was that it was difficult to obtain the desired effect, even though the amount of work required to increase the ripening level was extremely complicated because it had to be exposed to sunlight. This invention was made in view of these circumstances, and even when one or two rows of strawberry seedlings are planted in each row, that is, on a cultivation bed, and the leaves grow, the strawberry seeds will not be exposed to sunlight. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating strawberries that is easy to cultivate, reduces the number of days required for ripening, and increases the harvest rate. (d) Means and effects for solving the problem This invention involves planting strawberry seedlings at predetermined intervals on a cultivation bed to form a strawberry cultivation row, and when the seedlings grow on at least one side of the cultivation row. A perforated plate member that can block the passage of light and air but allows the passage of light and air is placed at a sufficient distance from the ground to allow the passage of the vine as the seedlings grow, and the strawberries are grown in the usual manner. This is a method of cultivating strawberries that involves cultivating them. That is, this invention specifies and perforated plate members,
Strawberries are placed on the cultivation bed at intervals from the surface of the cultivation bed (or the ground) along the strawberry cultivation rows, so that the vines can be extended through the interval to the opposite side of the seedlings, thereby allowing the tips of the vines to This allows the fruit to receive light without being blocked by leaves, allowing it to ripen early. The perforated plate member for the strawberry cultivation row can be arranged on one or both sides of one cultivation row, and on the inside or outside of each row for two cultivation rows. When inside each row, it is desirable that light be irradiated from above. When arranged outside both rows, both rows are preferably formed relatively densely. In this invention, the perforated plate member is configured to be able to block the passage of leaves, vines, etc. when the seedlings grow, but allow the passage of light and air. Specifically, the perforated plate member is preferably constructed of, for example, a net having a specific mesh size, and is supported on the cultivation bed by suitable supports. The specific structure of the net and the support will be described later. The perforated plate member as described above is arranged approximately perpendicularly to the cultivation bed (preferably within a range of about 30° inclination from the vertical) and
It is supported with a specific spacing (preferably 100-300 mm, more preferably 100-200 mm) to the surface of the cultivation bed to allow stretching of the strawberry vine. Here, the strawberry cultivation bed is usually formed as ridges in the medium, but it may also be a cultivation container (box) or a cultivation wall surrounded by soil. Strawberry seedlings are planted in 1 to 3 rows on such a cultivation bed to form strawberry cultivation rows. In addition, the basic method of growing strawberries, that is,
The timing and method of planting seedlings, the selection and supply method of soil and fertilizer, the water supply method, drainage method, temperature and humidity adjustment, etc., are not particularly limited and can be carried out according to conventional methods. In the strawberry cultivation method using a mulch cultivation bed, if you want to prevent the strawberries from rotting due to excessive moisture on the mulch film, cover the surface of the ridges with a mulch film (or mulch film sheet).
It is recommended to cover the multi-film with a net-like sheet on top of the multi-film. This net-like sheet will be described later. In addition, if you want to apply pest control treatment to perforated plate members or pillars, you can make these members using synthetic resin, or coat these members with synthetic resin, and apply a treatment to the synthetic resin used. It is preferable to include a pest control agent, a microbial control agent such as a fungicide, a flavoring agent, and the like. (E) Embodiments The present invention will be described below based on embodiments shown in the figures. Note that the present invention is not limited to this. 1 and 2, strawberry seedlings 2 are placed at predetermined intervals (for example, 100
Strawberry cultivation rows are formed by planting in one row (or two rows) with a height of ~200 mm). On both sides of the strawberry seedlings 2 planted in the ridge 1, a plurality of supports 3 are erected in the ridge 1 at appropriate intervals (for example, 500 to 1000 mm). Each of these pillars 3
A perforated plate member 4 is attached at a set height, for example, 100 mm or more from the upper surface of the ridge 1. On the surface of the ridge 1, a net-like sheet 6 is superimposed on the upper side of the multi-film 5. As the above-mentioned support 3, if a steel pipe is coated with a synthetic resin such as polyethylene, and a steel pipe with bamboo-like knots formed on the surface or a steel pipe with bulge-like projections is used, the support 3 can be made of steel. The perforated plate member 4 to be attached can be tightly bound by a binding member 7, which will be described later, so that it will not shift or come off. However, pillar 3
In addition to steel pipe bamboo, regular sticks and natural bamboo can also be used. Of course, in the case of a steel pipe bamboo provided with squishy protrusions, the binding member 7 can be omitted by matching the size of the hole in the perforated plate member 4. Steel pipe bamboo is a patent application filed in 1986 by the applicant.
It can be made by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 12213-12213 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 140137-1983. As the perforated plate member 4 attached to the support column 3, a net-like sheet member having openings as shown in FIGS. 3a, b, and c is molded from synthetic resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene. As shown in FIG. 4, the opening shape of the perforated plate member 4 can be square, hexagonal, diamond-shaped, or the like. In this case, the appropriate size of the mesh is about 20 to 50 mm on each side to improve ventilation and light permeability and to prevent strawberry leaves from getting in. In the case of square stitches, the most preferable stitch size is 30 mm square (l ₁ ×l ₂ ). The strand diameter of the net-like sheet member is suitably 2 to 6 mm, and the thickness is approximately the same as the strand diameter. In the case of square grain, the alignment is stable in the vertical and horizontal directions, so it has the advantage that the shape does not change even if it is pulled than in the case of diamond grain. In addition to the mesh sheet member, the perforated plate member 4 includes:
As shown in FIG. 3d, a perforated molded body having holes of the same size as the net-like body formed in a film or sheet having a thickness of about 0.5 to 1.0 mm can also be used. As a method for making holes in the perforated molded body, in addition to punching in post-processing, the method disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 52-4675 can be used. Further, instead of the perforated plate member 4, a rod-shaped or bamboo-shaped member 8 may be used, which is attached to the support 3 and forms an opening that prevents strawberry leaves from entering (FIG. 5). As the binding member (twist ring) 7 for attaching the perforated plate members 4 and 8 to the support column 3, a structure as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 is used. In the configuration shown in Fig. 6, a ring-shaped elastic member having two circular holes is connected in a figure 8 shape within the same plane, and a ring-shaped elastic member having two circular holes is curved vertically at the farthest part of the hole. , a knob portion 7a is formed that opens a connecting path to the two circular holes when an external force is applied. On the other hand, the configuration shown in Fig. 5 has two circular holes rotated 90 degrees and three-dimensionally connected, and the knob portions 7b, 7b
It is also formed at a position rotated 90 degrees. The binding member 7 shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
Insert the strut 3 into one circular hole, open the other knob portions 7a and 7b, and combine with the perforated plate members 4 and 8,
Each knob portion 7a, 7b is twisted using its elasticity so that the two circular holes become smaller, and the two are connected together. As a modification of the binding member 7, as shown in FIG. 8, an insulating rectangular elastic member is curved to form two continuous large and small circular holes, and one end of the larger circular hole is curved in the opposite direction. A knob portion 7c may be provided. The net-like sheet 6 superposed on the multi-film 5 also has openings in the shapes shown in a, b, and c in FIG. 3, but the opening size is l ₁ ×
l ₂ is suitably about 2 to 6 mm, particularly preferably 4 mm. The appropriate thickness of the strand S is about 0.5 to 1.0 mm, but as shown in Figure 9, the net-like sheet 6a, which has a structure in which thin strands are arranged inside thick strands, holds strawberries in the air. This is suitable because it can be supported in a floating state. That is, according to this net-like sheet, the strawberries have good air permeability and are isolated from the multi-film surface, so that dust can be prevented from adhering to the multi-film surface, resulting in cleanliness. Therefore, blocking of light can be prevented, and the color of the entire strawberry fruit can be improved due to side radiation heat, etc., and the degree of ripeness can be promoted. In this case, the diameter of the thick strands is 3~
The thickness of the net sheet 6a is preferably about 8 mm, about 0.5 to 2 mm for thin strands, or about 1.5 times that of thick strands. The net-like sheets 6, 6a and the perforated plate member 4 are described, for example, in Japanese Patent Publication No. 34-4185 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-1989.
A synthetic resin net made by the manufacturing method disclosed in Publication No. 24556 and the like can be used, but a knitted net may be used regardless of these manufacturing methods. When using synthetic resin for the above-mentioned pillar 3, perforated plate members 4, 8, and binding member 7, cyclodextrin (α, β, γ) is used as an inclusion agent during molding.
Then, harmful animal control agents that are repelled by insects (e.g., pyrethroids, organic phosphates, etc. as repellents and insecticides) are included, and these clathrate compounds are blended into the synthetic resin to be used and the above-mentioned parts are molded. If processed, it can be effective as an insect repellent. Furthermore, microbial control agents such as antifungal agents, flavoring agents, and the like may be added and used as clathrate compounds. These inclusions are, for example,
This can be carried out by the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 6588. When the pillar 3, perforated plate members 4, 8, and binding member 7 are made of synthetic resin, these members can be colored in any color, but if these members are made silver, the insect repellent effect will be improved. It is known that the use of diffused light caused by reflected light has a ripening effect on strawberries. In this way, the strawberry leaves that have grown on the cultivation bed are prevented from protruding to the outside by the perforated plate members attached by the supports. On the other hand, the vines that bear strawberries grow outward from the gap formed between the bottom edge of the perforated plate member installed above the set height from the cultivation bed and the top surface of the cultivation bed. Because the strawberries protrude, the sunlight is no longer blocked by the thick strawberry leaves, which promotes full ripening of the fruit and improves the harvest rate. In addition, when using a mulch cultivation bed, the net sheet placed on top of the mulch film can prevent the strawberries from coming into close contact with the mulch film, so even if the top of the mulch film becomes overly humid, Prevents strawberry fruit from rotting. Next, an example of an experiment conducted to confirm the effect of this invention will be shown. The method of this invention and the conventional method were tested by greenhouse cultivation under the same conditions. Strawberry varieties...Toyonoka planting method...Two rows of perforated board members in one row...Mesh board members are erected on both sides of the strawberry seedlings (vertical), (a) Pitch 30mm square (strand diameter 2mm, Thickness 2mm) (b) Material Adjustment of polyethylene resin insect repellent clathrate compound β-cyclodextrin (Sanraku/RINGODEX
-B) Add 25 parts of the pyrethroid insecticide Permethrin (Sumitomo Chemical, Exmin) to 75 parts of a saturated aqueous solution, and mix and stir at 50 to 55°C for 1 hour. The resulting precipitate is filtered and dried under vacuum (below 55°C) to obtain a powdery clathrate compound of 105 mesyupas. After mixing 2 parts of these clathrate compounds and 98 parts of polyethylene resin (Mitsui Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Hi-Zex 5000) in a blender, the mixture was fed to an extruder for mesh plate parts and extruded at a cylinder temperature of 185°C and a die temperature of 210°C. A cylindrical mesh body was manufactured under the following conditions, and the cylindrical mesh body was cut to obtain a mesh plate member. In addition, 1% of a silver coloring agent was added when mixing with a blender. Support: steel pipe bamboo, diameter 16mm with protrusions on the coating surface,
A net-like sheet with a length of 100 mm is used.A sheet made of a combination of large and small strands as shown in Figure 9 is used.Large strand...A mesh size of 30 mm x 30 mm, thickness 4 mm.Small strand...A mesh size of 3 mm x 3 mm. Thickness 0.3mm Multi-film…Film thickness 0.2mm, black

[Table] From the table above, the strawberry cultivation method of the present invention has a significantly higher harvest rate of ripe strawberries in the same number of days than the conventional strawberry cultivation method (control method, method that does not use perforated plate members). This has improved, but this means that the strawberries will ripen sooner. Additionally, the yield rate of high-quality strawberries over the entire harvest period has also been significantly improved. Moreover, when the method of the present invention is adopted, compared to the conventional method, the labor required to pull out strawberries from between the leaves is reduced to approximately 1/2, resulting in a large labor-saving effect. It is possible to increase the number of large strawberries. Note that it is used for carrying out this invention. Square mesh sheet (mesh sheet). Steel pipe bamboo, and. An example of the required standards for binding members is as follows. Requests regarding the specifications of square-shaped sheets a.
Used for more than 2 years, b. Make the edges of the sheets even (aligned)] Width: 3mm Roll length: 50m Product width: 20cm, 25cm Color: Silver Standards for steel pipe bamboo (requests a. Used for more than 3 years) Type: NT-SB Diameter: 11φmm Length: 60cm Color: Silver Weight: 58g/piece Standards for bondage members (requests a. Used for 3 years or more) Diameter (type): 11φ×11φmm (flat type) (f) Effects of the invention This Since the invention is configured as described above, the perforated plate members installed above the strawberry cultivation rows prevent the strawberry leaves from protruding outward from these members, and the vines that bear the strawberries are cultivated. Since the space between the upper surface of the floor and the perforated board member is allowed to extend outward to separate the two, the strawberries are exposed to more sunlight, which speeds up their ripening and allows them to be shipped at a time when prices are high. In addition, since the degree of ripeness is high, the harvest rate of high-quality strawberries can be greatly improved. In addition, compared to traditional cultivation methods, there is less time and effort required to pull the strawberry fruits out of the shade into sunlight and to sort the harvested products, improving work efficiency and saving labor. can be achieved.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an embodiment of the method of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a side view of the same, Figs. 3 a to d are plan views of various configurations of the perforated plate member, and Figs. 4 a to f. A plan view showing various hole shapes of the perforated plate member, FIG. 5 is a front view showing the combination of the support and the hole forming member, FIG. 6 is a front view of one embodiment of the binding member, and FIG. 7a is the binding member. A front view of another embodiment, FIG. 7b is a plan view of the same, FIG. 7c
7A is a right side view of FIG. 7A, FIG. 8 is a front view of still another embodiment of the binding member, and FIGS. 9A and 9B are enlarged plan views of essential parts of the net sheet. 1...ridge, 2...strawberry seedling, 3...post, 4
...Perforated plate member, 5...Multi film, 6...
Net-like sheet.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Strawberry seedlings are planted at predetermined intervals on a cultivation bed to form a strawberry cultivation row, and at least one side of the cultivation row can be blocked from passing through when the seedlings have grown, but is protected from light and air. A method for cultivating strawberries, which comprises cultivating strawberries in a conventional manner by installing perforated plate members that allow the passage of the vines at a sufficient distance from the ground to allow the passage of the vines as the seedlings grow. . 2. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate member has a net shape and is supported substantially perpendicularly to the cultivation bed by supports. 3. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate members are provided on both sides of one cultivation row. 4. The strawberry cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the perforated plate members are provided on both outsides or insides of the two cultivation rows. 5. The method for cultivating strawberries according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation bed is covered with a mulch film and a net-like sheet thereon in areas where vines may exist when the seedlings grow.