JPH0451189B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] This invention relates to liquid fire extinguishing agents.

[Conventional technology]

It is well known that there is a reinforced liquid fire extinguishing agent that has potassium carbonate as its main component, but although 3 liters of this liquid can extinguish a minor general fire A-1, No further fire extinguishing ability can be expected. In addition, as water-based fire extinguishing agents, phosphoric acid, ammonia, urea, amines,
Some of these extinguishing agents contain sulfates or sulfamates, with the addition of antifreeze agents, surfactants, thickeners, etc., but these extinguishing agents have advantages and disadvantages in terms of low-temperature stability and extinguishing performance. Regarding this, although there are many things that are effective against either general fire A or oil fire B, there are very few things that are effective against both.

In addition, most of the extinguishing agents whose freezing point is below -20℃ in the ministerial ordinance establishing technical standards for extinguishing agents for fire extinguishers have antifreeze agents or freezing point depressants added to them. There are only a few things that are not present, such as potassium carbonate. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, etc. are usually used as antifreeze agents or freezing point depressants, and are expected to have a large cooling effect, but these are all classified as dangerous substances. Therefore, it is an undesirable substance from the standpoint of improving fire extinguishing performance.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Therefore, there are very few extinguishing agents that are effective against both general fires A and oil fires B, and the use of antifreeze or freezing point depressants to lower the freezing point to below -20°C may impair fire extinguishing performance. This is an attempt to solve the problem that it is disadvantageous for improvement.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes that phosphoric anhydride be added to 1 mole of potassium oxide K ₂ O.
_P2O5 is _0.05 ~5.0 mol, boron _{oxide B2O3} is 0.1~
We adopted a method of creating a ternary liquid containing potassium, phosphorus, and boron in a ratio of 1.0 mole, and a method of adding an alkanolamine to this ternary liquid. The details are described below.

First, the compounds constituting the ternary liquid of potassium, phosphorus, and boron of this invention include potassium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate,
Potassium salts excluding phosphoric acid and boric acid such as potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium acetate, phosphoric acid, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate, tripotassium phosphate, monosodium phosphate, disodium phosphate, phosphoric acid Phosphoric acid and its salts such as trisodium, phosphorous acid, potassium phosphite, sodium phosphite, phosphoric anhydride, boric anhydride, potassium octaborate, potassium hexaborate, potassium pentaborate, tetraborate Two or more boric acids and borates such as potassium, potassium metaborate, sodium metaborate, sodium tetraborate, sodium hexaborate, and sodium octaborate are selected and mixed in a predetermined molar ratio. 40 to 120 parts by weight of solid components, preferably 50 to 100 parts by weight, per 100 parts by weight of water.
Add parts by weight to make an aqueous solution.

Here, potassium oxide K ₂ O is added to 100 parts by weight of water.
An aqueous solution with a solid content of 70 parts by weight and a molar ratio of phosphoric anhydride and phosphoric anhydride of 3.20 has a freezing point of -20°C or lower, but its fire extinguishing performance does not reach the level expected by the present invention. Furthermore, an aqueous solution containing 50 parts by weight of a solid component with a molar ratio of potassium oxide K ₂ O and boron oxide B ₂ O ₃ of 1.1 to 100 parts by weight of water also has a freezing point of − Although the temperature is below 20℃, fire extinguishing performance cannot be expected. However, by mixing or neutralizing the missing components in each of these two-component systems,
When adjusted to a three-component liquid consisting of potassium, phosphorus, and boron in the molar ratio as in this invention, it not only has a freezing point of -20°C or lower, but also has a remarkable effect on fire extinguishing performance. become. Therefore, 1 of potassium oxide K ₂ O
0.05 to 0.50 mol of phosphoric anhydride P ₂ O ₅ per mole,
A ternary liquid containing 0.1 to 1.0 mol of boron oxide B ₂ O ₃ is desirable. It should be noted that if the amount of each component exceeds the upper limit of this limited range, the fire extinguishing performance will deteriorate and the freezing point may not reach -20°C, which is not preferable.

For 100 parts by volume of such a ternary solution of potassium, phosphorus and boron, alkanolamine,
For example, diisopropanolamine, N,N-
Dialkyl (1 to 3 carbon atoms)-N-ethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-methyl-2-dimethylaminomethyl, 1,3-propanediol, triisopropanolamine, N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, dimethylamino Adding 5 to 50 parts by volume, preferably 10 to 30 parts by volume of propanol or the like alone or as a mixture is extremely effective in lowering the freezing point and improving fire extinguishing performance.
Here, when the amount of alkanolamine is smaller than the above lower limit, no significant effect is obtained, and on the contrary, when the amount is larger than the upper limit, the viscosity becomes high, which is undesirable as it causes a decrease in fire extinguishing performance.

[Effect]

Although the action of the fire extinguishing agent of this invention is not clear, it is well known that phosphorus compounds and boron compounds are substances that exhibit flame retardant effects, and the fire extinguishing agent of this invention containing these compounds can be applied to the surface of combustible materials. It goes without saying that the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention uses these phosphorus compounds or boron compounds alone, or both, by adhering to them and forming a film or permeating them to block oxygen in the air or the heat source of a fire. Since the extinguishing effect is far superior to that when used in combination, it is presumed that a special synergistic effect appears due to the coexistence of the three components.

〔Example〕

Example 1 20 parts by weight of potassium phosphate, 20 parts by weight of potassium borate, and 10 parts by weight of potassium bicarbonate were added to 100 parts by weight of water, and the molar ratio K ₂ O: P ₂ O ₅ : B ₂ O ₃ = 1.0. :
A 0.25:0.32 aqueous solution was prepared. This aqueous solution was subjected to the freezing point test specified in the ministerial ordinance that stipulates the technical standards for fire extinguishing agents for fire extinguishers (10 ml of sample was collected in a test tube with an inner diameter of 18 mm, a thermometer was inserted, and the mixture was stirred in a test tube cryogen bath. After cooling, when crystals begin to precipitate, remove the test tube from the bath, continue stirring, and read the temperature when the precipitated crystal pieces disappear and the entire liquid becomes transparent). The freezing point was -26.5°C. The fire extinguishing test was carried out using the A (general fire) and B (oil fire) fire extinguishing unit methods, and by filling a pressure accumulating 3 liter fire extinguisher with 3 liters of aqueous solution. The results were A-2 for general fires and B-2 for oil fires.

Example 2 To 100 parts by weight of water, 40 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide,
20 parts by weight of sodium borate and 10 parts by weight of phosphoric acid were added, and the molar ratio K ₂ O:P ₂ O ₅ :B ₂ O ₃ =1.0:0.11:
The freezing point of the aqueous solution obtained was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was set to 0.57, and a fire extinguishing test was performed. The freezing point was -22°C, and the fire extinguishing test was A-2 and B-2.

Example 3 To 100 parts by weight of water, 10 parts by weight of sodium phosphate, 30 parts by weight of potassium borate, 10 parts by weight of potassium sulfate, and 40 parts by weight of potassium carbonate were added, and the molar ratio
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that K ₂ O:P ₂ O ₅ :B ₂ O ₃ =1.0:0.14:0.50. As a result, the freezing point is -24℃, and the fire extinguishing test is A-2 and B.
It was -2.

Example 4 30 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide, 30 parts by weight of potassium phosphate, and 20 parts by weight of boric acid were added to 100 parts by weight of water,
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the molar ratio K ₂ O:P ₂ O ₅ :B ₂ O ₃ =1.0:0.20:0.34. As a result, the freezing point was -28°C, and the fire extinguishing test was A-2 and B-2.

Example 5 To 100 parts by volume of the extinguishing agent of Example 1, 20 parts by volume of triethanolamine was added. The freezing point of this product was -29°C, and the fire extinguishing test showed A-3 and B-2, and compared to Example 1, a remarkable effect was observed in lowering the freezing point and improving fire extinguishing performance.

Comparative Example 1 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed on an aqueous solution in which 70 parts by weight of potassium phosphate was added to 100 parts by weight of water to give a molar ratio of K ₂ O:P ₂ O ₅ =1.0:3.20. . The resulting freezing point was -22°C, and the fire extinguishing test was A-1 and B-1, which was inferior to any of Examples 1 to 5.

Comparative Example 2 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed on an aqueous solution in which 70 parts by weight of potassium borate was added to 100 parts by weight of water to give a molar ratio of K ₂ O:B ₂ O ₃ =1.0:1.1. . The obtained freezing point was -21°C, and the fire extinguishing test was A-1 and B-1, which was lower than any of Examples 1-5.

Comparative Example 3 66.6 parts by weight of potassium carbonate was added to 100 parts by weight of water, and the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out. Although the obtained freezing point was -26°C, the fire extinguishing test was A-1 and B-2, and did not show favorable fire extinguishing performance.

〔effect〕

As is clear from the above, an aqueous solution of a ternary composition of potassium, phosphorus and boron blended in a specific molar ratio and an aqueous solution in which an alkanolamine is further added to this aqueous solution, as in the present invention, have a freezing point In addition, it is far superior to conventional fire extinguishing agents in terms of fire extinguishing performance.
Therefore, it can be said that the significance of this invention is extremely large.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. For 1 mol of potassium oxide K ₂ O, 0.05 to 0.50 mol of phosphoric anhydride P ₂ O ₅ and 0.05 to 0.50 mol of boron oxide B ₂ O ₃
A liquid fire extinguishing agent characterized by being a three-component system of potassium, phosphorus and boron blended in a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 mole. 2 For 1 mol of potassium oxide K ₂ O, 0.05 to 0.50 mol of phosphoric anhydride P ₂ O ₅ and 0.50 mol of boron oxide B ₂ O ₃
A liquid fire extinguishing agent characterized in that an alkanolamine is added to three components of potassium, phosphorus and boron in a ratio of 0.1 to 1.0 mole.