JPH0474361B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to seasoning oil in the food processing field,
The present invention relates to processed starches with excellent oil absorption properties suitable for use as powdered base materials for sauces, juices, etc., powdered base materials for oily medicinal ingredients in the pharmaceutical field, and carriers for cosmetics, fragrances, etc. (Prior art) Conventionally, when using liquid or semi-solid oils and fats in foods, medicines, cosmetics, etc., in order to eliminate inconveniences such as stickiness and poor fluidity, starches and grain flours were used as they were, or starch It is known that processed materials such as the above are used as a powdered base material. In addition, methods for processing starches include, for example, a method in which starch is hydrolyzed using acids, enzymes, etc. and then dried and powdered using a drum dryer (Special Publication No. 12399/1989); Humidity is controlled so that the moisture content is 15% or more and less than 20%,
This is carried out at a temperature of 180 to 250℃ and a pressure of 10Kg/cm2 ^or more and 30Kg/cm2 or more.
A method of rapidly extruding through a die hole under conditions of less than cm ² , followed by drying and pulverization (Special Publication No. 57-55385)
and so on. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, the method of using starch and flour as they are has insufficient oil absorption performance, and the method of hydrolyzing starch using acids, enzymes, etc. and drying it with a drum dryer Powdered products show improved oil absorption performance, but they themselves are highly hygroscopic and tend to adhere to the walls of the vessel. In addition, when oily substances are adsorbed, the oily substances tend to bleed.
Furthermore, during long-term storage, separation of oily substances occurs. Therefore, there is a need for improved modified starch powders that have low hygroscopicity and are less susceptible to oil separation or bleeding under oil-absorbing conditions as base materials for food and pharmaceutical additives. (Means and effects for solving the problems) The present invention solves these problems at once, and the fraction of 32 meshes or more is substantially zero, preferably the fraction of 200 meshes or less A powder consisting of particles having a particle size distribution of 35% or less, having a plurality of curved parts on the surface defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis, and having a specific surface area of
The processed starch is characterized by having an area of 1.0 m ² /g or more, preferably 1.2 m ² /g or more, and an apparent specific volume of 10 ml/g or more. The processed starch powder according to the present invention has high oil absorption performance not found in conventionally commercially available powdered base materials,
Moreover, it is an ideal powder base material that improves the hygroscopicity seen in hydrolyzed starch and has excellent dispersibility and solubility in cold water and hot water. Here, the fraction in the particle size distribution is obtained by sieving the processed starch powder using a JIS standard sieve, and is expressed in weight % with respect to the total amount. The particle shape is based on an electron micrograph using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), model JSM-T100, manufactured by JEOL. An electron micrograph of the processed starch powder according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 2, and an easy-to-understand illustration thereof is shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D. In Fig. 7, 1, 1', 2, 2' are particles, 3a, 3b, 5
a, 5b are fin-like projections, 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b
indicates a curved part. That is, the processed starch according to the present invention is a powder consisting of particles having a plurality of curved portions on the surface defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis. The specific surface area was determined from the amount of N ₂ gas molecules adsorbed by the BET single point method, using Flowsorb 2300 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
Further, the apparent specific volume is expressed as the volume per unit weight when a container with a constant volume is lightly filled with processed starch powder. The present invention will be explained in detail below. The starches used in the present invention include potato starch, corn starch, rice starch, wheat starch, etc., and these can be used alone or in an appropriate combination of two or more. Further, examples of cereal flour include wheat flour, rice flour, buckwheat flour, rye flour, etc., and these can be used alone or in an appropriate combination of two or more. Furthermore, these starches and grain flours may be used alone or in a suitable mixture. Next, the processing equipment for starch and flour used in the present invention includes heating, pressurizing, and
An extruder is suitable because the swelling process is easy and can be produced continuously and economically. That is, starch and grain flour are put into an extruder while being humidified, kneaded under heated and pressurized conditions, and extruded through a die hole to make the puffed product. It is important that the expanded foam has approximately circular cells with a diameter of 30 to 200 microns, consisting of partition walls of 15 microns.
The processed starch powder obtained by crushing this powder has a particle shape that retains the pore partition structure of the expanded foam, that is, a plurality of curved parts on the surface defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis. This results in a particle shape that has the following properties. The optimum extrusion conditions for this purpose are a moisture content of 14 to 22%, a temperature of 120°C or more and less than 180°C, and a pressure of 15 to 20 kg/cm ² . If the conditions are other than these, the resulting puffed product will not have enough bubbles at the outlet of the die hole of the extruder, or the puffed product will have too many bubbles. In the case of a puffed product with insufficient generation of bubbles, the bubbles are too small, resulting in a lumpy powder with air bubbles trapped inside the crushed particles.On the other hand, if the bubbles are too large, the crushed particles become plate-like or tile-like. Therefore, the pore partition structure of the foam cannot be preserved. For this reason, the specific surface area and apparent specific volume of the powder obtained by pulverizing the expanded material are significantly reduced. As a method for effectively performing heating and pressure treatment in an extruder to stably obtain the processed starch that is the object of the present invention, it is preferable to use a twin-screw extruder. , for flours
Particularly effective is the addition of 0.1-5.0% lubricant. The expanded material obtained by the extruder has a cross section of partition walls with a thickness of 1 to 15 microns and a diameter of 30 to 200 microns.
It has micron, almost circular air bubbles, and is very light with countless elongated air bubbles in the extrusion direction.
Moreover, it is a dense foam. The puffed product obtained by the extruder can be pulverized without the need for a special drying process, but in this case, the particle size of the pulverized product is such that the fraction of 32 mesh or more is almost zero, and preferably the fraction of 200 mesh or less. 35 minutes
% or less. Powder with a size of 32 mesh or more has air bubbles trapped in the expanded product, resulting in a decrease in oil absorption performance, and is unsuitable for use as a practical powder due to its large particle size. Also, 200
The fraction below 200 mesh has a large number of particles that cannot maintain the pore partition structure of the foam, and especially when the fraction below 200 mesh exceeds 35%, the oil absorption performance decreases.
It becomes impossible to fully exhibit the effects of the powder form of the present invention. As a crusher suitable for achieving the object of the present invention, a cutting type crusher having knife-shaped edges is suitable because it can crush the expanded material without damaging the pore partition structure as much as possible. The processed starch powder thus obtained is a powder consisting of particles having a plurality of curved portions defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis on the surface,
Due to its shape, it has an extremely high specific surface area, and moreover, it has a constant high specific surface area over the entire particle size regardless of the size of the particle. Therefore, the apparent specific volume is high and the oil absorption performance is significantly improved. (Effects of the Invention) The processed starch powder according to the present invention has a practical oil absorption ratio of 200% or more that can maintain fluidity and powder properties when oily substances are adsorbed, and is a powder that is conventionally available on the market. It has high oil absorption performance not found in chemical base materials. Therefore, it is possible to adsorb oily substances or materials containing large amounts of oily substances in foods, medicines, cosmetics, industrial supplies, etc., and to powder them very easily. In addition, the processed starch powder according to the present invention is obtained by physical means such as heating and pressurizing hydrated starch, so it is extremely safe in terms of food hygiene, and when used in the pharmaceutical field. However, there is no risk of impairing the stability of the medicinal ingredients. Moreover, because it is a powder with an increased specific surface area and has been pregelatinized, it not only has excellent retention of oily substances, but also has favorable properties in terms of texture and flavor. It also has excellent dispersibility and solubility in hot water. Furthermore, the processed starch powder itself has low hygroscopicity and is easy to handle.
Furthermore, after adsorbing oily substances, separation of the oily substances does not occur during long-term storage. (Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically explained with reference to Examples. Example 1 A mixture of 100 kg of cornstarch and 0.5 kg of stearic acid monoglyceride was added to a twin-screw extruder with a parel length of 500 mm and a screw diameter of 55 mm, and continuously heated while adjusting the moisture content to 17%. Extrude to. In this case, the temperature is 140℃ just before the die hole.
The expanded product was continuously extruded from the die hole under a pressure of 25 kg/ ^cm2 , cut with a cutter, cooled to room temperature, and then pulverized with a cutting-type pulverizer with knife-shaped edges and passed through a 32-mesh sieve. A processed starch powder with a fraction of 200 mesh or less of 35% or less was obtained. Further, the water content of this processed starch powder was 9.0%. Example 2 The same method as Example 1 was carried out, except that while controlling the moisture content to 17.5%, the material was continuously extruded from the die hole at a temperature of 170°C and a pressure of 28 Kg/cm ² just before the die hole. Processed starch powder was obtained. Comparative Example 1 Same method as Example 1, except that while adjusting the moisture content to 15%, extrusion was carried out continuously from the die hole at a temperature of 110°C and a pressure of 35 kg/cm ² just before the die hole. Processed starch powder was obtained. Comparative Example 2 Same method as Example 1 except that while adjusting the moisture content to 19%, extrusion was carried out continuously from the die hole at a temperature of 200°C and a pressure of 22 kg/cm ² just before the die hole. Processed starch powder was obtained. Table 1 shows the physical properties and performance of the processed starch powders obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.

【table】

[Table] Particle size distribution: As determined by a rotary tap type sieve (% by weight). Particle shape: Based on electron micrograph,
JEOL Ltd., scanning electron microscope (SEM), JSM
−T100 type was used. The sample was deposited with gold-palladium using an ion sputter (1.0 KV, 10 mA, 20
minutes). Accelerating voltage is 25KV. The shapes of the expanded product and the pulverized product by electron micrographs are as follows for Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
As shown in Figures 6 to 6, the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Example 1 is shown in Fig. 1, and the particle structure of the pulverized product is shown in Fig. 2. Similarly, the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 1 is shown in Figure 3, the particle structure of the pulverized product is shown in Figure 4, and the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 2 is shown in Figure 5. Figure 6 shows the particle structure of the pulverized product. Further, an easy-to-understand illustration of FIG. 2 is shown in FIGS. 7A to 7D. In Fig. 7, 1, 1', 2, 2' are particles, 3a, 3b, 5
a, 5b are fin-like projections, 4a, 4b, 6a, 6b
indicates a curved part. As a result, in Example 1 of the present invention, the expanded foam has substantially circular cells having thin partition walls, and the processed starch powder obtained by crushing this expanded foam has pores in the expanded foam. It can be seen that the particle shape retains the partition wall structure, that is, the particle shape has a plurality of curved portions defined by fin-like protrusions extending along the longitudinal axis on the surface. In comparison, in Comparative Example 1, the bubbles in the expanded product were too large, resulting in plate-like particles with smooth surfaces that did not leave the pore partition structure of the foam, and in Comparative Example 2, the bubbles in the expanded product were too small. It becomes a lumpy powder with trapped air bubbles, which significantly reduces its oil absorption performance. Oil absorption performance: Using a universal stirring mixer equipped with a whipper (manufactured by Sanei Seisakusho, 5DMr type), corn salad oil was added dropwise to a certain amount of the processed starches obtained in the examples and comparative examples, and the mixture was stirred at high speed for 10 minutes. The powder state after drying was observed, and the oil absorption capacity at the point at which oil began to bleed onto the surface of the powder and the smooth powder properties were lost was expressed as a weight ratio (%) to the processed starch powder. This represents a practical oil absorption performance capable of maintaining fluidity and powderiness, and as a control, when the commercially available powdered base material "Pineflow" was similarly evaluated, it was 170%. Oil holding power: A certain amount of corn salad oil was adsorbed onto processed starch in the same way using the universal stirring mixer used to measure oil absorption performance. 3 in a cylindrical container
The weight of the processed starch powder is the oil absorption capacity that can retain 95% of the adsorbed oil (i.e., 5% is absorbed by the oozing paper) when filled with 1 kg of oil and held for 30 seconds under a pressure of 1 kg by a press. Expressed as a ratio (%). This is to evaluate the adhesion of oil to the walls of mixing equipment, filling equipment, etc., which is a problem when oily substances are adsorbed to powdered base materials, and the leakage of oil into packaging containers and packaging bags. As a control, when the commercially available powdered base material "Pineflow" was similarly evaluated, it was 140%. Hygroscopicity: The processed starch powders obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples were left to stand at a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 75%, and their conditions were observed. In both Examples and Comparative Examples, there was no change in the powder state even after 7 days had passed, but as a control, when the commercially available powdered base material "Pineflow" was similarly evaluated, moisture absorption and solidification occurred on the first day. Ivy. Oil separation property: The processed starch powders obtained in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 2 were treated in the same manner using the universal stirring mixer used in the measurement of oil absorption performance.
Processed starch powder adsorbed with corn salad oil at a weight ratio of 100% was left at a temperature of 40°C and a relative humidity of 75%, and its condition was observed. In Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Example 2, no oil separation was observed even after 7 days had passed. However, as a control, when the commercially available powdered base material "Pineflow" was similarly evaluated, Separation of oil occurred. As described above, the processed starch according to the present invention is
It can be seen that it is an ideal powdered base material that has extremely high practical oil absorption performance and oil retention ability, low hygroscopicity, and no separation of oily components in the oil absorption state.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in Example 1, Fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the same pulverized product, and Fig. 3 is a comparative example. A scanning electron micrograph showing the cross-sectional particle structure of the expanded foam obtained in 1. FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the pulverized product, and FIG. 5 shows the expanded foam obtained in Comparative Example 2. Fig. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph showing the particle structure of the pulverized product, and Fig. 7 (a) to (b) are easy-to-understand illustrations of Fig. 2. 7A and 7B show the shapes actually seen, and FIGS. 7C and 7 show basic shape model diagrams of A and B.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 The fraction of 32 meshes or more is essentially zero,
Powder consisting of particles having a plurality of curved parts defined by fin-like projections extending along the longitudinal axis on the surface, with a specific surface area of 1.0 m ² /g or more and an apparent specific volume of 10 ml / g or more A processed starch characterized by: