JPH0476940B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0476940B2 JPH0476940B2 JP57221690A JP22169082A JPH0476940B2 JP H0476940 B2 JPH0476940 B2 JP H0476940B2 JP 57221690 A JP57221690 A JP 57221690A JP 22169082 A JP22169082 A JP 22169082A JP H0476940 B2 JPH0476940 B2 JP H0476940B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- lining
- interface
- lining material
- rolling
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Landscapes
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、トンネルの覆工方法に関し、特に地
山と巻立覆工材もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工
材の界面に特定の界面材を介在させる耐水性の優
れたトンネル覆工方法に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tunnel lining method, and particularly to a method for lining a tunnel, and in particular, a water-resistant tunnel lining method in which a specific interface material is interposed at the interface between the earth and the rolling lining material or between the supporting lining material and the rolling lining material. This article relates to a tunnel lining method with excellent performance.
トンネル覆工において、硬岩や中硬岩などのよ
うな強固の地山構造に、もしくは硬化状態にある
支保用覆工材面に直接巻立覆工を行つた場合、該
巻立覆工材であるコンクリートが硬化するに際
し、地山又は支保用覆工面に追従した形でコンク
リートの体積減少が起こり、コンクリート表面に
クラツクを発生する原因となつていた。係る覆工
時にクラツクを生じた場合には、トンネルが保持
しなければならない性質、つまり土圧等の荷重に
長期に亘つて耐え、変状、漏水による侵食や強度
の減少等のない耐久的なものでなければならない
という諸性質に悪影響を及ぼすことになる。これ
を防止する為、界面材を配置し、巻立覆工コンク
リートの硬化を独立に行なわせる必要が生じてく
る。 In tunnel lining, if the rolling lining is performed directly on a strong rock structure such as hard rock or medium hard rock, or on the hardened support lining material, the rolling lining material When concrete hardens, the volume of the concrete decreases as it follows the ground or supporting lining surface, causing cracks to occur on the concrete surface. If a crack occurs during the lining, the tunnel must maintain the properties that it must maintain, that is, it can withstand loads such as earth pressure over a long period of time, and is durable without deformation, erosion due to water leakage, or loss of strength. This will have a negative impact on the properties that it must be. In order to prevent this, it becomes necessary to arrange an interface material and allow the rolled lining concrete to harden independently.
従来、巻立コンクリートのクラツク発生防止に
は、地山もしくは支保用覆工材面に、合成高分
子、維持等を主成分とするシート状の界面材を打
ち留める、あるいは接着等の方法により予め付着
せしめることで、本来の目的を達成していた。し
かしながら、該方法では作業が非常に繁雑である
と共に相当な手間がかかる、材質面から火災の危
険性がある、コスト的にも高価、クラツク防止効
果が小さいなどという欠点があつた。 Conventionally, to prevent the occurrence of cracks in rolled concrete, a sheet-like interface material mainly composed of synthetic polymers, maintenance materials, etc. is fixed onto the ground or supporting lining material, or by adhesive methods. By attaching it, the original purpose was achieved. However, this method has drawbacks such as being extremely complicated and time-consuming, posing a fire risk due to the material, being expensive, and having little effect on preventing cracks.
本発明者等は既に特願昭56−157197号において
係る用途に適した特定の成分から成る無機質発泡
体層を形成せしめ以て上記の欠点を解決した。し
かしながら、特願昭56−157197号の無機質発泡体
の成分は水溶性珪酸アルカリ金属塩を主要結合造
形要素とする為に耐水性に若干の難を有し、その
施工費用も比較的高価であつた。然るに、本発明
者等は引続き係る研究を継続する段階において
偶々特願昭56−157197号の成分から水溶性珪酸ア
ルカリ金属塩を除き、特定の硬化促進剤を配合し
て実質的にセメントと金属系発泡剤と上記硬化促
進剤とから成る無機質発泡体生成用組成物を用い
て、地山もしくは支保用覆工材面に吹付又はコテ
塗りを通じて塗布することにより無機質発泡体層
（以下、単に発泡層という）を得、従来に比べ界
面材施工の作業性を著しく向上することが出来た
ものである。又、同時に作業性が一段と向上する
ことを通じて施工費用が安く仕上がり、かつ界面
材として初期の目的、即ち巻立覆覆コンクリート
の硬化を独立に行なわせるという機能を十分に達
することができたものである。 The inventors of the present invention have already solved the above-mentioned drawbacks by forming an inorganic foam layer made of specific components suitable for such uses in Japanese Patent Application No. 157,197/1982. However, the components of the inorganic foam disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 56-157197 have some difficulty in water resistance because the main binding element is a water-soluble alkali metal silicate, and the construction cost is relatively high. Ta. However, while continuing this research, the present inventors happened to remove the water-soluble alkali metal silicate from the ingredients in Japanese Patent Application No. 56-157197, and added a specific hardening accelerator to the ingredients, thereby effectively converting cement and metal. An inorganic foam layer (hereinafter simply referred to as "foamed foam") is formed by spraying or troweling an inorganic foam-forming composition comprising a foaming agent and the above-mentioned curing accelerator onto the surface of the ground or supporting lining material. This method significantly improves the workability of interfacial material construction compared to conventional methods. At the same time, workability has been further improved, resulting in lower construction costs, and it has been able to fully fulfill its initial purpose as an interfacial material, which is to allow the rolling and covering concrete to harden independently. be.
以下さらに詳述すると、界面材は地山と巻立覆
工材もしくは支保用覆工材の界面を遮断するもの
であるので、界面材自体にコンクリートと同様も
しくはそれ以上の強度や接着性を持つことは望ま
しくない、巻立覆工でのコンクリートの養生硬化
の際、タラツク発生を起こさない程度の強度が必
要になつてくる。本発明界面材は、無機質の常温
で発泡する発泡体生成用組成物を使用しているも
のであり、発泡倍率を適宜変えることにより自由
に強度を調節することができる。又、発泡層はセ
メント系である為、地山との密着性もすこぶる良
好で、粘度を適宜調節することにより塗布上のロ
スをほとんどなくすることが出来る。このような
界面材として効果的な機能を持つ発泡層は、
(a) ポルトランドセメント、
(b) 金属系発泡剤、及び
(c) アルカリ金属の硫酸塩、二価金属のオルトリ
ン酸塩、炭酸水素塩及びアルカリ土類金属の塩
化物、硝酸塩、水酸化物又は塩基性炭酸塩から
選ばれる少なくとも一種の硬化促進剤、
並びに水から成る発泡体生成用組成物を、地山
と巻立覆工材もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工材
の界面に介在させることにより、常温下で得られ
るもので、軽量な発泡層を形成する。本発明に使
用できる(a)成分は、ポルトランドセメント、次に
(b)成分の金属系発泡剤は金属単体及び金属間化合
物の粉末が比較的任意に使用出来る。本発明は、
上記の構成成分からでも得られものであるが、発
泡層の諸性能を高め、且つより容易に得る為に、
更に(c)成分とする硬化促進剤を配合するもので、
係る成分としては、硫酸カリウム、硫酸ソーダ等
のアルカリ金属硫酸塩、オルトリン酸カルシウ
ム、オルトリン酸亜鉛、オルトリン酸マグネシウ
ム等の二価金属のオルトリン酸塩、炭酸水素カリ
ウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、炭酸水素カルシウム
等の炭酸水素塩、塩化マグネシウム、塩化カルシ
ウム等のアルカリ土類金属塩化物、硝酸マグネシ
ウム、硝酸カルシウム等のアルカリ土類金属硝酸
塩、水酸化ストロンチウム、水酸化マグネシウム
等のアルカリ土類金属水酸化物、塩基性炭酸マグ
ネシウム、塩基性炭酸ベリリウム等のアルカリ土
類金属の塩基性炭酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも一
種の化合物を例示することができる。この他、常
温下での発泡効果反応及び強度を妨げないかぎ
り、各々上記必須成分に、機能性向上、充填、増
量、補強等を目的として、石膏、珪石粉、フライ
アツシユ、電熱や金法による副生シリカダスト、
ガラス繊維、シリカ繊維、合成樹脂、合成ゴム、
水溶性高分子等を適宜配合することができる。本
発明の界面材を得る為には、以上詳述した必須３
成分に水を配合・混合して一旦ペースト状に調整
する。このペーストを調整するにあたり、その配
合割合は通常(a)成分100重量部に対して(b)成分は
0.1〜10重量部程度、(c)成分は２〜30重量部程度
とする。該配合比率や温度によつても異なるがこ
のペースト、即ち発泡体生成用組成物は通常0.2
〜120分以内に発泡を開始し、0.5〜５mm程度の範
囲の気泡を形成して硬化発泡層を形成する。 To explain in more detail below, since the interface material blocks the interface between the earth and the erected lining material or support lining material, the interface material itself has strength and adhesiveness equal to or greater than that of concrete. This is undesirable, and during curing and hardening of the concrete in the rolling lining, it is necessary to have enough strength to prevent tack from occurring. The interfacial material of the present invention uses an inorganic foam-forming composition that foams at room temperature, and its strength can be freely adjusted by appropriately changing the foaming ratio. Furthermore, since the foam layer is cement-based, it has very good adhesion to the ground, and by appropriately adjusting the viscosity, it is possible to almost eliminate coating loss. Foam layers that function effectively as such interface materials include (a) Portland cement, (b) metallic foaming agents, and (c) alkali metal sulfates, divalent metal orthophosphates, and hydrogen carbonate. At least one hardening accelerator selected from salts and alkaline earth metal chlorides, nitrates, hydroxides, or basic carbonates, and a foam-forming composition consisting of water are applied to the ground and the rolling lining material. Alternatively, by interposing it at the interface between the supporting lining material and the rolling lining material, it forms a lightweight foam layer that can be obtained at room temperature. Component (a) that can be used in the present invention is Portland cement, then
As component (b), a metal foaming agent, an elemental metal or an intermetallic compound powder can be used relatively arbitrarily. The present invention
Although it can be obtained from the above components, in order to improve the various performances of the foam layer and to obtain it more easily,
Furthermore, it contains a curing accelerator as component (c),
Such components include alkali metal sulfates such as potassium sulfate and sodium sulfate, divalent metal orthophosphates such as calcium orthophosphate, zinc orthophosphate, and magnesium orthophosphate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium hydrogen carbonate, etc. Alkaline earth metal chlorides such as hydrogen carbonate, magnesium chloride and calcium chloride, alkaline earth metal nitrates such as magnesium nitrate and calcium nitrate, alkaline earth metal hydroxides such as strontium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, basicity Examples include at least one compound selected from basic carbonates of alkaline earth metals such as magnesium carbonate and basic beryllium carbonate. In addition, gypsum, silica powder, fly ash, electric heat, and metal additives may be added to each of the above essential ingredients for the purpose of improving functionality, filling, increasing volume, reinforcing, etc., as long as they do not interfere with the foaming reaction and strength at room temperature. raw silica dust,
Glass fiber, silica fiber, synthetic resin, synthetic rubber,
Water-soluble polymers and the like can be blended as appropriate. In order to obtain the interfacial material of the present invention, the above-mentioned essential 3
Mix the ingredients with water and make a paste. When preparing this paste, the mixing ratio is usually 100 parts by weight of component (a) and component (b).
About 0.1 to 10 parts by weight, and about 2 to 30 parts by weight of component (c). Although it varies depending on the blending ratio and temperature, this paste, that is, the composition for foam production, usually has a concentration of 0.2
Foaming starts within ~120 minutes, forming bubbles in the range of about 0.5 to 5 mm to form a cured foam layer.
本発明は、上述本発明発泡材を強固な地山に直
接もしくは地山を支保用覆工した面に塗付するの
であるが、この塗付方法には、コテ塗り、刷毛塗
り、吹付塗りの何れも使用することができ、作業
性の面からとりわけ能率の良い吹付工法を用いる
のが好ましい。係る工法により、本発明発泡層を
用いると、従来のシート状のものに比べ作業性は
著しく迅速に行われ、その速さは４〜10倍にもな
り、火災の危険性もなく、コスト的にも以前に比
べかなり安価に仕上げることができ、地山との付
着性も良好で、又は付着強度も下地に寄り多少異
なるおよそ１〜10Kgｆ／cm2程度となり巻立覆工コ
ンクリートの養生硬化の際に影響を及ぼさない程
度のものである。従つて、トンネル覆工用界面材
としての働きを十分達成するものである。 In the present invention, the above-mentioned foamed material of the present invention is applied directly to a strong ground or to a surface covered with a support lining of the ground, and this application method includes troweling, brushing, and spraying. Any method can be used, but from the viewpoint of workability, it is preferable to use the spraying method, which is particularly efficient. When the foamed layer of the present invention is used using this construction method, the workability is significantly faster than that of conventional sheet-like materials, the speed is 4 to 10 times higher, there is no risk of fire, and the cost is reduced. It can be finished at a much lower cost than before, and it has good adhesion to the ground, and the adhesion strength varies slightly depending on the substrate, about 1 to 10 Kgf/cm 2, making it possible to cure and harden the rolling concrete. It is of such a degree that it does not have any impact on the actual situation. Therefore, it can sufficiently function as an interface material for tunnel lining.
以下、実施例を示す。 Examples are shown below.
実施例 １
本発明の無機質発泡体生成用組成物は次の
(a)〜(c)の各成分を混合、
(a) 普通ポルトランドセメント 100重量部
(b) 金属アルミニウム粉 ５重量部
(c) 塩化カルシウム ５重量部
これに水を加えてペースト状にし、素早く圧送
ガンを使用して吹付コンクリートからなる支保用
覆工面に吹付塗装を行つた。この時の発泡層の被
覆厚は５mmで発泡倍率３倍であつた。硬化後の付
着強さ（JIS Ａ 6909の規定による試験方法）は
1.8Kgｆ／cm2で試験時の破断状況は内部破断であ
つた。該発泡層である界面材と覆工枠との間に巻
立覆工用のコンクリートを打ち込み、養生硬化さ
せた。１ケ月後の覆工表面には何らクラツクを生
じていなかつた。Example 1 The composition for producing an inorganic foam of the present invention was prepared by mixing the following components (a) to (c): (a) 100 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement (b) 5 parts by weight of metal aluminum powder (c) Calcium chloride 5 parts by weight Water was added to this to form a paste, which was quickly spray-painted onto the support lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun. The covering thickness of the foam layer at this time was 5 mm, and the foaming ratio was 3 times. The adhesive strength after curing (test method according to JIS A 6909) is
The fracture condition during the test was internal fracture at 1.8Kgf/cm 2 . Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed interface material and the lining frame, and was allowed to cure and harden. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
実施例 ２
本発明の無機質発泡体生成用組成物は次の
(a)〜(c)の各成分を混合、
(a) 普通ポルトランドセメント 100重量部
(b) 金属アルミニウム粉 ５重量部
(c) 硝酸マグネシウム ８重量部
これに水を加えてペースト状にし、素早く圧送
ガンを使用して吹付コンクリートからなる支保用
覆工面に吹付塗装した。この時の発泡層の被覆厚
は５mmで発泡倍率2.4倍であつた。硬化後の付着
強さ（JIS Ａ 6909の規定による試験方法）は
3.9Kgｆ／cm2で試験時の破断状況は内部破断であ
つた。該発泡層である界面材と覆工枠との間に巻
立覆工用のコンクリートを打ち込み、養生硬化さ
せた。１ケ月後の覆工表面には何らクラツクを生
じていなかつた。Example 2 The composition for producing an inorganic foam of the present invention was prepared by mixing the following components (a) to (c): (a) 100 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement (b) 5 parts by weight of metal aluminum powder (c) Magnesium nitrate 8 parts by weight Water was added to this to form a paste, which was quickly spray-painted onto the support lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun. The covering thickness of the foam layer at this time was 5 mm, and the foaming ratio was 2.4 times. The adhesive strength after curing (test method according to JIS A 6909) is
At 3.9Kgf/cm 2 , the fracture condition during the test was internal fracture. Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed interface material and the lining frame, and was allowed to cure and harden. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
実施例 ３
本発明の無機質発泡体生成用組成物は次の
(a)〜(c)の各成分を混合、
(a) 普通ポルトランドセメント 100重量部
(b) 金属アルミニウム粉 ５重量部
(c) 炭酸マグネシウム ５重量部
これに水を加えてペースト状にし、素早く圧送
ガンを使用して吹付コンクリートからなる支保用
覆工面に吹付塗装を行つた。この時の発泡層の被
覆厚は５mmで発泡倍率2.4倍であつた。硬化後の
付着強さ（JIS Ａ 6909の規定による試験方法）
は4.3Kgｆ／cm2で試験時の破断状況は内部破断で
あつた。該発泡硬化後の界面材と覆工枠とのあい
だに巻立覆工用のコンクリートを打ち込み、養生
硬化させた。１ケ月後の覆工表面には何らクラツ
クを生じていなかつた。Example 3 The composition for producing an inorganic foam of the present invention was prepared by mixing the following components (a) to (c): (a) 100 parts by weight of ordinary Portland cement (b) 5 parts by weight of metal aluminum powder (c) Magnesium carbonate 5 parts by weight Water was added to this to form a paste, which was quickly spray-painted onto the support lining made of shotcrete using a pressure gun. The covering thickness of the foam layer at this time was 5 mm, and the foaming ratio was 2.4 times. Adhesive strength after curing (test method according to JIS A 6909)
was 4.3Kgf/cm 2 and the fracture condition during the test was internal fracture. Concrete for the rolling lining was poured between the foamed and hardened interface material and the lining frame, and was allowed to cure and harden. After one month, no cracks were observed on the lining surface.
Claims (1)
発泡性組成物から得られる発泡層を、地山と巻立
覆工材もしくは支保用覆工材と巻立覆工材の界面
に、界面材として任意の被覆方法により介在させ
ることを特長とするトンネル覆工方法： (a) ポルトランドセメント、 (b) 金属系発泡剤、 (c) アルカリ金属の硫酸塩、二価金属のオルトリ
ン酸塩、炭酸水素塩及びアルカリ土類金属の塩
化物、硝酸塩、水酸化物又は塩基性炭酸塩から
選ばれる少なくとも一種の硬化促進剤。[Scope of Claims] 1. A foamed layer obtained from an inorganic room-temperature foamable composition comprising the following components (a) to (C) and water is rolled up with the ground and a rolling lining material or a supporting lining material. A tunnel lining method characterized by intervening an arbitrary coating method as an interface material at the interface of the lining material: (a) Portland cement, (b) metallic foaming agent, (c) alkali metal sulfate, At least one curing accelerator selected from divalent metal orthophosphates, hydrogen carbonates, and alkaline earth metal chlorides, nitrates, hydroxides, or basic carbonates.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57221690A JPS59111965A (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1982-12-15 | Tonnel lining process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57221690A JPS59111965A (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1982-12-15 | Tonnel lining process |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59111965A JPS59111965A (en) | 1984-06-28 |
| JPH0476940B2 true JPH0476940B2 (en) | 1992-12-07 |
Family
ID=16770750
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP57221690A Granted JPS59111965A (en) | 1982-12-15 | 1982-12-15 | Tonnel lining process |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS59111965A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6158872A (en) * | 1984-08-27 | 1986-03-26 | 菊水化学工業株式会社 | Composition for foaming mortar |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5442373A (en) * | 1977-09-12 | 1979-04-04 | Tokuyama Soda Co Ltd | Clamping type gasket for electrolytic cell |
-
1982
- 1982-12-15 JP JP57221690A patent/JPS59111965A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS59111965A (en) | 1984-06-28 |
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