JPH049052B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a device for indirectly measuring and evaluating the effects on the human body of bending forward or handling heavy objects. (Prior art) There are no quantitative measurement results submitted from work sites for diseases such as back pain that occur during work such as bending over and carrying and handling heavy objects. It was evaluated as. These results alone make it difficult to understand the interaction between disease and work, and there is a lack of data necessary to improve on-site work. Data on such issues include analysis of muscle load during posture maintenance and measurement of intravertebral disc pressure, but these are not measurements of workers at work sites, but are based on medical research institutions. These are purely medical measurement results, and are not intended to statistically understand work content. Such materials should be used as basic materials for creating evaluation methods appropriate to the workplace based on these basic measurements and investigating the actual situation. Given this current situation, it is possible to quantitatively measure and evaluate the effects of unnatural working postures, working conditions related to the transportation and handling of heavy objects, and the load on the human body.
There was a desire for a device that could be used at work sites. (Purpose of the Invention) The present invention was made in response to the above-mentioned needs, and it is a method to quantify the relationship between the worker's posture and the heavy object using a weight number when working in an unnatural posture or transporting and handling heavy objects. The present invention provides a device that makes it possible to quantitatively evaluate on-site work by taking into consideration the weight, quantity, and handling time of the heavy objects to be handled. (Structure of the Invention) The present invention is a lumbar strain evaluation device for carrying and handling heavy objects, and includes a means for inputting the magnitude of muscle strain due to a working posture as a weight number, and a means for inputting the magnitude of muscle strain due to a working posture, means for inputting the twist weight number depending on whether it is necessary; means for inputting the duration of each working posture; means for calculating a correction coefficient by adding the weight number and twist weight number; A means of calculating the cumulative total with coefficients to obtain a posture point, a means of inputting the weight of a single item handled by the worker, and a means of inputting the height at which the handled item is handled as a predetermined address according to the height. and the means to
A means for inputting the time to handle the handled item as a holding time, a means for inputting the number of repetitions of the same work for the handled item, and a difference between the address at the start of the work operation and the address at the end of the work operation. means for calculating a transfer coefficient; means for calculating a total time for holding the handled item by integrating the holding time and the number of repetitions; and calculating a time coefficient based on this total time; means for obtaining a total evaluation point by integrating the number of repetitions and a movement coefficient; means for obtaining a weight point by integrating the total evaluation point and the time coefficient; and a means for obtaining a weight point by integrating the posture point and the weight point. It is characterized by having the means to seek. (Operation of the Invention) Since the present invention is configured as described above, it is possible to directly observe the condition of the worker during work, such as work in which the worker takes an unnatural working posture or transports or handles heavy objects at the work site. Then, add up the numbers that take into account the working posture and the duration of the working posture, and then add up the numbers that take into account the transportation and handling method of the heavy object to be transported or handled, the weight of the heavy object, the quantity handled, and the handling time. It is now possible to obtain data that can comprehensively and quantitatively evaluate the effects on the human body due to the interaction between the worker's posture and the state of heavy objects, and it is now possible to create appropriate working conditions based on this data. become able to. (Example) Hereinafter, one example of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. The basic idea of the present invention is to determine the posture point obtained from the worker's working posture and the duration of the working posture, the weight of the single item carried by the worker, the distance that the worker carries, lifts, or unloads the workpiece. , the weight point is determined from the time the item is held, and the posture weight point is determined from this weight point and the posture point. Then, based on the experimental data conducted on each worker, the above three scores are calculated as evaluation points, and the evaluation points are compared with the standard values obtained from the experiment to evaluate the quality of the working environment. It is something. The device according to the present invention accurately measures and understands the working condition of the worker, and calculates and displays posture points, weight points, and posture weight points as evaluation data. First, as the simplest method for inspecting on-site work and evaluating its contents, we will discuss the method of creating a survey sheet suitable for the present invention, using a survey sheet as shown in FIG. 1. At the top of the diagram are survey location 1, survey date 2, surveyor 3, work details 4, number of vehicles produced per shift 5 (for later explanation, this value will be represented by the symbol N), and vehicle type 6. Provided in a column to enter an overview of the subject of investigation, etc. Below the summary column is a calculation table (hereinafter referred to as the posture score table) 7 regarding the worker's working posture, and to the right of the posture score table 7 is a calculation table 8 regarding the handling of heavy objects (hereinafter referred to as the weight score table). establish. In column 7 of the posture score table, postures are classified into 10 types based on literature that measures the maximum muscle strength ratio of six types of muscles in the lower back, lower limbs, etc., in descending order of the burden on each posture, and a schematic diagram of the postures is shown. A posture column 9 is provided, in which postures are arranged from top to bottom in order from heavy to light, and on the right side there is a raw score column 10 in which weight numbers are written. In the raw score column 10, integers from 10 to 1 are arranged in order from top to bottom corresponding to the 10 types of postures. On the right side of the raw score column 10, there is provided a score column 11 for adding weight to twisting, in which 1 is written when the working posture requires twisting, and 0 is written when the work can be done without twisting the body. On the right side of the additional points column 11, the numerical value of the raw score column 10 and the additional points column 11 are displayed.
A correction score column 12 is provided in which the sum a of the numerical values is entered. On the right side of the correction score column 12, the researcher uses a stopwatch to measure the duration of the same posture in seconds when the worker is working on one machine, and shows how long the worker remains in the same posture. A time column 13 for each vehicle is provided in which the numerical value b of the posture duration time is entered. Time column 1 for this one unit
On the right side of 3, one day's worth of posture duration c=(b×
Daily time column 1 where you enter N)/3600 in hours.
4 will be provided. On the right side of the daily time column 14, the evaluation points axc for one day's work are shown for each work posture.
An evaluation point column 15 is provided in which the value of is entered. A total column 16 is provided below the lowest point of the evaluation score column 15 in which the total α=Σ(a×c) as the total evaluation score regarding posture is entered. In the following, this total α will be referred to as an attitude point. A notes column 17 is provided on the right side of the evaluation score column 15 in which the investigator can enter what he or she noticed during the investigation of each posture. In the column of the weight point table 8, a work name column 18 in which the name of the work for the handled part is entered is provided on the right side of the above-mentioned notes column 17, and the part symbol attached to the handled part is written on the right side of the work name column 18. Part symbol column 1 to be filled in
9 will be provided. On the right side of the part symbol field 19, a single item weight field 20 is provided in which the individual weight D of the handled parts is entered in kg. On the right side of the unit weight column 20 is the handling address column 2.
Create a column called 1. In this column, the height at which the parts are handled is classified according to the handling address table 22 provided separately below the weight point table 8, and a numerical value corresponding to the classification is entered. The numbers to be entered in the handling address column 21 are the beginning and end of the work operation, and the number corresponding to the height of the handled part at the start of the operation is entered in the column 21a in front of the arrow in the column, and the value at the end of the operation is Enter the numerical value corresponding to the height of the handled part in the column 21b after the arrow. On the right side of the handling address field 21, there is provided a holding time field 23 in which a value E, which is measured in seconds by a stopwatch, of the time elapsed when handling the handled part once is entered. On the right side of the holding time 23, there is provided a number of times/for one machine column 24 in which to enter the number of repetitions F for one machine, which is the number of times the same operation is to be repeated for one machine's worth of handled parts. Number of times/per unit column 24
On the right side, there is provided a daily time column 25 in which the total amount of time the handled parts were held for one day, G=(E×F×N)/3600, is entered in hours. On the right side of the daily time column 25, the transfer coefficient is calculated from the transfer coefficient table 26 provided separately below the weight point table 8 based on the difference between the numbers entered before and after the arrow in the handling address column 21 (difference in address). A transfer coefficient column 27 is provided in which x is selected and the selected value is entered. On the right side of the movement coefficient column 27,
Evaluation point D x F x N x x ÷ for evaluating the degree to which heavy parts can be handled in one day's work.
An evaluation point column 28 is provided in which a value of 1000 is entered. Below the lowest score column 28, the total score Σ(D×F×N×x
÷1000) is provided in the total column 29. Also,
Below the bottom of the daily time column 25 on the left side of the total column 29, there is provided a daily time total column 30 in which the sum H=Σ ^G of the numerical values G entered in the daily time column 25 is entered. . On the left side of the total column 30, there is provided a time coefficient column 32 in which the value of time coefficient y is selected from the time coefficient table 31 and entered based on the value H entered in the total column 30. Below the total column 29 in which the total as the total evaluation score is written, there is provided a weight point column 33 in which the value of weight point β=I×y is written. Attitude point α is on the left side of weight point column 33.
A column 34 is provided in which the sum γ=α+2β of the value obtained by doubling the weight point β and the weight point β is entered as the posture weight point. In addition to these tables, below the posture point table 7 there is a layout column 35 in which the layout of the machines, etc. at the survey location and the movements of the handled parts are entered, and the work for each handled part is clarified by the symbol attached to each part. Under the handling address field 22, movement coefficient field 26, and time coefficient field 31, the daily time C for posture maintenance that could not be entered in the posture point table 7 and the weight point table 8, and the daily time G for parts handling. Column 3 to display the definition formula of
6, which includes all the items necessary for the survey, and is created so that this single survey sheet is complete with all the necessary items. In order to investigate the actual situation of on-site work using the survey form created as above, first specify the specific work location in the survey location column 1, and enter the actual date of the survey in the survey date column 2. Fill it out and give the investigator's signature in investigator column 3. Next, enter the details of the work to be investigated in the work content column 4, and enter the day and night 2 in the production quantity column 5.
If the factory operates on a shift system, enter the number of machines processed per shift by the same worker working either the day shift or the night shift. Since this embodiment assumes the case of an automobile production line, the name of the vehicle type is entered in the vehicle type column 6 as the name of the final assembly of handled parts. The concept of the work to be investigated is entered in the layout column 35 with a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of machines related to the work and the movements of parts indicated by part numbers. After filling in the survey items as described above, the surveyor with a stopwatch and a survey form fills in each column of the posture point table 7 and weight point table 8 while observing the movements of the worker actually working. First, regarding posture point table 7, distinguish the posture you are working on in posture column 9, and add points in the column 1 depending on whether the work involves twisting for each posture.
Enter 1 or 0 for each posture term in 1, and fill in the raw score column 1.
Add 0, the numerical value, and the numerical value in the additional points column 11, and enter the value in the corrected points column 12. The time required to perform the work for one machine for each applicable posture is measured in seconds using a stopwatch, and the elapsed time is entered in the time column 14 for one machine in seconds. The total time for each posture for one day is calculated according to the calculation formula for the time C of the posture point in the definition expression display column 36, and the calculated value is entered in the daily time column 14. Once the total time per day for each posture is calculated, this value is multiplied by the correction score a and the result is entered in the evaluation score column 15. Furthermore, add all the values in the evaluation point column 15 to get the total, enter it in the total column 16, and give the posture point α.
Define the value of Next, regarding the weight point table 8, the part handling work name is entered in the work name field 18, and the symbol given to the handled part is entered in the symbol field 19. Individual weight of parts handled in kg
Measure in units and enter it in the single item weight column 20. The heights at the beginning and end of the operation of handling the parts are replaced with numerical values from the handling address table 22 and entered in the entry fields 21a and 21b, respectively. The time during which the parts are actually handled for each operation is measured in seconds with a stop watch, and the measured value is entered in the holding time column 23 in seconds. The number of times each task is repeated to process one machine's worth of work.
Fill in column 24 for one car. According to the calculation formula for the time G at the weight point in the definition formula display field 36, the total time for each part handling work for one day is calculated, and the total time for each part handling work is calculated in the daily time field 2
Enter the calculated value in 5. Calculate the difference between the numbers at the beginning and end of the work operation written in the handling address column 21,
A transfer coefficient is determined from the calculated value using the transfer coefficient table 26, and the value is entered in the transfer coefficient column 27. The evaluation score (D×E×N×X÷1000) for each handling task is calculated and the calculated value is entered in the evaluation score column 28. The total evaluation score (Σ(D×F×N×X÷1000)) is calculated and entered in the total column 29. Further, each value in the daily time column is totaled and entered in the daily time total column 30. A time coefficient is obtained from the value in the total column 30 using a time coefficient table 31, and is entered in the time coefficient column 32. The value in the total column 29 is multiplied by the value in the time coefficient column 32, and the result is entered in the weight point column 33 as a weight point. The formula (α
+2β) The result calculated according to the posture weight point column 3
Fill in 4. In this method, which quantitatively evaluates unnatural working postures and the burden of handling heavy objects, statistical results indicate that the associated posture points alone indicate the range in which the incidence of diseases, especially lower back pain, is high. Taking into consideration the extent to which the incidence of disease or the sense of burden on workers increases at the weight point alone, preventive measures against diseases can be taken in advance. In addition, for actual work, there are many cases where it is not appropriate to evaluate posture and weight independently, and posture and weight points that evaluate both at the same time can be used, for example, as shown in Figure 2. , measures such as setting α ₀ and β ₀ as evaluation standards, establishing a guideline γ ₀ = α ₀ + 2β ₀ , and making work that exceeds that level be treated as requiring attention and work improvements will be taken. . In carrying out the above method, an apparatus for carrying out the investigation more efficiently is constructed as described below. As shown in FIG. 3, the first embodiment of the device is of a type in which a push button type input device and an output display device using a light emitting diode or liquid crystal are arranged on the front panel 40 of the main body. Front panel 4
A liquid crystal output display device 41 is provided at the top of the output display device 41, and on the right side of the bottom of the output display device 41, you can select whether to measure or calculate attitude points, measure or calculate weight points, or calculate attitude weight points. Lighted mode selection switches 42, 43, and 44 are arranged to display the
Illuminated switch 4 for displaying results for executing various calculations and displaying the results at slight intervals
5 will be provided. These mode selection lighting switches 42, 43, 44 and result display lighting switch 4
5 is provided with an illuminated switch 46 for adding a twist point to be pressed when adding a twist to the working posture, and on the right side of the switch 46, a light switch 46 is provided with a slight interval between the switches 46 and 46, which are used to measure the time taken for the posture and the movement of the parts being handled. Illuminated start/stop switch 47 to indicate the end
will be established. Ten switches 48 are arranged vertically below the twist and start/stop switches 46 and 47, and on the right side of the switches 48 are schematic diagrams of postures divided into 10 types with weight numbers 1 to 10. 48a are arranged so that the weight number increases from bottom to top. Further, on the left side of the switch 48, memory designation symbols (i, i=1 to 5) 48b for storing five types of heavy objects are arranged in order from the top corresponding to the five switches, and below this symbol, From the top to the shoulders of each of the remaining 5 switches,
A schematic diagram 48c of the doll is provided in which handling addresses corresponding to the positions of the elbows, thighs, knees, and floor correspond. The time required for one unit to flow through the production line is entered in seconds on the lower left side of the output display device 41 provided at the top of the front panel 40 (approximately to the left of the mode selection lighting switches 42, 43, and 44). A lighted switch 49 for instructing line tact is provided, and a lighted switch 50 for indicating the number of production units is provided immediately below this switch 49 for inputting the number of units produced in the case of an 8-hour work day. On the left side of the lighted switch 49 for line tact instruction,
A lighted switch 51 for indicating the average number of measurements is provided at slight intervals for inputting the average number of measurements in units of times. Below the switches 49 and 51 for indicating the line tact and the average number of times, there is a lighted switch 50 for indicating the number of production units, with a slight interval between them, for inputting the weight of the handled parts in kilograms (Kg). A lighted switch 52 for indicating weight;
Switches 53 for indicating the number of handled parts for inputting the number of handled parts in an 8-hour workday in units of parts are arranged side by side. At the lower left end of the front panel 40 (to the left of the position where the schematic diagram of the doll that corresponds to the handling address is provided) is a numeric input switch 54 that is normally used in calculators.
and connect the above input/output devices to a microcomputer (not shown). To perform burden evaluation using the strain evaluation device configured as described above, first, posture point measurement or
Depending on the case of weight point measurement, either the mode selection light switch 42 or 43 is pressed. For example, if the posture point is measured and calculated first, and the weight point is measured and calculated later, the switch 42 is pressed to turn on the switch 42, and the following operations and calculations are performed in the posture point mode. To fill the attitude point constant value table, press switch 49, then press switch 54 to input the line tact Lt in seconds, press switch 50, and then input the production number Sd per shift (assuming an 8-hour work day). Press the switch 54 to input the number of units, press the switch 51, and then press the switch 54 to input the average number of posture measurements n. When measuring the posture, the switch 47 is turned on by pressing the switch 47 to start the measurement.
By this operation, the following posture measurements are set so that they are measured an average of n times. The measurement is carried out using a schematic diagram 48a of a posture corresponding to the working posture to be measured.
This is done by continuing to press the switch 48 corresponding to the position while the posture continues. If the work posture involves twisting, the switch 46 is held down immediately after the switch 48 is pressed while the twisting posture continues. The posture duration time tin (i is the weighted number corresponding to the raw score of the posture) and the twisting posture duration time hin (hin is the addition of posture points and has a value of 1 or 0) measured in this way are based on the data of the average number of times. Enter repeatedly. When all measurements are completed, the switch 47 is pressed to turn off the switch 47 and instruct the completion of the measurement. After the measurement is completed, press switch 45 and switch 4.
5 is turned on, the attitude point α is calculated according to the following equations (1) and (2), and the calculation result is displayed on the output display device 41. Lt−1/n ₁₀ 〓 ^t=2 _o 〓 ⁿ⁼¹ t _io =A ……(1) {1/n ₁₀ 〓 ^t=2 _o 〓 ⁿ⁼¹ t _io (i+h _io ) +A(1+h _1o )} ×Sα=α (2) To switch when measuring and calculating the weight point, press the switch 43 to turn on the switch 43, and set the following operations and calculations to the weight point mode. In order to fill the weight point constant value table, press the switch 52 and enter the memory designation symbol (i, i=1
~5) Press the switches 48 displayed at 48b in sequence according to the parts being handled, store the weight in the specified weight memory, and press the switch 54 to display the weight Wi of the handled parts.
in kg, press the switch 53, and then press the switch 48 displayed by the memory designation symbol (i, i = 1 to 5) 48b in order according to the parts handled. Enter the number of parts handled (Ni). When measuring the moving state of the handled parts, the switch 47 is turned on to start measurement. By this operation, the following measurements are set to be performed an average of n times. For measurement, specify the first position P _Fj of the handling address by pressing the switch 48 indicated in the schematic diagram 48c, then press the memory designation symbol (i, i = 1 to 5) 48b to confirm the handling part Zj, and Part Zj is the end position of the handling address P _Rj
48 when the necessary work is completed.
This is done by pressing the switch 48 indicated by c, and the time tj from when the switch 48 is first pressed to when the switch 48 is pressed thereafter.
can be measured and stored. In this way, the measurement of the retention time tj is repeated, and data for n times of averaging are input. When all measurements are completed, the switch 47 is pressed to turn off the switch 47 and instruct the completion of the measurement. After the measurement is completed, press switch 45 and switch 4.
5 is turned on, the weight point β is calculated according to the following procedure, and the calculation result is displayed on the output display device 41. The calculation is performed after determining the movement coefficient Xj. The movement coefficient Xj is P _Fj −P _Rj =Qj (3) If Qj is a positive number, zero, or negative number, select the value of Xj from the constant value table.

[Table] Next, the handling parts Zj handled in work j
The time coefficient is calculated using the approximate formula y=ti/5×3600+9/20 while selecting the memory designation symbol i specified by , and the weight point β is calculated according to the following formula. 1/1000 _o 〓 ^{j =1} Wi × Ni _× 44 is pressed to turn on the switch 44, the posture weight point γ is calculated according to the following equation, and the result is displayed on the output display device 41. γ = α + 2β ...(5) By using the above-mentioned burden evaluation device at the work site, evaluation can be performed easily and quickly according to the work flow of the worker, and there is less variation in measurement between operators. Be able to evaluate burden. As shown in FIG. 4, the second embodiment of the apparatus uses a mechanical input device compared to the first embodiment of the apparatus, and is intended to reduce erroneous operations during burden evaluation work. This device has front panel 6
A light emitting diode or liquid crystal output display device 61 is provided at the top of the output display device 61, and three display lamps 62 are arranged vertically on the right side of the output display device 61, and the display lamps 62 are arranged in order from the top: attitude point, weight point, attitude weight point. Attach the mark.
Below these display sections, ten push-button attitude switches 63 with numbers (from 1 to 10) written on them are arranged horizontally in a row, and above the attitude switches 63 a schematic diagram 63a of the attitude is displayed. A push-button type addition switch 64 is provided on the lower left side of the attitude switch 63 (approximately below the attitude switch 63 with the number 1 written in the lateral direction), and a push button type addition switch 64 is provided on the right side (approximately below the attitude switch 63 with the number 7 written on it). A sliding mode select switch 65 that slides left and right is provided on the side (side). A posture point is displayed on the left side of the select switch 65, and a weight point is displayed on the right side. Five push-button handling address switches 66 with numbers (from 1 to 5) written on them are arranged vertically below the point addition switch 64 (approximately below the posture switch 63 written from numbers 1 and 2). A schematic diagram 66a of a person indicating the handling address is displayed on the right side of the handling address switch 66. Two three-way rotary digital switches are arranged vertically on the right side of this diagram 66a, and the upper side is the switch 6 for setting the weight of each individual part.
7, and the lower side is a switch 68 for setting the production quantity. The upper part of the switch 67 for setting the individual weight of handled parts displays the individual item weight, and the right side displays Kg.
A dot written as a black circle is displayed below the boundary between the switches provided at the center and right end of the triple switch. The number of production units is displayed above the production quantity setting switch 68, and the unit of production per shift is displayed on the right side. On the right side of the digital switches 67 and 68, a push-button start switch 69, a memory switch 70, and a calculation switch 71 are arranged vertically from the top.
START is displayed, storage switch 70 is displayed as storage, and calculation switch 71 is displayed as calculation. A vertically sliding power switch 73 is provided on the side surface 72 of the main body. A third embodiment is shown in FIG. 5 as a variant of this device. In this device, the posture switch 63 of the second embodiment
Press button switch to lever switch 7
4, and the raw score for the posture is displayed below the lever. As shown in FIG.
There are contact points at three positions: b, lower 74c, and normally raised to upper 74a by the force of a spring. When the lever is in the upper position 74a, it is in the OFF state.
When the lever is pushed down to the middle position 74b, the time in the corresponding working posture is measured, and when the lever is pushed down to the lower position 74c, the time in the twisted posture is measured. If a lever-type attitude switch 74 with this function is provided,
There is no need to separately provide the point addition switch 64. An electrical system diagram for the second and third embodiments is shown in FIG. Here, the attitude switch 63, the point addition switch 64, or the lever type switch 74, the select switch 65, the address switch 66, the start switch 69, the memory switch 70, and the calculation switch 71 are collectively displayed as each switch type 75. There is. The output display device 61, display lamp 62, switches 75, and digital switches 67, 68 are connected to the microcomputer main body 7.
6 and all instructions and calculations are processed by the microcomputer main body 76. FIG. 8 shows a memory map designated by the microcomputer main body 76. Posture switch 6
The time t measured by the operation 3 or 74 is stored in the memory A at a storage location designated by A ₁ i (i=1 to 10). The production number is stored in memory location A _{2,1 ,} and the attitude point α is stored in memory location _{A 2,2 .}
When entering the handling address by entering the weight point mode, the first address S ₁ j (j = 1 to n) of the handling address is stored in the storage location Bj ₁ of memory B, and the last address of the handling address
S ₂ j (j=1 to n) is stored in storage location Bj ₂ .
The measured handling time Tj (j = 1 to n) is stored in the storage location
Make it memorized by Bj ₃ . Difference in handling address S ₂ j = S ₁ j−S ₂ j (j
=1 to n) are stored in storage location _Bj4 . _The movement coefficient Xj (j=1~
n) is stored in memory location Bj ₅ . The weight Wj (j=1 to n) of the handled parts is stored in the storage location _Bj6 .
The production number N is stored in memory location B _1,7 , the total measurement _time Tj is stored in memory location B _2,7 , and the time coefficient y is stored in memory location B 2,7.
B _3,7 stores the weight point β in storage location B _4,7 . A flowchart of the load evaluation process using the memories A and B defined in this way and each symbol is shown in FIG. 9. To perform a burden evaluation using the burden evaluation device configured as described above (in the case of the second embodiment below), turn on the power switch 73, set the select switch 65 to the posture point side, and set the display lamp 62 to the posture point side. Make sure the lamp is lit. Next, the start switch 69 is pressed to start measurement. Measurement of posture points is carried out by holding down the posture switch 63 to measure the working posture within the range of one machine.
The number of seconds that the posture switch 63 was pressed is added to the address A ₁ i (i=1 to 10) in memory A corresponding to the posture. When working in a twisted position,
At the same time as the posture switch 63, the point addition switch 64 is pressed for the duration of the twist. Addition switch 6
When 4 is pressed, the posture is treated as one point higher, and the measurement time t is added to the memory at the address corresponding to the posture of one or more points. Regarding the other postures shown in Equation 1, there is no need to measure them because all the time that is not measured within the range of working time for one machine is considered to be other postures. The above operations and processing correspond to the part designated as 76 in the flowchart of FIG. After completing the measurement of the working posture for one machine, set the daily production quantity (value for an 8-hour workday) using the production quantity switch 68 and press the calculation switch 71. The posture point α is calculated and displayed as an output. The results are displayed on the device 61. The above operations and processing correspond to the part designated as 77 in the flowchart. After moving the select switch 65 to the weight point side and confirming that the display lamp 62 lights up the weight point lamp, the start switch 69 is pressed to begin weight point measurement. For weight point measurement, the starting and ending positions of the parts to be handled within the range of one vehicle are designated by pressing the handling address switch 66. When holding the part, press the handling address switch 66 to specify the first address S ₁ j, and when you finish the work by placing the part, press the handling address switch 66 to specify the ending address S ₂ j. ₁ j and
The time Tj that elapsed while specifying S ₂ j is stored as a retention time in correspondence with the handling addresses S ₁ j and S ₂ j. This operation is repeated for the number n of parts to be handled. The above operations and processing correspond to the part designated as 78 in the flowchart. After the weight point measurement is completed, set the weight Wj of the handled part using the single item weight switch 67, press the memory switch 70, and enter the handling address.
S ₁ j, S ₂ j, and time Tj are stored in the same order as they were obtained. This operation and processing correspond to the part indicated at 81 in the flowchart. This procedure may be performed before weight point measurements. Next, set the production number N with the production number switch 68 (however, this can be omitted if it was input when measuring the attitude point measured earlier), and press the calculation switch 71.
The weight point β is calculated and the result is displayed on the output display device 61. This operation and processing corresponds to the part designated as 79 in the flowchart. When the calculation switch 71 is pressed again after the attitude point α and the weight point β are determined, the value of the attitude weight point γ is obtained, and is displayed on the output display device 61, and the attitude weight point lamp of the display lamp 62 is turned on. . This operation and processing corresponds to the part designated as 80 in the flowchart. In the above operations and processing, the order of attitude points and weight points is as follows: After obtaining attitude point α or weight point β, press the calculation switch 71 to use the weight point β or attitude point α obtained immediately before. Since the program is programmed to calculate at the weight point γ, it may be reversed. In this case, if the attitude point α or the weight point β has not been determined beforehand, the calculation to add a value of zero is simply performed, so the displayed numerical value is displayed as the same value as the value before pressing the calculation switch 71. When using the burden evaluation device of the third embodiment,
When using the strain evaluation device of the second embodiment, except that the twisting posture can be measured simply by changing the angle at which the lever of the posture switch 74 is pushed down in the case of posture point measurement, which is simpler and reduces measurement defects due to erroneous operation. is the same as By using the burden evaluation device shown in the second and third embodiments configured as described above, measurements can be made quickly and easily with fewer erroneous operations while directly observing the movements of workers handling parts at the work place. It becomes possible to evaluate the burden of work with less variation depending on the subjectivity of the person. (Effects of the Invention) As described above, by applying and using the device for evaluating lumbar strain during work according to the present invention, problems caused by unnatural working postures or heavy object handling work, which have conventionally been considered as problems, can be realized. It will be possible to quantitatively understand diseases using the worker's posture and the condition of heavy objects as parameters, and it will be possible to obtain evaluation materials that provide guidelines for how to proceed with human and material countermeasures for on-site work. . By using the method and device of the present invention, it is possible to perform work load evaluations that are in good agreement with conventional materials measured individually, such as analysis of muscle loads and measurement results of intravertebral disc pressure. It will be possible to understand and evaluate the impact of loads at the stage of on-site work. Since such evaluation materials can be obtained, it is easy to improve the work by reducing the work burden due to unnatural postures and heavy object handling work, not intuitively or subjectively, but quantitatively and objectively. This makes it possible to easily reduce the incidence of diseases such as back pain. In addition, it has become possible to allocate work to reduce differences in the amount of work that differs between tasks in on-site work at factories, etc., and it has become possible to change workers easily.
It becomes possible to reduce the disparity between tasks for each task load.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of an evaluation table used for burden evaluation, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of posture weight point evaluation. FIG. 3 is a front view of the first embodiment of the burden evaluation device of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the second embodiment of the burden evaluation device of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a front view of the burden evaluation device of the present invention according to the second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a partial perspective view of the third embodiment, FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the operation of the lever type attitude switch, FIG. 7 is an electrical system block diagram of the second and third embodiments, and FIG. 8 is a diagram of the second and third embodiments. The memory map explanatory diagram, FIG. 9, is a flowchart for the second embodiment. 7...Attitude point table, 8...Weight point table, 22...Handling address table, 26...Movement coefficient table, 31...Time coefficient table, 40,60...Front panel, 41,61...
...Output display device, 48...Switch, 48a...
Schematic diagram of posture, 48c...Schematic diagram of doll that corresponds to handling address, 54...Numerical input switch, 63...
...Push button type posture switch, 63a...Schematic diagram of posture, 64...Push button type additional point switch, 66
...Handling address switch, 66a... Schematic diagram of a person showing the handling address, 67... Switch for setting individual item weight, 68... Switch for setting production quantity, 74...
Lever type attitude switch, 76...Microcomputer main body, α...Attitude point, β...Weight point, γ...
...posture weight point.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A device for evaluating the strain on the lower back when carrying and handling heavy objects, which includes a means for inputting the magnitude of muscle strain due to the working posture as a weight number, and a twist weight number depending on whether or not the working posture requires twisting. means for inputting the duration of each working posture; means for calculating a correction coefficient by adding the weight number and twist weight number; and calculating the integrated sum of the duration and the correction coefficient. means for determining the posture point using
A method for inputting the height at which a product is handled as a predetermined address according to the height, a method for inputting the time to handle the product as a holding time, and a method for inputting the number of times the same operation is repeated for the product. means for inputting the number of repetitions; means for calculating a movement coefficient by calculating the difference between the address at the start of the work operation and the address at the end of the work operation; and means for holding the handled items by integrating the holding time and the number of repetitions. means for calculating the total time spent on the vehicle and determining a time coefficient based on the total time; means for determining a total evaluation point by integrating the weight of the single item, the number of repetitions, and the movement coefficient; A device for evaluating lumbar strain during work, comprising means for determining a weight point by integrating the posture points and weight points, and means for determining a posture weight point by integrating the posture points and the weight points.