JPH051342B2

JPH051342B2 -

Info

Publication number: JPH051342B2
Application number: JP59250995A
Authority: JP
Inventors: Seiichi Tomita
Original assignee: IG Technical Research Inc
Current assignee: IG Technical Research Inc
Priority date: 1984-11-27
Filing date: 1984-11-27
Publication date: 1993-01-08
Also published as: JPS61130550A

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】（産業上の利用分野）本発明は建築、構築物の内、外装の横張り壁体
を形成し、かつ、縦目地をコーキング材によつて
密封した構造とするのに有用なサイデイングボー
ド（以下、単にボードという）に関するものであ
る。（従来の技術）従来から使用されているこの種ボードとして
は、例えば特公昭51−29339号、実公昭51−11882
号、実公昭54−26649号などがある。しかしなが
ら、この種ボードにおいて最大の欠点は化粧面が
山状になり、これを用いて形成した壁体は連続し
た山のような外観となることであつた。また、こ
の種ボードは引掛け構造が多く、施工上の関係で
目地幅が不均一となる欠点があつた。さらに、こ
の種ボードは化粧面が設計上、平坦（エンボス加
工も含む）であり、かつ、単なる段差、凹凸にす
ぎず、立体感に欠ける不利があつた。その他、こ
の種ボードにおいては、落し込み型の連続構造と
したボードも知られているが、立体感、防水性、
断熱性、施工性、経済性に欠ける不利があつた。
その上、表面材として厚さ0.27mmや0.3mmのカラ
ー鋼板等を用い、芯材として合成樹脂発泡体を用
いて形成したこの種ボードを連結して壁体を形成
した際は縦目地（第４図ｂ）にはバツクアツプ材
とコーキング材を充填する必要があつた。しかし
ながら、コーキング材は微小面積の表面材の木口
端面とのみ接着しているにすぎず、合成樹脂発泡
体と接着しているコーキング材の部分は接着強度
に殆ど寄与しないものである。その結果、コーキ
ング材は表面材の僅かな木口面との接着にすぎ
ず、外力、または耐候的な劣化によつて容易に破
損したり、充填作業に熟練を必要とし、かつ、外
観を美しく仕上げなければならず、施工に長時間
を要する等の不利があつた。さらに、この種ボー
ドは連続ラインで生産され、走行カツタで切断さ
れるため、その木口が長尺化粧面の端面側で変
形、所謂木口付近が圧縮されて変形した状態（前
ダレ）が生ずる等の不利があつた。（発明の目的）本発明は、上述した欠点を除去するため、化粧
面部を２つ以上の傾斜化粧片から階段状に形成
し、かつ、その段差を強化する空隙を有する窪部
を段差部分に設け、区分線をより明確化し、しか
もボードを連結した際に形成される雄、雌型連結
部の外観に酷似した外観とすると共に、化粧片の
木口縁の少なくとも一方を内方に折り曲げて端面
壁を形成し、化粧面の変形を防止し、施工した際
に、縦目地に対してコーキング材を極めて容易
に、かつ、短時間で、しかも仕上がり面を美し
く、さらに接着力を十分に発揮できるようにし、
断熱材が露出したり、コーキング材が破損しない
ように形成し、かつ、ボードの施工が容易で１人
の作業員で、しかも熟練を要さずに行うことがで
き、その上、防水性、係合力、および立体感を大
幅に助長したボードを提案するものである。（発明の構成）以下に、図面を用いて本発明に係るボードの構
成について説明する。すなわち、上記ボードＡは
第１図に示すように、例えば表面処理鋼板、鋼板
に亜鉛・ニツケル合金をメツキした鋼板、アル
ミ・亜鉛合金メツキ鋼板（商品名ガルフアン、ガ
ルバリウム鋼板、スーパージンク）、アルミニウ
ム板、アルミニウム合金板、銅板等の１種からな
る金属板（平板、エンボス加工板も含む）をロー
ル、またはプレスで成形したり、あるいは押出し
成形などの１種により形成した表面材１と裏面材
２２間に断熱材２３を一体に充填してサンドイツ
チ構造としたものである。さらに説明すると、表
面材１は第２図ａに示すように、長尺状の化粧面
部２と雄型連結部６と雌型連結部１５と断熱材２
３を充填する樋状部２１とから構成したものであ
る。すなわち、化粧面部２は長尺状の板材の表面
の任意位置（図示ではほぼ中央）に表面の長手方
向と平行に図示するように、内方に屈曲し少なく
とも１段を形成した段差片３とその先端を内方
へ、次に外方へ略Ｕ字状に折り返して、例えば深
さを１〜10mm位とした窪部４とから形成した段差
部５と、段差片３によつて区分した２つ以上の複
数個の長尺状の傾斜化粧片（以下、単に化粧片と
いう）２ａ，２ｂとから構成したものである。な
お、空隙５ａの大きさは表面材１の折り曲げ時に
生ずる間隙の大きさ、あるいは任意に形成したも
のであり、段差片３の下端と化粧片２ｂ間を明確
に区分することによつて、化粧面部２の立体感を
助長すると共に、ボードを施工した際の横目地部
と外観を酷似させることにより、壁体に統一した
ラインを生み、美観性を向上させ、また強度をも
補強するものである。また、雄型連結部６は化粧
面部２の一端を長手方向と平行に凹状に窪ませて
雨返しと毛細管現象の阻止を図る略断面凹状の溝
部７とその先端に形成した補強リブ８（図ではパ
イプ状）とから形成した差込縁９と、差込縁９の
先端を内方に略Ｕ字状に屈曲した係合溝１０と、
係合溝１０の先端である下端１１をそのまま外方
へ突出した延長部１２とから構成したものであ
る。さらに説明を加えると、延長部１２は釘打設
片１３とその先端に設けたはぜ状の舌片１４とか
ら形成したものである。雌型連結部１５は化粧面
部２の他端を内方へ屈曲した段差片１６とその先
端を内方へ屈曲し、次に外方へ折り曲げて断面Ｕ
字状に形成した嵌合溝１７と、その先端である下
縁１８を内方へ屈曲した舌片１９とから形成した
ものであり、下縁１８は差込縁９を嵌合溝１７に
嵌合する際に係合溝１１に挿入され、より係合力
を強化するのに役立つものである。また２０は端
面壁で化粧片２ａ，２ｂの一側木口縁の少なくと
も一方を内方に任意角度、例えば30〜90°位屈曲
したものである。この端面壁２０は化粧片２ａ，
２ｂの反り、捩じれ、前ダレを防止するための補
強と、後述するコーキング材２７の接着面として
機能すると共に、ボードＡの木口面側からの雨
水、熱、太陽光線の侵入を遮断して後述する断熱
材２３を保護するのに役立つものである。さらに
端面壁２０は化粧片２ａ，２ｂのそれぞれに設け
るものであり、またその形状は溝部７、窪部４、
嵌合溝１７にかからないような形状で、その高さ
H₁，H₂は断熱材２３の裏面より突出しない範囲
で任意形状に形成することができる。なお、表面
材１の各部の寸法、角度は次のように設定したも
のである。すなわち第２図ｂに示すように段差片
３，１６の高さをh₁，h₂、段差片３，１６の頂点
３ａ，１６ａから下地線イまでの高さをh₃，h₄、
下地線イに対する段差片３，１６の角度をθ₁，
θ₂、化粧片２ａ，２ｂと段差片３，１６との角度
をθ₃，θ₄とすると、 h₁＝h₂、またはh₁≒h₂ h₃＝h₄、またはh₃≒h₄ θ₁＝θ₂、またはθ₁≒θ₂ θ₃＝θ₄、またはθ₃≒θ₄ の関係にある。これはボードＡを第３図に示すよ
うに躯体２４に施工した際に段差部５と横目地部
がほぼ同じ外観を形成するようにするためであ
り、ボードＡにより形成した壁体は統一した横の
ラインを生み出し、美観性を向上させるためであ
る。また樋状部２１は化粧面部２と雄、雌型連結
部６，１５、端面壁２０によつて囲まれた空間で
あり、断熱材２３を充填するためのものである。
さらに裏面材２２は少なくとも断熱材２３の裏面
を被覆するためのものであり、ボードを表面材
１、断熱材２３、と共にサンドイツチ構造とする
ことにより、ボード自体の機械強度を強化すると
共に、不燃シート、防水膜、遮熱シート、吸水シ
ート、防音シート、剥離シート、パツキング材、
補強シートなどの１部材として機能するものであ
る。その素材は、例えばアスベスト紙、クラフト
紙、アスフアルトフエルト、金属箔（Al，Pb，
Fe）、合成樹脂シート、ゴムシート、布シート、
ガラスクロスの１種、もしくはこれらの１種以上
を組み合わせたもの、あるいはこの種シートに対
して防水、難燃等の処理を施したもの、もしくは
前記したような金属板などの１種からなるもので
ある。また、断熱材２３は少なくとも樋状部２１
に充填し、ボードＡに断熱性を付与するものであ
り、副次的に接着性、不燃性などの機能を有する
素材の１種からなるものである。具体的には合成
樹脂発泡体、ロツクウール、グラスウール、シー
ジングボード、石膏ボード、木毛セメント板等の
１種からなり、原料で吐出し、反応、硬化、自己
接着させるもの、あるいは成形体などの１種から
なるものである。なお、成形体を用いる場合には
断熱材２３と表面材１、裏面材２２間に接着剤
（図示せず）が必要である。さらに説明すると、
断熱材２３としては主に合成樹脂発泡体、例えば
ポリウレタンフオーム用樹脂、ポリイソシアヌレ
ートフオーム用樹脂、フエノールフオーム用樹
脂、およびこれらに難燃剤、難燃助剤（硼砂、メ
タ硼酸ソーダ、炭酸カルシウム、水酸化アルミニ
ウム、三酸化アンチモン）、ベントナイト、パー
ライト粒、シラスバルーンの１種以上を添加した
ものなどからなるものである。（施工例）いま、第１図に示すようなボードＡを第３図に
示すように横張りして外壁を形成すると仮定す
る。まず、主柱、間柱、防水シート等からなる壁
下地（図では防水シートを使用しない場合の壁下
地を示す）２４に第ｎ段目のボードA₁の釘打設
片１３を釘２５を介して固定する。次に第ｎ＋１
段目のボードA₂の雌型連結部１５の嵌合溝１７
をボードA₁の雄型連結部６の差込縁９に嵌挿し、
第３図のような横目地部αを形成するものであ
る。また縦目地βはボードＡの短尺方向の側端縁
を突き合わせることにより、第４図ａに示すよう
に形成する。すなわち、縦目地βに嵩上げ材２６
を挿入し、その後でコーキング材２７を化粧面部
２から突出しないように充填すればよいものであ
る。このようにして形成した縦目地βは、従前の
横張り用ボードの縦目地（第４図ｂに示す）β′と
異なり、表面材１とコーキング材２７との接着面
積が大きいため、防水性、施工性、耐振動性にす
ぐれたものとなる。なお、土台部分にはスタータ
（図示せず）、出、入隅等の部分にはコーキング
材、役物を用いる必要がある。（実施例）表面材１としてカラー鋼板（板厚0.27mm）を用
い、幅を404mm、化粧面部２の幅を364mm、長さ
2880mm、端面壁２０の高さH₁，H₂をそれぞれ最
大７mmのほぼ長方形状に成形し、断熱材２３は樋
状部２１にポリイソシアヌレートフオームを原料
状態で吐出し、反応、発泡させて密度30Kg／m³に
形成し、裏面材２２としてはアルミ・クラフト紙
を用意して第１図に示すようなボードを製造し
た。これに対し、比較例として第５図に示すよう
に段差部のないボードで短尺方向の側端縁に端面
壁を設けないボードを成形した。なお、比較例の
幅は実施例の約半分の242mmであり、施工すると
外観上実施例と同じ外観を有する壁体を形成する
ような幅とし、また長さ、厚さ、材料は実施例と
同じものを用いた。この両ボードに対し、次のよ
うな各種テストを行つた。すなわち(イ)湿熱、乾燥
試験、(ロ)断熱材２３の密度バラツキ試験、(ハ)縦目
地部βの防水試験、(ニ)コーキング材充填時の作業
性、(ホ)製造した後での外観観察、(ヘ)不良品率（木
口の外観からみて）の測定、(ト)切断時における変
形の測定を行つた。その結果は次表のようになつ
た。なお、(イ)は80±５℃で105分で乾燥し、90％
HRで２時間放置した後の化粧面の中心における
水平面からの高さ（凸状を＋、凹状を−とする）、
(ロ)は断熱材２３の密度が全幅に亘つて略一定とし
た際と、大きく変動した際であり、前者としては
30〜33Kg／m³、後者としては20〜40Kg／m³でボイ
ドも多く見られる発泡組織の時の化粧面の外観、
(ハ)は実施例、および比較例の縦目地部β，β′をそ
れぞれ第４図ａ，ｂのように形成し、この縦目地
部β，β′に対し、70Kgｆの圧力で水を噴射したと
きの裏面への漏水と目地部の破損状態、(ニ)は同一
長さ、幅に対する充填時間、(ホ)はボードの全体観
察、(ヘ)は木口面が原因で不良となるボードの割
合、(ト)は切断により生ずる前ダレによる変形であ
る。【表】【表】なお、(a)，(b)は化粧面の高さが１mmだけ増減す
ると裏面材２２の幅方向に対する収縮、または伸
びは12mmとなる。(c)は木口に断熱材２３の発泡組
織が露出し、充填不良、発泡組織の不均一がみえ
るためである。（その他の実施例）以上説明したのは、本発明に係るボードの一実
施例にすぎず、第４図ａ〜ｇ〜第１１図ａ〜ｆに
示すように形成することもできる。すなわち、第
６図ａ〜ｇは段差部５の実施例であり、ａ，ｂ図
は段差片３の下端と窪部４の上縁４ａによつて形
成される角度、あるいは化粧片２ａと段差片３の
上端によつて形成される角度に段差強化用の面取
り面５ｂを形成した段差部５、ｃ〜ｇ図は窪部４
を図のように形成した段差部５である。また第７
図ａ〜ｃは雄型連結部６のその他の実施例であ
り、ａ図は延長部１３に対し係合溝１０の上縁１
０ａを角度θ₅となるように形成した係合溝１０、
ｂ図は舌片１４を下はぜ状に形成した雄型連結部
６、ｃ図は溝部７の底面７ａと上縁１０ａとを平
行になるように形成した溝部７である。また第８
図ａ〜ｇは雌型連結部１５の実施例であり、ａ図
は係合溝１７の上縁１７ａの途中に長尺方向と平
行に形成した溝１７ｂ、あるいは図示しないがリ
ブを形成し、防水、係合力の強化を図る雌型連結
部１５、ｂ図は下縁１８にａ図と同じような溝１
８ａを形成した雌型連結部１５、ｃ，ｄ図は嵌合
溝１７の最奥部を図示するように形成した雌型連
結部１５、ｅ，ｆ図は段差片１６の下端と上端１
７ａによつて形成される角度を図示するように形
成し、防水性、段差の強化を図る雌型連結部１
５、ｇ図は舌片１９を外方に屈曲して形成した雌
型連結部１５である。なお、第６図ａ〜ｇ〜第８
図ａ〜ｇにおいては表面材１の板厚を省略してい
る。また、第９図ａ〜ｅは端面壁２０の変形例で
あり、ａ図は断面材２３の全厚まで延ばした端面
壁２０、ｂ図は窪部４、嵌合溝１７の範囲を除い
て、断熱材２３の全幅まで延ばした端面壁２０、
ｃ，ｄ図は図示するように三角形状に形成した端
面壁２０、ｅ図は一定の形状をもたない端面壁２
０である。また第１０図ａ〜ｆは第２図ａにおけ
るロ−ロ線で切断した時の表面材１のみの端面図
であり、ａ図は端面壁２０を内方に屈曲した表面
材１、ｂ図は化粧面部２の一端縁にのみ端面壁２
０を形成した表面材１、ｃ図は端面壁２０を外方
へ傾斜した表面材１、ｄ，ｅ図は端面壁２０の１
つを直角に形成し、他方を内方、または外方へ傾
斜した表面材１、ｆ図は一側端縁の端面壁２０、
または図示しないが両側端縁の端面壁２０の先端
を外方に短く屈曲し、コーキング材２７のストツ
パとして機能させるフランジ２０ａを設けた端面
壁２０である。さらに第１１図ａ〜ｆはボードＡ
の断面の実施例で、ａ図は裏面材２２の一端を嵌
合溝１７の上縁１７ａの上面に挿入したボード
Ａ、ｂ図は舌片１４を下はぜ状に形成し、裏面材
２２の両端を表面材１で挟持しないボードＡ、ｃ
図は裏面材２２の一端を雄型連結部６の側縁より
外方へΔWだけ突出したボードＡ、ｄ図は断熱材
２３を延長部１３の裏面にも配設し、裏面を平坦
としたボードＡ、ｅ図は断熱材２３を延長部１３
の裏面にも配設し、かつ、延長部１３の先端に断
面Ｌ字状の補強兼嵩上げ片１３ａを設け、断熱材
２３の一端を挟持したボードＡ、ｆ図は断熱材２
３の形状を図のように形成し、ボードＡを施工し
た際ボードＡ間の裏面が間隙なく面一となり、壁
下地と密着するように形成したボードＡである。
なお、図示しないが、断熱材２３の裏面に裏面材
２２を貼着しないボードＡも形成できるものであ
る。勿論、第６図〜第１０図を各々組み合わせた
表面材とすることもできる。（発明の効果）上述したように本発明に係るボードによれば、
化粧面部に少なくとも一段の段差部を形成したた
め、強度が十分に補強されると共に、化粧片の側
端縁の少なくとも一方に端面壁を設けたため、化
粧面が山状になつたりすることがない。また段差
部に空隙を有する窪部を設けたため、化粧片間の
段差が従前よりはるかに助長され、化粧面全体が
立体感に富む外観となる。その上、雄、雌型連結
部を前記した落とし込み構造にしたため、１人で
も十分に施工でき、かつ、目地幅（横）を一定に
すにことができ、しかも防水性にすぐれる。また
ボードで壁体を形成した際は段差部と横目地部の
外観が酷似するため、壁体に統一したラインを生
み出し、美しい外観、かつ、立体感に富む壁体を
形成できる。しかも、化粧面には断熱材の分布ム
ラ、成形による残留歪によつて凹凸の反りが見掛
け上現れない。また、ボード切断時の前ダレによ
る変形が皆無となる。その上、壁を形成した際の
縦目地のコーキングが極めて容易に、かつ、確実
となる。等の効果がある。 [Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention is used to form horizontal walls of the interior and exterior of buildings and structures, and to have a structure in which the vertical joints are sealed with caulking material. This invention relates to a useful siding board (hereinafter simply referred to as a board). (Prior art) Examples of this type of board that have been used in the past include Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-29339 and Utility Model Publication No. 51-11882.
No., Jikko No. 54-26649, etc. However, the biggest drawback of this type of board is that the decorative surface becomes mountain-like, and walls formed using it have the appearance of a continuous mountain. Additionally, this type of board often has a hanging structure, which has the disadvantage of uneven joint width due to construction. Furthermore, the decorative surface of this type of board is flat (including embossing) due to its design, and is merely a step or uneven surface, which has the disadvantage of lacking a three-dimensional effect. In addition, there are also known boards of this type that have a continuous structure with a drop-in type, but they have a three-dimensional feel, waterproofness,
It had disadvantages such as lack of heat insulation, ease of construction, and economy.
Furthermore, when a wall is formed by connecting these types of boards, which are made using colored steel plates with a thickness of 0.27 mm or 0.3 mm as the surface material and synthetic resin foam as the core material, vertical joints ( Figure 4 b) required filling with backup material and caulking material. However, the caulking material only adheres to a small area of the end face of the surface material, and the portion of the caulking material adhering to the synthetic resin foam hardly contributes to the adhesive strength. As a result, the caulking material only has a slight adhesion to the end surface of the surface material, and is easily damaged by external forces or weather-related deterioration, requires skill to fill, and has a beautiful appearance. However, there were disadvantages such as the long time required for construction. Furthermore, since this type of board is produced on a continuous line and cut with a running cutter, the end of the board is deformed on the end face side of the long decorative surface, resulting in a state where the area near the end of the board is compressed and deformed (front sag). There was a disadvantage. (Object of the Invention) In order to eliminate the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention forms a decorative surface part in a step-like manner from two or more inclined decorative pieces, and also provides a recessed part having a gap to strengthen the step part in the step part. In addition to making the dividing lines clearer and creating an appearance that closely resembles the appearance of the male and female joints formed when the boards are connected, at least one of the end edges of the decorative piece is bent inward to create an edge. It forms a face wall, prevents deformation of the decorative surface, and when installed, it is extremely easy to apply caulking material to vertical joints in a short time, the finished surface is beautiful, and it has sufficient adhesive strength. So,
The board is formed so that the insulation material is not exposed and the caulking material is not damaged, and the board is easy to install and can be done by one worker without requiring any skill. We propose a board that greatly enhances engagement force and three-dimensional appearance. (Structure of the Invention) The structure of the board according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the board A is made of, for example, a surface-treated steel sheet, a steel sheet plated with a zinc-nickel alloy, an aluminum-zinc alloy plated steel sheet (product name: Gulfuan, Galvalume Steel Sheet, Super Zinc), or an aluminum sheet. Surface material 1 and back surface material 22 formed by forming metal plates (including flat plates and embossed plates) made of one type of aluminum alloy plate, copper plate, etc. by roll or press, or by one type of extrusion molding. A heat insulating material 23 is integrally filled in between to form a sandwich structure. To explain further , as shown in FIG .
3 and a gutter-like portion 21 filled with water. That is, the decorative surface part 2 has a stepped piece 3 bent inward to form at least one step, as shown in the figure, parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surface at an arbitrary position (approximately the center in the figure) on the surface of the elongated plate. The tip is folded inward and then outward in a substantially U-shape, and is separated by a stepped portion 5 formed from a recessed portion 4 having a depth of, for example, about 1 to 10 mm, and a stepped piece 3. It is composed of two or more elongated inclined decorative pieces (hereinafter simply referred to as decorative pieces) 2a and 2b. The size of the gap 5a is the size of the gap that occurs when the surface material 1 is bent, or it is arbitrarily formed.By clearly separating the lower end of the stepped piece 3 and the decorative piece 2b, In addition to promoting the three-dimensional appearance of the surface part 2 , by making the appearance closely similar to the horizontal joint part when the board is installed, it creates a unified line on the wall, improves the aesthetics, and also strengthens the strength. be. In addition, the male connecting portion 6 includes a groove portion 7 with a generally concave cross section that is recessed parallel to the longitudinal direction at one end of the decorative surface portion 2 to prevent rain and capillary phenomenon, and a reinforcing rib 8 formed at the tip of the groove portion 7 (Fig. an engagement groove 10 formed by bending the tip of the insertion edge 9 inward into a substantially U-shape;
The lower end 11, which is the tip of the engagement groove 10, is configured with an extension part 12 that projects outward. To explain further, the extension part 12 is formed from a nailing piece 13 and a flap-like tongue piece 14 provided at the tip thereof. The female connecting part 15 has a step piece 16 which is bent inward at the other end of the decorative surface part 2 , and its tip is bent inward, and then bent outward to form a cross section U.
It is formed from a fitting groove 17 formed in a letter shape, and a tongue piece 19 whose lower edge 18 is bent inward. It is inserted into the engagement groove 11 when mating, and serves to further strengthen the engagement force. Reference numeral 20 denotes an end wall in which at least one of the ends of the decorative pieces 2a and 2b is bent inward at an arbitrary angle, for example, about 30 to 90 degrees. This end wall 20 includes a decorative piece 2a,
It serves as reinforcement to prevent warping, twisting, and front sagging of board 2b, and as an adhesion surface for caulking material 27, which will be described later. This serves to protect the heat insulating material 23. Furthermore, the end wall 20 is provided on each of the decorative pieces 2a and 2b, and its shape is that of the groove 7, the recess 4,
The shape is such that it does not fit into the fitting groove 17, and its height is
H ₁ and H ₂ can be formed into any shape as long as they do not protrude from the back surface of the heat insulating material 23. Note that the dimensions and angles of each part of the surface material 1 are set as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 2b, the heights of the step pieces 3 and 16 are h ₁ and h ₂ , and the heights from the vertices 3 a and 16 a of the step pieces 3 and 16 to the base line A are h ₃ and h ₄ ,
The angle of the step pieces 3, 16 with respect to the base line A is θ ₁ ,
If θ ₂ and the angle between the decorative pieces 2a, 2b and the step pieces 3, 16 are θ ₃ and θ ₄ , then h ₁ = h ₂ , or h ₁ ≒ h ₂ h ₃ = h ₄ , or h ₃ ≒ h ₄ The relationship is θ ₁ =θ ₂ , or θ ₁ ≒θ ₂ θ ₃ =θ ₄ , or θ ₃ ≒θ ₄ . This is to ensure that when Board A is installed on the frame 24 as shown in Figure 3, the stepped portion 5 and the side joint portion will have almost the same appearance, and the wall formed by Board A will be unified. This is to create horizontal lines and improve aesthetics. The gutter-like portion 21 is a space surrounded by the decorative surface portion 2 , the male and female connecting portions 6 , 15 , and the end wall 20, and is filled with a heat insulating material 23.
Furthermore, the back material 22 is for covering at least the back surface of the heat insulating material 23, and by forming the board with the surface material 1 and the heat insulating material 23 into a sanderch structure, the mechanical strength of the board itself is strengthened, and the non-combustible sheet , waterproof membrane, heat shield sheet, water absorption sheet, soundproof sheet, release sheet, packing material,
It functions as a member such as a reinforcing sheet. Examples of materials include asbestos paper, kraft paper, asphalt felt, metal foil (Al, Pb,
Fe), synthetic resin sheet, rubber sheet, cloth sheet,
One type of glass cloth, a combination of one or more of these types, a sheet of this type treated with waterproofing, flame retardant, etc., or one type of metal plate as described above. It is. Further, the heat insulating material 23 includes at least the gutter-like portion 21
The board A is filled with a material that gives insulation properties to the board A, and is made of one type of material that has secondary functions such as adhesiveness and nonflammability. Specifically, it consists of one type of synthetic resin foam, rock wool, glass wool, sheathing board, gypsum board, wood wool cement board, etc., and one that is discharged as a raw material, reacts, hardens, and self-adhesive, or one that is molded. It consists of seeds. Note that when a molded body is used, an adhesive (not shown) is required between the heat insulating material 23, the surface material 1 , and the back material 22. To explain further,
The heat insulating material 23 is mainly made of synthetic resin foams, such as polyurethane foam resins, polyisocyanurate foam resins, phenol foam resins, and flame retardants and flame retardant aids (borax, sodium metaborate, calcium carbonate, etc.). It consists of one or more of the following: aluminum hydroxide, antimony trioxide), bentonite, pearlite grains, and shirasu balloons. (Construction Example) Now, assume that boards A as shown in FIG. 1 are laid horizontally as shown in FIG. 3 to form an outer wall. First, the nailing piece 13 of the nth board A ₁ is attached to the wall base 24 consisting of main pillars, studs, waterproof sheets, etc. (the figure shows the wall base when no waterproof sheet is used) through the nails 25. and fix it. then the n+1
Fitting groove 17 of female connecting part 15 of board _A2 in the tier
Insert it into the insertion edge 9 of the male connecting part 6 of board _A1 ,
This is to form a horizontal joint portion α as shown in FIG. Further, the vertical joint β is formed by butting the side edges of the boards A in the short direction, as shown in FIG. 4a. In other words, the raising material 26 is placed at the vertical joint β.
, and then fill the caulking material 27 in such a way that it does not protrude from the decorative surface portion 2. The vertical joint β formed in this way is different from the vertical joint β′ of the conventional horizontal board (shown in Fig. 4b) because the bonding area between the surface material 1 and the caulking material 27 is large, so it is waterproof. , it has excellent workability and vibration resistance. In addition, it is necessary to use a starter (not shown) for the base part, caulking material, and accessories for parts such as the exit and entrance corners. (Example) A colored steel plate (plate thickness 0.27 mm) was used as the surface material 1 , the width was 404 mm, the width of the decorative surface part 2 was 364 mm, and the length was
2880 mm, and the heights H ₁ and H ₂ of the end walls 20 are formed into a substantially rectangular shape with a maximum of 7 mm, respectively, and the heat insulating material 23 is made by discharging polyisocyanurate foam as a raw material into the gutter-like portion 21, reacting and foaming it. A board as shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured by forming the board to have a density of 30 kg/m ³ and using aluminum kraft paper as the backing material 22. On the other hand, as a comparative example, as shown in FIG. 5, a board without a stepped portion and without an end wall on the side edge in the short direction was molded. The width of the comparative example is 242 mm, which is about half of that of the example, and the width is such that when constructed, it forms a wall that has the same external appearance as the example, and the length, thickness, and material are the same as the example. The same one was used. The following tests were conducted on both boards. Namely, (a) moist heat and drying test, (b) density variation test of insulation material 23, (c) waterproofing test of vertical joint part β, (d) workability when filling with caulking material, and (e) after manufacturing. The external appearance was observed, (f) the defective product rate (viewed from the outside appearance of the butt end) was measured, and (g) the deformation during cutting was measured. The results were as shown in the table below. In addition, (A) dries at 80±5℃ for 105 minutes, and 90%
The height from the horizontal plane at the center of the decorative surface after being left in HR for 2 hours (convex shape is +, concave shape is -),
(b) shows when the density of the heat insulating material 23 is approximately constant over the entire width, and when it fluctuates greatly;
30-33Kg/m ³ , the latter being 20-40Kg/m ³ and the appearance of the decorative surface when the foam structure has many voids.
In (c), the vertical joints β and β' of the example and comparative example are formed as shown in Figure 4 a and b, respectively, and water is injected into the vertical joints β and β' at a pressure of 70 kgf. (d) is the filling time for the same length and width, (e) is the overall observation of the board, and (f) is the board that is defective due to the end surface. The ratio (g) is the deformation due to front sagging caused by cutting. [Table] [Table] In (a) and (b), if the height of the decorative surface increases or decreases by 1 mm, the shrinkage or elongation of the back material 22 in the width direction becomes 12 mm. (c) is because the foamed structure of the heat insulating material 23 is exposed at the end of the wood, resulting in poor filling and non-uniformity of the foamed structure. (Other Embodiments) What has been described above is only one embodiment of the board according to the present invention, and the board can also be formed as shown in FIGS. 4a-g to 11a-f. That is, FIGS. 6a to 6g show examples of the step portion 5, and FIGS. 6a and 6b show the angle formed by the lower end of the step piece 3 and the upper edge 4a of the recessed portion 4, or the angle formed by the decorative piece 2a and the step. A step portion 5 with a chamfered surface 5b for reinforcing the step formed at the angle formed by the upper end of the piece 3, Figures c to g show a recessed portion 4.
This is the stepped portion 5 formed as shown in the figure. Also the 7th
Figures a to c show other embodiments of the male coupling part 6 , and figure a shows the upper edge 1 of the engagement groove 10 relative to the extension part 13.
an engagement groove 10 formed so that 0a forms an angle θ ₅ ;
Figure b shows a male connecting part 6 in which a tongue piece 14 is formed in the shape of a lower seam, and figure c shows a groove part 7 in which the bottom surface 7a and the upper edge 10a of the groove part 7 are formed in parallel. Also the 8th
Figures a to g show examples of the female type connecting part 15 , and figure a shows a groove 17b formed in the middle of the upper edge 17a of the engagement groove 17 parallel to the longitudinal direction, or a rib (not shown) is formed, Female type connecting part 15 for waterproofing and strengthening of engagement force, Fig. b has a groove 1 on the lower edge 18 similar to Fig. a.
Figures 8a and 8a are female connectors 15 formed to show the innermost part of the fitting groove 17. Figures e and f are the lower and upper ends 1 of the stepped piece 16.
A female type connecting part 1 is formed with the angle formed by 7a as shown in the figure, and aims to strengthen waterproofness and level difference.
Figures 5 and g show a female connecting portion 15 formed by bending the tongue piece 19 outward. In addition, Fig. 6 a to g to 8
In Figures a to g, the thickness of the surface material 1 is omitted. 9A to 9E show modified examples of the end wall 20, in which FIG. 9A shows the end wall 20 extended to the full thickness of the cross-sectional member 23, and FIG. , an end wall 20 extending to the full width of the insulation material 23;
Figures c and d show an end wall 20 formed in a triangular shape as shown, and figure e shows an end wall 2 that does not have a fixed shape.
It is 0. Moreover, FIGS. 10 a to 10 f are end views of only the surface material 1 when cut along the Ro-Ro line in FIG. 2 a, and FIG . The end wall 2 is attached only to one end edge of the decorative surface portion 2.
0 , the surface material 1 with an outward slope of the end wall 20 is shown in FIG.
One side is formed at right angles, and the other side is inclined inwardly or outwardly.
Alternatively, although not shown, the ends of the end walls 20 on both side edges are bent briefly outward and provided with flanges 20a that function as stoppers for the caulking material 27. Furthermore, Fig. 11 a to f are board A.
In the cross-sectional embodiments of FIG. Boards A and c whose both ends are not sandwiched between the surface material 1
The figure shows board A in which one end of the back material 22 protrudes outward by ΔW from the side edge of the male connecting part 6 , and the figure d shows a board A in which the insulation material 23 is also provided on the back side of the extension part 13, making the back surface flat. Board A, e figure shows insulation material 23 as extension part 13
A reinforcing and raising piece 13a having an L-shaped cross section is provided at the tip of the extension part 13, and boards A and F are shown in FIGS.
3 is formed as shown in the figure, and when the board A is installed, the back surfaces between the boards A are flush with each other without any gaps, and are formed so that they are in close contact with the wall base.
Although not shown, a board A in which the back material 22 is not attached to the back surface of the heat insulating material 23 can also be formed. Of course, it is also possible to use a surface material that combines each of FIGS. 6 to 10. (Effect of the invention) As described above, according to the board according to the present invention,
Since at least one stepped part is formed in the decorative surface part, the strength is sufficiently reinforced, and since an end wall is provided on at least one of the side edges of the decorative piece, the decorative surface does not become mountain-like. Furthermore, since the stepped portion is provided with a hollow portion having a void, the step difference between the decorative pieces is much more enhanced than before, and the entire decorative surface has an appearance rich in three-dimensional effect. Furthermore, since the male and female joints have the above-mentioned drop-in structure, it can be easily constructed by one person, the joint width (horizontal) can be kept constant, and it is highly waterproof. In addition, when a wall is made of boards, the appearance of the step and side joints are very similar, creating a unified line on the wall, making it possible to create a wall with a beautiful appearance and a rich three-dimensional effect. Furthermore, no apparent warpage of the unevenness due to uneven distribution of the heat insulating material or residual strain caused by molding appears on the decorative surface. Additionally, there is no deformation due to front sagging when cutting the board. Moreover, caulking of vertical joints when forming a wall becomes extremely easy and reliable. There are other effects.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第１図は本発明に係るボードの一例を示す斜視
図、第２図ａ，ｂは上記ボードの表面材を説明す
る説明図、第３図は上記ボードを用いて形成した
壁体の縦断面の一部を示す説明図、第４図ａ，ｂ
は縦目地を説明する説明図、第５図は比較例を示
す斜視図、第６図ａ〜ｇ、第７図ａ〜ｃ、第８図
ａ〜ｇ、第９図ａ〜ｅ、第１０図ａ〜ｆ、第１１
図ａ〜ｆはその他の実施例を示す説明図である。Ａ……ボード、１……表面材、２……化粧面
部、２ａ……傾斜化粧片、２ｂ……傾斜化粧片、
３……段差片、４……窪部、５……段差部、６…
…雄型連結部、７……溝部、８……補強リブ、９
……差込縁、１０……係合溝、１１……下縁、１
２……延長部、１３……釘打設片、１４……舌
片、１５……雌型連結部、１６……段差片、１７
……嵌合溝、１８……下縁、１９……舌片、２０
……端面壁、２２……裏面材、２３……断熱材。 FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a board according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 a and b are explanatory diagrams explaining the surface material of the board, and FIG. 3 is a vertical cross-section of a wall formed using the board. Explanatory diagram showing a part of Figure 4 a, b
5 is a perspective view showing a comparative example, FIG. 6 a to g, FIG. 7 a to c, FIG. 8 a to g, FIG. 9 a to e, and FIG. Figures a-f, 11th
Figures a to f are explanatory diagrams showing other embodiments. A... board, 1 ... surface material, 2 ... decorative surface section, 2a... inclined decorative piece, 2b... inclined decorative piece,
3... Step piece, 4... Recessed part, 5... Step part, 6 ...
...Male connecting part, 7...Groove part, 8...Reinforcement rib, 9
...Insert edge, 10...Engagement groove, 11...Lower edge, 1
2... Extension part, 13... Nailing piece, 14... Tongue piece, 15 ... Female connecting part, 16... Step piece, 17
... Fitting groove, 18 ... Lower edge, 19 ... Tongue piece, 20
... End wall, 22 ... Back material, 23 ... Insulation material.

Claims

[Claims]

1 A stepped piece 3 in which a step is formed on the surface of an elongated plate parallel to the longitudinal direction of the surface, and the lower end of the stepped piece 3 is folded inward and then outward to form a recess with a substantially U-shaped cross section. a decorative surface part 2 in which at least one stepped part 5 having a 4 is disposed and the surface is formed in a step-like manner from two or more decorative pieces 2a, 2b , and the decorative surface part 2
An engagement formed by an insertion edge 9 having a groove 7 in which one end edge is recessed parallel to the longitudinal direction and having a generally concave cross section, and the tip of the insertion edge 9 being bent inward to have an approximately U-shaped cross section. Groove 1
0 and an extension portion 12 that directly protrudes the lower edge 11 of the engagement groove 10 to the outside.
A step piece 16 whose other end edge of the decorative surface portion 2 is bent inward, and a fitting groove 17 which fits into the insertion edge 9 whose tip end of the step piece 16 is bent inward to have a substantially U-shaped cross section. A surface material 1 having a gutter-like cross section formed from a female connecting portion 15 provided, a heat insulating material 23 filled on the back side of the surface material 1 , and a back material 22 covering the back surface of the heat insulating material 23. A siding board formed by integrating the decorative pieces 2a and 2b of the decorative surface portion 2 , wherein at least one side end edge of the decorative pieces 2a and 2b is bent inward to form an end wall 20.