JPH0515281B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Technical Field The present invention relates to a polarized electromagnet suitable for use in relays and the like.

BACKGROUND ART FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the structure of a polarized electromagnet according to the prior art. The polarized electrode 51 includes a first yoke 52 having a U-shape, a second yoke 53 disposed inside the first yoke 52 and having a U-shape, and the first yoke 52 and the second yoke 53. The permanent magnet piece 54 is sandwiched and fixed between the permanent magnet piece 54 and the opposing surfaces of the first yoke 52 and the second yoke 53. Inverted U that can be reciprocated in the direction indicated by C
It is constituted by an armature 55 having a letter shape.

End portions 58a, 58b; 59a, 59b of the first yoke 52 and the second yoke 53, which are connected by the magnetic poles N, S of the permanent magnet piece 54;
As shown in the figure, magnetic poles N and S are respectively formed on the armature 55, and a coil 56 is wound around the armature 55 so as to be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the inverted U-shaped abdomen.

FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the operation of the conventional polarized electromagnet 51. FIG. 7 shows a side view of the polarized electromagnet 51 shown in FIG. 6 above, and corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals. first yoke 52,
Each end 58a, 58b of the second yoke 53; 59
As shown in the figure, magnetic poles a, 59, and b are formed by magnetic poles N and S of the permanent magnet pieces 54 that are connected to each other.

Due to the suction force, one end 57a of the armature 55 is separated from one end 58a of the first yoke 52 and is in contact with one end 59a of the second yoke 53, and the other end 57b is separated from the one end 58a of the first yoke 52. The other end 58 of 52
b and is separated from the other end 59b of the second yoke 53. Gaps 60 and 61 are formed between opposing ends 58a and 59a; 6
It is guided so that it can be reciprocated in the direction shown by arrow C within 0.61.

When a current in the direction indicated by arrow A is passed through the coil 56 wound around the armature 55 in FIG. 7, the armature 55 is magnetized, and its ends 57a,
At 57b, magnetic poles N and S as shown, respectively, appear. For this reason, one end 5 of the armature 55
The magnetic pole 7b is repelled because it is the same N magnetic pole as the end 58b of the first yoke 52, and is attracted to the opposite end 59b of the second yoke 53 because it has a different polarity.

Similarly, the other end 57a of the armature 55
is repelled by the end 59a of the second yoke 53 and attracted by the end 58a of the first yoke 52. Therefore, the armature 55 is displaced in the direction shown by the arrow f by the above-mentioned attractive force and repulsive force.
If the direction of the current i flowing through the coil 56 is reversed,
It is obvious that the opposite operation is performed.

A plate spring (not shown) having a movable contact is moved by such an armature 55 that can be reciprocated,
By providing a fixed contact (not shown) corresponding to the movable contact, a relay that operates when the coil 56 is energized can be realized. The polarized electromagnet according to the prior art performs a desired operation by reciprocating the armature using only the attraction and repulsion forces between the armature 55 and the yokes 52 and 53.

However, the above-mentioned polar electromagnet is operated by utilizing the attractive force or repulsive force obtained by energizing the coil 56 wound around the armature 55. Therefore, in order to increase the operating speed, the attractive force must be strengthened, and methods such as increasing the magnetic flux or increasing the facing area can be considered, but in order to increase the magnetic flux, it is necessary to use a strong magnet. (Rare earth metals, alkone metals) increases production costs. Increasing the opposing area causes problems of increased size and high cost.

FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the displacement amount (stroke) of the armature 55 of the polarized electromagnet and the attraction force according to the prior art. In Figure 7, Amachiya 55
The repulsive force acting on is shown as an attractive force in the negative direction. If you try to increase the attraction force to increase the operating speed by enlarging the area or increasing the magnetic flux, the attraction force characteristics will change from the previous solid line graph indicated by reference mark l11 to 2, indicated by reference mark l12. The graph changes to a dotted chain line, and as the armature 55 moves and approaches end A or end B, the rise or fall of the graph becomes steeper, and the difference g from the suction force up to that point becomes larger.

When a polarized electromagnet with such characteristics is used in a relay etc., the displacement (stroke) of the armature 55
The ratio of change in attraction force to change in is too large, making it difficult to match with the leaf spring load. Therefore, a method has been used to suppress the increase in suction force at the edges by attaching a residial plate to the contact surface, but if it is used frequently, the problem of abrasion of the plate arises and the change in characteristics becomes large. I end up.

In addition, in the polarized electromagnet according to the above-mentioned prior art, since the yokes 52 and 53 forming the magnetic path are arranged in parallel, the opposite parts of the yokes are shown by arrows e and d as shown in FIG. Leakage magnetic flux occurs as shown by the broken line, and the magnetic flux that contributes to speed improvement decreases, resulting in poor efficiency and slow operation speed.

Furthermore, there were other problems such as the need for bending of the armature 55, which affected production costs.

Purpose The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and to provide a polarized electromagnet that has less leakage magnetic flux, does not cause large changes in attractive force with respect to changes in armature displacement, and can operate at high speed. be.

Embodiment FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a polarized electromagnet 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The polarized electromagnet 1 sandwiches a permanent magnet 4, and has a first yoke 2 and a second yoke as yoke means connected to each one of the magnetic poles and fixed by rotating each other by 90 degrees, each forming a U-shape. The yoke 3 and the end 8 as a magnetic pole end of the first yoke 2
An armature is guided so as to be horizontally reciprocating in the direction indicated by arrow a between the ends 8a and 8b of the first yoke 2 by support members 10a and 10b provided at a and 8b and a guide member (not shown). It consists of 5.

Each end 8 of the first yoke 2 and the second yoke 3
a, 8b; 9a, 9b are connected permanent magnet pieces 4
, and magnetic poles N and S are formed as shown in the figure.

The armature 5 is formed in an I-shape, and its recess 12
A coil 6 is wound around a and 12b along the second arrangement direction, and each end 7a and 7b as a contact end of the armature 5 is connected to the second yoke 2 via support members 10a and 10b. It faces the ends 8a and 8b.

What should be noted in this embodiment is that the two U-shaped yokes 2 and 3 constituting the yoke means are orthogonal to each other, the direction of reciprocating displacement of the armature 5 is along the first yoke arrangement direction, and the second The coil 6 is wound along the arrangement direction. Its effect will be described later.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the operation of the polar electromagnet 1 according to this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the polarized electromagnet 1 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG.
This is an enlarged view of the vicinity of
Parts corresponding to those in the figures are given the same reference numerals. However, the coil 6 wound between the recesses 12a and 12b
The cross sections of conductive wires as strands forming the coil 6 are shown as conductive wires 21a and 21b.

Next, the operation will be explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. When a current i is passed through a coil 6 (not shown) in the direction indicated by an arrow R in FIG. 2, the armature 5 is magnetized, and magnetic poles N, S as shown appear at each end 7a, 7b. Before the current i is passed through the armature 5, its end 7a contacts one end 8a of the first yoke 2, as shown in FIG.
If it is separated from the other end 8b and is in contact with each end 9a, 9b of the second yoke 3, the end 7a is magnetized by the current i, and the end 7a becomes the end 8a of the first yoke 2. A repulsive force from the yoke 3 and an attractive force from the ends 9a and 9b of the second yoke 3 act.

Further, the end portion 7b is the end portion 9a, 9b of the second yoke 3.
The repulsive force from the end 8b of the first yoke 2 and the suction force from the end 8b of the first yoke 2 act on the armature 5, and a force in the direction indicated by the arrow f1 acts on the armature 5 as a whole.
Displaced in the direction of f1. One end 7a is separated from the end 8a of the first yoke 2 and comes into contact with the ends 9a, 9b of the second yoke 3, and the other end 7b is separated from the ends 9a, 9b of the second yoke 3, It comes into contact with the end 8b of the first yoke 2. It is clear that if the direction of the coil current i is reversed, the opposite operation will occur.

What should be noted here is the magnetic field in the recesses 12a, 12b and the coil current i flowing through the conductors 21a, 21b.
This is the electromagnetic force generated by

Referring to FIG. 3, one recess 1 of the armature 5
2a, conductive wires 21a are arranged in a plurality of rows in a direction perpendicular to the paper, and the current during operation will be described as flowing from the back to the front of the paper as shown.

The end 9a of the second yoke 3 is magnetized by a permanent magnet 4 (not shown) to form a magnetic pole S. Therefore, the magnetic flux φ from the first yoke 2 forming the magnetic pole N is directed toward the end 9a, and this magnetic flux φ is perpendicular to the conducting wire 21a. Therefore, due to the coil current i and magnetic flux φ flowing through the conductor 21a, the conductor 21 receives an electromagnetic force F1=Bil (1) according to Fleming's left-hand rule. However, l is the length of the recess 12a of the conductive wire 21a, that is, the length corresponding to the thickness of the armature 5 multiplied by the number of turns n.

The direction of the electromagnetic force F1 shown in the first equation above is the same direction as the force shown by the above-mentioned arrow f1. The electromagnetic force F2 generated in the other recess 12b (not shown) is generated in the same manner, and its direction is the same as the above-mentioned electromagnetic force F1. In this way, in addition to the attractive force or the repulsive force, the electromagnetic forces F1 and F2 according to Fleming's left-hand rule are applied to the armature 5, so that the force acting on the armature 5 increases.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the displacement (stroke) of the armature 5 of the polarized magnet 1 and the attractive force according to this embodiment. In FIG. 4, the repulsive force acting on the armature 5 is shown as an attractive force in the negative direction.

The solid line indicated by the reference mark l1 indicates the magnetic attraction force when the coil current i of the armature 5 is 0, and the solid line indicated by the reference mark
The two-dot chain lines indicated by l2 and l4 indicate only the attraction force when coil currents of the same value are passed in opposite directions, and are indicated by reference numeral l11 in the eighth figure described in the prior art section. This is the same trend. On the other hand, in this embodiment, as mentioned above, in addition to the conventional attractive force, electromagnetic force F according to Fleming's left-hand rule is added, so the overall attractive force increases by △f, and as shown in FIG.
The solid lines shown by l3 and l5 show a remarkable tendency for the suction force to increase.

Furthermore, this increase does not occur as a steep rise or fall as in the prior art at ends A and B, but rather follows a nearly parallel movement, making it easy to match with a leaf spring load when applied to a relay, etc. .
Further, fluctuations and variations in the suction force at the ends A and B are reduced, and high-speed operation is realized by increasing the suction force.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is similar to the previous embodiment, and corresponding parts are provided with the same reference numerals. What should be noted in this embodiment is the coil 6 wound around the coil bobbin 11.
is fixed between both ends 9a and 9b of the second yoke 3, and the recessed portion of the armature 5 passes through the coil bobbin 11, making it possible to reciprocate in the direction shown by arrow a.

Since the coil 6 is thereby fixed, the method of supplying power to the coil 6 becomes simple, breakage of the conducting wire is prevented, and a long life is achieved. Further, it is possible to make the coil bobbin 6 also serve as a guide member for the armature 5, which can contribute to cost reduction. Moreover, since the two yokes 2 and 3 are attached by rotating them by 90 degrees, the leakage magnetic flux generated at the opposing yokes is suppressed, unlike in the conventional technology.
All of the magnetic flux contributes to increasing the attractive force, further increasing the operating speed.

Effects As described above, according to the present invention, by energizing the coil wound around the armature, the armature is magnetized in the first arrangement direction. A magnetic repulsion force and a magnetic attraction force are respectively generated between the magnetic pole generated in the armature due to this magnetization and the first and second magnetic pole end portions of the yoke means facing the magnetic pole. By switching the direction in which the coil is energized, the armature is reciprocated along the first arrangement direction.

Due to the energization and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet piece, a force according to Fleming's left-hand rule acts on a portion of the coil that faces the third and fourth magnetic pole tips along the first arrangement direction of the armature bodies. The reciprocating displacement is also achieved by this force. In other words, it was possible to significantly speed up the operation of the armature.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing the structure of a polarized electromagnet 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the operation of this embodiment, and FIG. 4 is a diagram according to this embodiment. A graph showing the relationship between the displacement amount (stroke) of the armature 5 and the attraction force, FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a polarized electromagnet 5 of the prior art.
7 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the prior art, FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the displacement amount (stroke) of the armature 55 and the suction force of the prior art, and FIG. The figure is a diagram showing problems with the conventional technology. 1,51...Polarized electromagnet, 2,52...First yoke, 3,53...Second yoke, 4,54...Permanent magnet piece, 5,55...Amateur, 6,56...
Coil, 11...Coil bobbin.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A pair of first and second magnetic pole tips arranged at intervals in a first arrangement direction, and arranged at intervals in a second arrangement direction intersecting the first arrangement direction. a pair of third and fourth magnetic pole tips, a first magnetic pole tip, a second magnetic pole tip, a third magnetic pole tip and a fourth magnetic pole tip;
yoke means including a permanent magnet piece that magnetizes the magnetic pole end portions to have opposite polarities; an armature body extending along the first arrangement direction; and third and fourth armatures connected to the armature body,
an armature that has an armature end facing the magnetic pole end and is movable along the first arrangement direction; and a wire extending along the second arrangement direction is wound around the armature main body. A polarized electromagnet characterized by including a coil.