JPH0551038B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a plant rhizosphere soil conditioner that improves the rhizosphere soil of plants and suppresses the occurrence of continuous cropping disorders and plant diseases. This invention relates to a plant rhizosphere soil improver that improves the rhizosphere soil of plants and enables continuous cropping. [Technical Background and Description of Prior Art] In plant cultivation, we have developed a phenomenon in which the growth of the same plant that was grown in the previous year is cultivated in the same soil (continuous cropping), resulting in an extremely poor growth (continuous cropping disorder). arise. It is said that this continuous cropping failure is most often caused by soil-transmitted filamentous fungi. [Katsuo Ui; Soil and Microorganisms, Vol. 22, pp. 31-37 (1980),
Noriji Ae; Environmental control using microorganisms, Management manual (Environmental Technology Research Group), pp. 434-441 (1984)] In order to prevent such continuous cropping problems, the soil should be completely sterilized. It is possible that
It is not possible to completely sterilize the entire soil used for cultivation, and even if it were possible, other useful microorganisms in the soil would also be killed by completely sterilizing the soil. Subsequent plant cultivation becomes difficult. Therefore, an attempt was made to selectively sterilize soil-transmitted filamentous fungi by applying chemicals [Yasaburo Narita, Japanese Journal of Soil and Fertilization, Vol. 54, No. 2 (1983)].
In the case of chemical sterilization, the occurrence of drug damage, improvement of bacterial resistance,
Problems with the occurrence of pollution and economic efficiency are occurring frequently, and in reality, there is an increasing need to control soil-transmitted filamentous fungi ecologically. Regarding the occurrence of continuous cropping disorders and other plant diseases, we have learned that if plants do not absorb enough nutrients, their growth will be poor and their resistance to various diseases will decline. teeth,
There are bacteria that have a strong survival relationship with plant pathogens and eat them, and that the growth of plant pathogens is significantly reduced if their own secretions are included in the growth medium. There are bacteria that grow by using the secretions and toxins produced by pathogenic bacteria, and when these bacteria grow, the growth of the plant pathogen is suppressed.When the plant body absorbs the toxins produced by the plant pathogen, Plants themselves produce substances that are thought to be a type of antibody and exhibit remarkable resistance to diseases, and the presence of a substrate for actinobacteria, which has a strong anti-inflammatory relationship with plant pathogens, causes actinobacteria to proliferate in the soil. We have discovered that bioactive substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, and hormones, as well as Verteicillium albo secretions or toxins of plant pathogenic bacteria such as Atrum, Cladosporium fulvum, Cercospora zonaita, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae and Cladosporium; Bacteria that grow well in the secretions or toxins produced by the plant, and have strong anti-inflammatory relationships with plant pathogens such as Streptomyces fradiae, Streptomyces globisporus, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces albus, and Streptomyces cellulose. actiobacteria, etugalbumin, starch, casein medium,
A fertilizer containing chitin and photosynthetic bacteria has been developed. (Special Publication No. 57-10077) The present inventor has continued research on the occurrence of continuous cropping disorders and plant diseases, and in this research has
chroococcum), Rhizobium japonicum,
(Rhizobium japonicum), Alcaligenes faecailis, Micrococcus varians,
Myxococcus xanthus
xanthus), Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium
Bacteria or filamentous fungi such as Oospora granulatum, Geotrichem candidum, and Oospora auratia have an anti-inflammatory relationship with plant pathogens, and when these microorganisms grow, the growth of plant pathogens is suppressed. In addition, materials such as crab shell, chitin, gelatin, raw bone meal, steamed bone meal, feather meal, pupa meal, seaweed meal, castor oil meal, and peanut husk are present in the soil along with the above-mentioned bacteria that have a strong relationship with plant pathogens. As a result, the above-mentioned bacteria grow vigorously, and the occurrence of plant diseases is suppressed, and materials such as rice bran, rapeseed oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, fish meal, meat meal, and sawdust have anti-inflammatory relationships with plant pathogenic bacteria. When present in the soil together with the above filamentous fungi, the above filamentous fungi will grow vigorously, and similarly to the above, the occurrence of plant diseases will be suppressed. When applied, the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria is suppressed and the occurrence of plant diseases is suppressed, and when the above-mentioned filamentous fungi or bacteria that have an anti-inflammatory relationship with plant pathogenic bacteria are used in this fermentation, the growth of plant pathogenic bacteria is suppressed. It was also found that the suppression of the occurrence of plant diseases is even more powerful, and based on these findings, the present invention has been achieved. [Objective of the Invention and Summary of the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a plant rhizosphere soil conditioner that can prevent continuous cropping failure and the occurrence of plant diseases. To provide a plant rhizosphere soil improver that enables continuous cropping of plants that cannot be cultivated continuously. The present invention relates to Azotobacter croococcum,
Rhizobium japonicum, Alcaligenes
Viable cells or spores of microorganisms selected from the group consisting of Phaaecaris, Micrococcus variens, Myxococcus xanthus, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium granulatum, Geotricium candidum, Oospora auranteia, and mixtures thereof. It is a plant rhizosphere soil conditioner that uses it as an active ingredient. In the plant rhizosphere soil conditioner of the present invention, the viable cells or spores of the microorganism are selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, charcoal powder, and mixtures thereof. It can be adsorbed or absorbed by these materials. In addition, the viable cells or spores of the above-mentioned microorganisms can be further used in crab shell, chitin, gelatin, raw bone meal, steamed bone meal, feather meal, pupa meal, seaweed meal, castor oil meal, peanut raw skin, rice bran, rapeseed oil meal, cottonseed oil meal,
It is mixed with a material selected from the group consisting of fish meal, meat meal, sawdust, and mixtures thereof, and improves the survival of the above-mentioned microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil conditioner, as well as inhibits the growth of the above-mentioned microorganisms in the soil. It can also be promoted and encouraged. Furthermore, the viable cells or spores of the microorganisms mentioned above are mixed with a physiologically active substance selected from the group consisting of amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones, and mixtures thereof necessary for plant growth, and the effect of controlling the occurrence of plant diseases is obtained. can also be improved. [Specific Description of the Invention] The rhizosphere soil conditioner of the present invention is produced as follows. In the culture tank, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus versicolor, and Penicillium
granulatum), Geotrichum candidum, Oospora aurantia, Bacillus megaterium, Azotobacter
chroococcum), Rhizobium japonicum, Alcaligenes faecalis, Micrococcus varians or Myxococcus
xanthus), inoculated with precultures or conidia of one or more types of filamentous fungi or bacteria that have an anti-inflammatory relationship with these plant pathogens, and at a temperature of 24 to 30°C. The cells are cultured aerobically to obtain a culture solution in which the number of cells of these filamentous fungi or bacteria has increased. This culture solution is mixed with a suitable material, and after absorbing the living cells of filamentous fungi or bacteria into the material, it is dried at a temperature that does not kill the filamentous fungi or bacteria (preferably below 30°C), and the rhizosphere soil of plants is improved. get the agent. If these filamentous fungi or bacteria have the ability to form spores, the materials that have absorbed these filamentous fungi or bacteria should be subjected to conditions that will allow them to form spores, such as drying in which the moisture content of the material is further reduced. The spores can be assumed to have been absorbed or adsorbed onto the material. Any liquid medium can be used for culturing these filamentous fungi or bacteria as long as the respective filamentous fungi or bacteria can grow and multiply, but for example, When culturing filamentous fungi, _{3g of} NaNO3,
K ₂ HPO ₄ 1g, MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.5g, KCl 0.5
g, FeSO ₄ 7H ₂ O 0.01g and seuclose
It is preferable to use a liquid medium such as 30g dissolved in 1 part distilled water. When culturing the above bacteria, use a liquid medium prepared by dissolving 5 g of peptone, 3 g of yeast extract, 3 g of meat extract, and 10 g of glucose in 1 part of distilled water, or 10 g of mannitrate, K ₂ HPO ₄
It is preferable to use a liquid medium prepared by dissolving 0.5 g of MgSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, 0.1 g of NaCl, and 1 g of yeast extract in one part of distilled water. Materials that absorb or adsorb live filamentous fungi or bacteria by mixing with the culture solution obtained by culturing are materials that can preserve the filamentous fungi or bacteria in a living state without killing them. Although any material can be used, it is preferred to use montmorillonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon or charcoal powder. The plant rhizosphere soil improver of the present invention includes crabgrass, crabgrass,
Materials for promoting the growth of bacteria that are anti-toxin to plant pathogens, such as chitin, gelatin, raw bone meal, steamed bone meal, feather meal, pupa meal, seaweed meal, castor oil meal, and peanut raw skin, and/or rice bran, rapeseed oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, and fish. It can be mixed with a growth-promoting material for filamentous fungi that has a strong relationship with plant pathogenic bacteria, such as lees, meat dregs, or sawdust, to form a mixture in which these bacteria or filamentous fungi can grow well. Rhizosphere soil conditioners containing these growth-promoting materials will promote the growth of filamentous fungi or bacteria that have an anti-inflammatory relationship with plant pathogenic bacteria in the soil.
It is possible to strongly suppress the occurrence of continuous cropping failure or plant diseases. The plant rhizosphere soil conditioner of the present invention can also be in the form of a mixture or fertilizer in which it is further mixed with physiologically active substances such as amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, or hormones necessary for plant growth, or with fertilizers. When a plant rhizosphere soil conditioner or fertilizer containing these physiologically active substances or fertilizers is applied, the plants grow smoothly and the occurrence of plant diseases can be more strongly suppressed. The plant rhizosphere soil conditioner of the present invention is generally applied to the soil before sowing or transplanting of agricultural crops, but it is applied to the soil where the plants have already been planted so as not to damage the roots of the plants. It can also be applied by digging holes or trenches and covering with soil. When applying a plant rhizosphere soil conditioner, it is preferable to thoroughly mix it with the soil that forms the plant rhizosphere. The amount of application of the rhizosphere soil conditioner of the present invention is such that filamentous fungi or bacteria in the rhizosphere soil conditioner that have an anti-inflammatory relationship with plant pathogenic bacteria proliferate in the soil, and this causes an anti-inflammatory relationship with the plant pathogenic bacteria in the soil. It is not necessary to use a fixed amount, but it is preferable to apply the amount so that the amount of culture solution per 10 ares is 1 or more. It can also be applied intensively to planting holes or furrows to achieve a large effect with a small amount of application. In the following, according to test examples that can replace the examples,
The present invention will be explained in more detail, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Test Example 1 The type of filamentous fungi applied to soil and the state of growth of plant fungi were investigated. (1) Preparation of test sample Trichoderma pyride test sample (A) (Composition of liquid medium) NaNO ₃ 3g K ₂ HPO ₄ 1g MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.5g KCl 0.5g FeSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.01g Seuculose 30g Distilled water 1000ml Add Trichoderma to 100ml of liquid medium with the above composition.
Inoculated with Viride (IFO 5720) and grown at 96°C at 27°C.
Shaking culture was performed for hours to obtain 100 ml of culture solution. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (A). Aspergillus persicolor test sample (B) Aspergillus persicolor (IFO 4105)
and test sample in the same manner as test sample (A).
(B) was prepared. Penicillium granulatum test sample (C) Penicillium granulatum (IFO 7725)
and test sample in the same manner as test sample (A).
(C) was prepared. Test sample of Geotricium candidum
(D) Geotrichum candidum (IFO 4597)
and test sample in the same manner as test sample (A).
(D) was prepared. Test sample (E) of Ospora auranteia Using Ospora aurantia (IFO 4606), test sample (E) in the same manner as test sample (A).
was prepared. (2) Test method Setting up the test area Put 4 kg of red yellow soil into a 1/5000a Wagner pot, inoculate it with 8000 spores of Fusarium oxysporum F.S. spinaceae (IFO 30467), a spinach fungus. After one week, rapeseed oil cake (total nitrogen: 5%, total phosphoric acid: 2
%, total potassium: 1%) 5g, ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%) 0.7g, superphosphate lime (total phosphoric acid:
1.8 g of potassium sulfate (17%, soluble phosphoric acid: 14%) and 0.7 g of potassium sulfate (total potassium: 51%, water-soluble potassium: 51%) were added to the Wagner pot and mixed well with the soil. Add 100g of the test sample from (1) above to this waggle pot,
It was mixed well with soil and used as a test plot. The amount of fertilizer applied per 10a in each test plot is
Total nitrogen was 20 kg, total phosphoric acid was 20 kg, and total potassium was 20 kg. Establishment of control plot A control plot was prepared in the same manner as in the test plot described above except that no test sample was added. Test method The test was conducted in 10 series for each test plot and control plot. Two weeks after application of fertilizer and test samples, 10 seeds/pot of spinach (Jiromaru variety) were sown in each Wagner pot, and two weeks later, after a germination test, all but two seeds per pot were sown. Cultivation was continued for an additional 54 days with thinning. Thereafter, the occurrence of spinach blight and the growth state of spinach in each Wagner pot were investigated, and 1 g of soil was taken from each Wagner pot and the number of soil microorganisms therein was investigated using the dilution plate method. (3) Test results The test results were as shown in Table 1.

[Table] In Table 1, aboveground fresh weight and number of leaves are 1
The underground fresh weight is the average value for two pieces. According to Table 1, in the test plots to which each of the above test samples was applied, the occurrence of spinach blight and the number of viable pathogens in the soil were significantly reduced compared to the control plots, and spinach growth was significantly reduced. It was also good. Test Example 2 Growth promoting substances added to microorganisms applied to soil and the occurrence of plant diseases were investigated. (1) Preparation of test sample Rice bran test sample Rice bran (total nitrogen: 1 kg) was added to 1 kg of the test sample (A) of Test Example 1.
%, total phosphoric acid: 4%, total potassium: 2%) were added and mixed well to prepare a test sample (A-1). Test sample (B), test sample (C), test sample of Test Example 1
Using (D) and test sample (E), test sample (B-1), test sample (C-1), test sample (D-1) and test sample (E-1) were prepared in the same manner as above. And so. Test sample of cottonseed oil cake 1 kg of test sample (A) of Test Example 1 was added with 100 g of cotton seed oil cake (total nitrogen: 5%, total phosphoric acid: 2%, total potassium 1%)
was added and mixed well to prepare a test sample (A-2). Test sample (B), test sample (C), test sample of Test Example 1
Using (D) and test sample (E), test sample (B-2), test sample (C-2), test sample (D-2) and test sample (E-2) were prepared in the same manner as above. did. (2) Test method Setting up the test plot 4 kg of red and yellow soil was placed in a 1/5000a Wagner pot, and 80,000 spores of Fusarium oxysporum F.S. spinaceae (IFO 30467), a spinach fungus, were inoculated into it. After one week, 1.5 g of ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%),
Superphosphate lime (total phosphoric acid: 17%, soluble phosphoric acid:
Add 0.8 g of potassium sulfate (14%) and 0.6 g of potassium sulfate (total potassium: 51%, 51% water-soluble potassium) to a Wagner pot,
Mix well with soil. Said to this Wagner pot
100 g of the test sample from (1) was added, and the shortage was supplemented with ammonium sulfate, peroxide, and sulfur, and the mixture was thoroughly mixed with soil to prepare a test plot. The amount of fertilizer applied per 10a in each test plot is
Total nitrogen was 25 kg, total phosphoric acid was 25 kg, and total potassium was 25 kg. Control area setting Ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%) 2.4g, superphosphate lime (total phosphoric acid: 17%, soluble phosphoric acid: 14
%) and 0.98 g of potassium sulfate (total potassium: 51%, water-soluble potassium: 51%) were applied to the Wagner pot, and the test sample in (1) above was not applied. Process in the same way as the settings for
This was used as a control area. The amount of fertilizer applied per 10 acres in the control plot was 25 kg of total nitrogen, 25 kg of total phosphoric acid, and 25 kg of total potassium, which were the same as in each test plot. Test method The test was conducted in the same manner as Test Example 1. (3) Test results The test results are shown in Table 2.

[Table] In Table 2, aboveground fresh weight and number of leaves are the average values per one plant including dead ones, and underground fresh weights are the average values per two plants including dead plants. According to Table 2, in the test plots where each test sample was applied, the occurrence of spinach blight and the number of viable pathogens were significantly reduced, and the growth of spinach was also good, compared to the control plots. Ta. Similar tests were conducted by changing the soil and plant varieties used in the test, and by changing the growth-promoting substances added to the microorganisms to rapeseed oil meal, fish meal, meat meal, and sawdust, but the results were similar in each case. The results were obtained. Test Example 3 The type of bacteria applied to soil and the occurrence of plant diseases were investigated. (1) Preparation of test sample Test sample (F) of Bacillus megaterium (composition of liquid medium) Pepto 5g Yeast extract 3g Meat extract 3g Glucose 10g Distilled water 1000ml Add Bacillus megaterium to 100ml of liquid medium (PH: 7.0) with the above composition. Inoculated with Megatherium (IFO 13498), 30
Culture with aeration for 76 hours at ℃, and add 100 ml of culture solution.
I got it. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (F). Azotobacter croococcum test sample
(G) (Composition of liquid medium) Glucose 10g K ₂ HPO ₄ 1g MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.2g Yeast extract 0.1g CaCO ₃ 1g NaCl 0.2g Na ₂ MoO ₄・2H ₂ O 0.005g Distilled water 1000ml Above composition Azotobacter croococcum (IFO 12994) was inoculated into 100 ml of a liquid medium (PH: 7.2) and cultured with aeration at 30°C for 76 hours to obtain 100 ml of a culture solution. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (G). Rhizobium japonicum test sample (H) (composition of liquid medium) Mannite 10.0g K ₂ HPO ₄ 0.5g MgSO ₄・7H ₂ O 0.2g NaCl 0.1g Yeast extract 1g Distilled water 1000ml Liquid medium with the above composition (PH: 6.8) Inoculate Rhizobium japonicum (IFO 13338) in 100 ml, culture with aeration at 30℃ for 76 hours, and remove the culture solution.
Obtained 100ml. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (H). Test sample for Pseudomonas fluorescens ((I)) (Composition of liquid medium) Peptone 5g Yeast extract 3g Meat extract 3g Glucose 10g Distilled water 1000ml Add Pseudomonas fluorescens to 100ml of liquid medium with the above composition (PH: 7.0) (IFO 3081) was inoculated and cultured with aeration at 30°C for 76 hours to obtain 100 ml of culture solution. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (I). Test sample of Alcaligenes faecalis (J) (Composition of liquid medium) Peptone 5g Yeast extract 3g Meat extract 3g Glucose 10g Distilled water 1000ml 100ml of liquid medium (PH: 7.0) with the above composition was inoculated with Alcaligenes faecalis (IFO 13111) Cultured with aeration at 30°C for 76 hours, and the culture solution
Obtained 100ml. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (J). Micrococcus variance test sample (K) (Composition of liquid medium) Peptone 5g Yeast extract 3g Meat extract 3g Glucose 10g Distilled water 1000ml Inoculate Micrococcus variance (IFO 3765) into 100ml of liquid medium (PH: 7.0) with the above composition. death,
Culture with aeration at 30°C for 76 hours, and reduce the culture solution to 100%
Got ml. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (K). Myxococcus xanthus test sample (L) (Liquid medium composition) Casitone (DIFCO) 20g MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O 1g 0.01M potassium phosphate buffer (PH: 7.2)
1000 ml Myxococcus xanthus (IFO 13542) was inoculated into 100 ml of a liquid medium having the above composition, and cultured with aeration at 30°C for 76 hours to obtain 100 ml of a culture solution. 50 ml of this culture solution was added to 5 kg of vermiculite and mixed to prepare a test sample (L). Mixed bacteria test sample (M) culture solution of Bacillus megaterium, culture solution of Azotobacter croococcicum, culture solution of Rhizobium japonicum, culture solution of Pseudomonas fluorescens, culture solution of Alcaligenes faecalis, Mix 100 ml each of the culture solution of Micrococcus variens and the culture solution of Myxococcus xanthus,
A culture solution of mixed bacteria was obtained. Add 100ml of the culture solution of this mixed bacteria to vermiculite.
10 kg and mixed to prepare a test sample (M). (2) Test method Setting up the test plot Fill a 1/5000a Wagner pot with 4 kg of cucumber seedling damping-off soil, add 5 g of rapeseed oil cake, 1.2 g of ammonium sulfate (total nitrogen: 21%), superphosphate lime (total phosphoric acid: 17%, soluble phosphoric acid: 14%) 2.4
g and 0.9 g of potassium sulfate (total potassium: 51%),
Mix well with soil. Said above to this Wagner pot
100g of the test sample from (1) was added and mixed well with soil. The amount of fertilizer applied per 10 acres in each test plot was 25 kg of total nitrogen, 25 kg of total phosphorus, and 25 kg of total potassium. Establishment of control plot In setting up the test plot above, a control plot was set up in the same manner as in setting up the test plot in (1) above, except that the test sample of (1) above was not added. The amount of fertilizer applied per 10 acres in the control plot was 25 Kg of total nitrogen, 25 Kg of total phosphorus, and 25 Kg of total potassium, which were the same as in each test plot. Test method The test was conducted in both test and control plots, each containing 10 consecutive plots. Five days after application of the fertilizer, 10 seeds/pot of Kiyu (Kiyu cucumber species) were sown in all pots in the test and control plots, and germination studies were conducted until 2 weeks after sowing. . After that, all the pots were thinned out except for one plant/pot, and cultivation was continued for an additional 37 days, and a growth survey of cucumbers was conducted. (3) Test results The test results were as shown in Table 3.

〔Effect of the invention〕

Since it is possible to prevent the occurrence of continuous cropping failure of plants and the occurrence of plant diseases, even if the plants cannot be continuously cultivated, the same plants can be cultivated again (continuously cultivated) in the same soil that was cultivated in the previous year.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Azotobacter chlorococticum, Rhizobium japonicum, Alcaligenes faecalis, Micrococcus variens, Myxococcus xanthus, Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium granulatum, Geotricium candidum,
A rhizosphere soil conditioner for plants, characterized in that the active ingredient is viable cells or spores of a microorganism selected from the group consisting of Ospora auranteia and a mixture thereof. 2. Live cells or spores of the microorganisms described above are mixed with a material selected from the group consisting of montmorillonite, vermiculite, zeolite, perlite, diatomaceous earth, activated carbon, charcoal powder, and mixtures thereof. A plant rhizosphere soil conditioner according to claim 1. 3. Viable cells or spores of the above-mentioned microorganisms include crab shell, chitin, gelatin, raw bone meal, steamed bone meal, feather meal, pupa meal, seaweed meal, castor oil meal, peanut raw skin, rice bran, rapeseed oil meal, cottonseed oil meal, fish meal, and meat. The rhizosphere soil conditioner for plants according to claim 1 or 2, which is mixed with a microbial growth promoting material selected from the group consisting of lees, sawdust, and mixtures thereof. . 4. The living cells or spores of the above-mentioned microorganisms are mixed with physiologically active substances selected from the group consisting of amino acids, nucleic acids, vitamins, hormones, and mixtures thereof necessary for plant growth. A plant rhizosphere soil improver according to any one of claims 1 to 3.