JPH0579780B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention provides a method for conveniently fixing an additional roof panel covering an additional part of the house adjacent to the main part of the house onto the additional wall of the additional part of the house. Regarding roof structures.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Houses constructed using the so-called prefabricated construction method, in which houses are constructed by assembling parts produced in factories, are often used. In addition, even in such prefabricated houses, it is desired to change the living area and diversify the appearance according to the tastes of the residents. On the other hand, among the prefabricated houses, there is standardized housing, which was previously promoted as a national project by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Construction, with the main purpose of reducing housing costs and improving quality. However, such standardized housing, for example,
As shown in the figure, for example, by building a two-story house, costs are reduced, and as a result, the exterior tends to have little change.
In recent years, it may not be possible to fully respond to the diversification of residents' tastes.

Therefore, even in such standardized housing, it is desired to diversify the appearance, etc., and even when diversifying, it is important to preserve the characteristics of standardized housing as much as possible.

In addition, for this diversification, for example, as shown in Fig. 13, a two-story house main body part A is provided with an additional house part B that is integrally connected to the house main body part A, as shown by a dashed line. The idea was to increase the diversity of the exterior appearance and expand the living space.

In addition, in the conventional architectural concept, a house whose roof shape has changed by providing such a house addition part B is roofed each time using a roof assembly that matches the shape.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, in this way, when assembling the roof according to the position of the additional part of the house each time, since the protruding position of the additional part of the house is diverse, it takes time and effort in designing, manufacturing, storing, etc. However, changes in the structure of the roof assembly tend to impair the characteristics of a standardized house, such as by causing structural changes to each part of the house itself.

Therefore, by covering the main part of the house with the main roof and roofing the additional part of the house using another additional roof, changes in the specifications of the roof structure of the main part of the house can be reduced and the characteristics of a standardized house can be achieved. While doing so,
A plan was devised to make the roof configuration of the additional part of the house easier. However, in such a configuration, the additional roof is installed separately from the main roof, so in order to improve the efficiency of roof construction, it is necessary to improve the installation efficiency of the additional roof panels that form the additional roof. It becomes necessary.

Regarding the installation of the additional roof panels, the applicant proposed in Utility Model Application No. 63-63581 a structure in which the additional roof panels are bolted together using roof brackets fixed on the additional wall of the additional part of the house. did.

However, in the proposed structure, as shown in Fig. 14, the roof bracket a is the beam bracket b attached to the additional wall w of the additional part of the house, and the roof bracket c is connected to the additional roof panel by bolts. Manufactured as a separate body,
It was designed to be assembled at the construction site.
Moreover, the beam support bracket b is formed into a beam shape with an upper chord member d and a lower chord member e, so in order to fix the beam support bracket b to the wall w, it is necessary to open the gap between the upper and lower chord members d and e. Construction required time and effort as bolts had to be tightened.

The present invention is based on fixing the roof bracket on the support beam and providing a working hole for bolt tightening in the upper chord of the support beam, which facilitates the installation of the support beam and reduces the number of man-hours required for roof construction. , the purpose is to provide a roof structure that can meet the above requirements.

[Means to solve the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the roof structure of the present invention includes a main body roof C that covers the main body part A of the house, uses a main body roof panel CP, and has a sloped roof having a horizontal main ridge part X1; Additional house part B having additional walls Va, Vb, and Vc surrounding an opening formed from the corner part in a U-shape on one main body wall Wa sandwiching one corner part.
consisting of an additional roof D formed using an additional roof panel DP covering the
DP is a pair of slanted additional roof panels DP on both sides of the ridge Y1, which originate from the base end from the upper surface of the main body roof panel CP and extend horizontally in the inclination direction of the main body roof panel CP.
1, DP2 and this sloping additional roof panel DP1,
and a triangular sloped additional roof panel DP3 disposed between DP2, and these sloped additional roof panels
DP1, DP2, DP3, the additional walls Va, Vb,
The lower chord member 9 extends over the wall panel forming the Vc, is placed on the upper surface of the wall panel, and is fixed using bolts.
2 and the upper chord member 91 above it are fixed on the support beams 61A to 61C connected by a joint material, and have the same slope as the additional sloped roof panels DP1, DP2, and DP3 and protrude from the indoor side of the upper chord member 91. Piece 67
The upper chord member 91 is provided with a working hole 97 through which the bolt head passes through and the lower chord member 92 is bolted to the upper surface of the wall panel. .

[Effect]

The main body of the house is covered by a main body roof using main body roof panels. Therefore, the roof of the house main body can be formed in substantially the same way as in the case where the house addition is not provided, and for example, even when the house main body is a standardized house, its characteristics can be retained. Further, an additional house part is provided protruding from the main body part of the house, so that the house can be changed to increase its diversity and the living area can be increased. Moreover, the house addition is covered by an additional roof formed using additional roof panels. Therefore, an additional roof can be formed after the main body roof is attached, which not only facilitates construction, but also reduces structural changes to the main body of the house due to the provision of additional parts of the house, which simplifies the assembly and configuration of the entire house. useful for.

Furthermore, the sloping additional roof panel of the additional roof panel is fixed by a roof bracket fixed on the additional wall of the additional part of the house. In addition, the roof bracket is fixed on the support beam that is fixed using bolts on the additional wall of the additional part of the house, and the bottom chord of the support beam is added by passing the head of the bolt through the top chord of the support beam. Since work holes are provided in the upper surface of the wall panels that make up the wall body, the support beams can be easily installed, reducing labor and making roof construction more efficient.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below based on the drawings.

In the figure, the roof structure of the present invention is shown in the main body part A of the house.
A main body roof C consisting of a sloped roof covering the main body using a main body roof panel CP and having a horizontal main ridge part X1, and one corner part c of this house main body part A.
The corner portion c1 is attached to one main body wall Wa sandwiching the corner portion c1.
An additional roof D formed using an additional roof panel DP to cover an additional part B of the house having additional walls Va, Vb, and Vc surrounding an opening K formed starting from .
Consisting of

Further, the additional roof panel DP has its base end extending from the upper surface of the main roof panel CP, and the main roof panel CP
A pair of inclined additional roof panels DP1 and DP2 on both sides of the ridge Y1 extending horizontally in the inclination direction of , these inclined additional roof panels DP1, DP2, DP3,
It is supported and fixed to the receiving pieces 67 of the roof bracket 17 fixed on the receiving beams 61A, 61B, 61C fixed on the wall panels forming the additional wall bodies Va, Vb, Vc.

The main body part A of the house is made of wall panels and has a rectangular plane shape having one main body wall Wa on the long side, that is, on the girder side, and the other main body wall Wb on the short side, that is, on the girder side, sandwiching one corner c1. The surrounding wall of the appropriate pillar G (first,
(shown in Figure 2).

The additional wall body Va on one side of the additional house part B is:
An additional wall Vb on the other side extends outward from the corner c1 and at right angles to the main body wall Wa.
It extends outward from the pillar G arranged on the girder side, and connects the outer ends of the additional walls Va and Vb on this side to the main body wall on the girder side.
Connected by an external additional wall Vc parallel to Wa.
Note that the additional wall bodies Va to Vc are both formed using wall panels.

Note that the additional walls Va to Vc have corner portions c2,
c3 are connected using connecting fittings 63, 63.

Further, an opening K is formed in the main body wall Wa of the house main body part A between the additional walls Va and Vb on the side and starting from the corner c1, so that the additional house part B is connected to the main body part A of the house. The interior thereof is continuous and integrated, and the additional walls Va, Vb, and Vc surround the opening K in a U-shape.

Furthermore, between the pillar G and the corner c1,
A beam H is spanned on the same straight line as the main body wall Wa and at the upper end of the opening K. In addition, beam material H
is connected to the column G by an end plate 22A provided at one end thereof.
The end plate 22B at the other end is fixed to the eaves bracket 23.

As shown in FIG. 5, the main body roof C is, in this example, a sloped roof C having eave tips on the girder and gable sides, respectively.
1, C2, C3, and C4, a horizontal main ridge part X1 and a descending ridge part X are formed between them.
2, X3, X4, and X5 are formed.

The sloping roof C1 to which the additional house part B is connected is formed using a main body roof panel CP, and this main body roof panel CP extends to the corner part c1, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. One end side a1 is located at the descending ridge part X2, and the other end side a2
However, the triangular main body roof panel CP1 located approximately in the middle of the beam material H and extending in the direction of the ridge, and the end side a2 face each other with a small gap g in between.
3 and a rectangular main body roof panel CP2 having the other end side a4 extending from the vicinity of the inner surface of the additional wall body Vb on the said side toward the ridge side, and one end side a5 separating the said end side a4 and the small gap g. and a width main body roof panel CP having the other end side a6 parallel to the end side a5
3, and an edge a7 that separates the edge a6 from the small gap g.
Another main body roof panel CP4 having...
Also, a sloped roof C that intersects at right angles with the corner c1 in between.
The main body roof panel CP5 constituting Part 2 has a triangular shape with an end side a8 facing the end side a1 with a gap g in between.

The main body roof panel CP, as schematically shown in FIG. 6, uses a panel body made of a steel frame in which a frame member 24 made of channel steel is arranged around the frame, and a shedding board 25 is provided on the upper surface of the frame.

Also, the main body roof panel CP facing the additional part B of the house
1. The main body roof panel CP3 on the outside of CP2 and the side additional wall body Vb has its eave tip d interrupted at a position near the top of the outer surface of the beam material H, and the main body roof panel CP4 is connected to the main body wall It extends outward from the body Wa beyond the eave tip d, forming the eave tip e of the house main body part A. Therefore, for the sloped roof C1,
In the portion of the opening K from which the additional house portion B protrudes, a notch 11 is formed that is interrupted at the upper portion of the main body wall Wa.

Note that the main body roof panel CP1 is provided with a cutout portion 27 cut out in the direction of inclination toward the inner surface of the additional wall body Va on the side at the lower end of the one end side a1.

Moreover, such a main body roof panel CP has the first and second parts.
Together with the joint beam 12 shown in the figure, the lower end portions are each fixed using the mounting fittings 29, 30 shown in FIG. 2, etc. The mounting bracket 30 is attached to the base plate 31 which is bolted to the upper end of the pillar G.
Support pieces 32, 32 are raised up to be inserted and fixed into the gap g between CP2 and CP3. Also, the mounting bracket 29 is attached to the base plate 33 fixed on the eaves bracket 23.
A long support frame 35 is provided with protrusions for fixing the main body roof panel CP.

As shown in FIG. 6, the connecting beam 12 has a flat mounting plate 39 protruding from the bottom surface of one end of a long base body 37 made of channel steel with the groove facing upward. A fixing fitting 40 is welded to the end.

The fixing fitting 40 includes support pieces 44 on both sides of the bottom piece fixed to the beam H, and the support pieces 4
The length between the outward facing surfaces of the main body roof panels CP1 and CP2 is set equal to the gap g between the main body roof panels CP1 and CP2.
The frame body 24 on the side is bolted and fixed.

Further, the additional roof D that covers the additional part B of the house using the additional roof panel DP is the main roof panel CP.
Slanted additional roofs D1, D2 on both sides of the ridge Y1 that originate from the base end from the top surface and extend horizontally in the direction of inclination of the main roof panel CP, that is, in the direction perpendicular to the main ridge X1.
And, at the tip of the ridge Y1, an additional wall Va on the side,
Corner part c2 where Vb intersects with external additional wall Vc,
Downhill sections Y2 and Y3 that slope downward toward c3
the ridge Y1,
A bent portion is formed at the descending ridge portions Y2 and Y3.

Further, the additional sloped roof D1 has a lower end side a9.
However, while facing the edge a8, the slope of the additional sloped roof D1 matches that of the main roof panel CP5, and the upper surface is even, the eave tip f1 below it is aligned with the eave tip of the main roof panel CP5. Be in order.

The additional sloped roof D2 has an end side a10 that extends in contact with the sloped roof C1, and its lower end is an eave tip that extends into the notch 11 at the lower end of the main roof panel CP3 and intersects at right angles with the eave tip e. f2 is formed.

The additional sloped roofs D1 and D2 are formed using the additional sloped roof panels DP1 and DP2, respectively, and the additional sloped roof panels DP1 and DP2 are formed by the triangular additional sloped panels DP1A and DP1A forming the ridge side.
DP2A, and pentagonal additional sloped roof panels DP1B and DP2B of the same shape below which form the eave tips f1 and f2, and the sloped additional roof panel D3 is made up of triangular, same-shaped panels divided at the center. It is formed from an additional inclined roof panel DP3 consisting of additional inclined roof panels DP3A and DP3B.

Said additional sloped roof panels DP1, DP2, DP3
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a panel 47 forming a roof board is attached to the upper surface of a framework 46A with wooden frame members 46 arranged around it, and a lower panel 49 is attached to the bottom surface of the framework 46A. It consists of a so-called flat panel body made of wood with 46 bridges stretched over it as appropriate.

Also, such slope additional roof panels DP1, DP
2 and DP3 are connected using the upper connecting piece 14 and the lower connecting piece 15 shown in FIG. 4 at the bent portions of the additional roof D such as the ridge Y1 and the descending ridges Y2 and Y3.

Also, the additional sloped roof panels DP3A, DP3B
The intermediate position is supported using a bundle fitting 16, as shown in FIG.

Additional sloped roof panels DP1, DP2, DP
3 supports the lower part using a roof bracket 17 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, and 7.

Also, the additional sloped roof panel DP2 on the end side a8 side is
The portion h of the end side a9 of the main body roof panel CP1 that protrudes into the cutout portion 27 is reinforced by connecting it to the main body roof panel CP5 using a base metal fitting (not shown), thereby increasing the resistance of the eave end against wind blow-up. .

Further, an eaves panel 20 is attached to the notch 11 below the main body roof panel CP3 using an eave beam material 19 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, the bundle fitting 16 is provided with a receiving plate 52 at the upper end of the bundle material 51 and a fixing plate 53 at the lower end. Further, the fixing plate 53 is attached to the eave tips d of the main body roof panels CP1, CP2 by using bolts or the like to firmly connect the main body roof panels CP1, CP2. Also, receiving plate 52
By supporting the additional inclined roof panels DP3A and DP3B, it is possible to correctly support and position them at a predetermined inclination, and also to enable temporary placement, improving workability.

Sloped additional roof panels DP1, DP2, DP3 are
The frame member 46 is inserted into the lower part thereof, and the lower end thereof is bolted to the roof bracket 17 by a bolt 81 extending below the frame member 46.

The bolt 81 has a square flat head 83 at the upper end of a base rod 82 which has a threaded portion 82a at the lower end, and the bolt 81 is loosely fitted into the frame member 46 with a gap. Attach the frame material 4 to the position of the bolt hole 84.
By cutting out the upper surface of 6, a recess 85 is formed into which the head 83 of the bolt 81 can be inserted.
In this embodiment, the recess 85 is cut into a rectangular shape, that is, a non-circular shape, so that side edges 85a, 85a of the recess 85 are formed on the ridge side and the eaves side of the frame member 46, respectively.
The bolt 81 is prevented from rotating by abutting one end edge 83a of the head 83 with a side edge 85a of the recess 85.

In addition, the bolt 81 is inserted into the upper surface of the framework 46A, and the face material 4 is inserted with the threaded portion 82a protruding.
7 prevents the bolts 81 from falling off, and also allows the surface of the face material 47 to be formed flat without any bolt heads exposed on the surface of the face material 47 and without any dents.

The roof bracket 17 includes roof brackets 17A, 17B, and 17C arranged on the additional walls Va and Vb on the side of the additional house part B and the additional wall Vc outside, and each of the roof brackets 17A and 17B. , 17C is the additional wall body
Support beams 61A, 61B, 61C placed on Va~Vc
fixed on top.

Each of the support beams 61A to 61C includes the additional wall body Va,
It extends over the wall panel forming Vb, Vc, is placed on the top surface thereof, and has a plurality of bolt holes 94...
A lower chord member 92 made of channel steel with the groove facing upward and fixed using a bolt 93 screwed into the upper surface of the wall panel through the upper part of the upper chord member 91 made of channel steel with the upper groove facing downward is connected. It forms a beam connected by two pieces of wood.

Moreover, the roof bracket 17 is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 6, 7,
As shown in FIG. 8, the inner edge of the bottom piece 65 fixed on the support beams 61A to 61C is connected via the upright piece 66 from the indoor side of the upper chord member 91 that has the same slope as the additional roof panels DP1, DP2, and DP3. It is a bent body provided with a protruding receiving piece 67, and the roof receiving metal fittings 17A to 17C are formed to have approximately the same length as each receiving beam 61A to 61C.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a working hole 97 is provided above the bolt hole 94 provided in the lower chord member 92 through which a tightening tool 96 for passing the head of the bolt 93 and tightening the bolt 93 is inserted into the support beams 61A, 61B, 61.
A hole is made in the upper chord member 91 of C along with the bottom piece 65 of the roof bracket 17.

Therefore, the bolts 93 can be tightened by operating the tightening tool 96 passing through the working holes 97, making the bolt tightening work easier, and conveniently attaching the bolts to the upper surface of the wall panels forming the additional walls Va, Vb, and Vc. I can stop it. Further, the outer ends of the support beams 61A, 61B and both ends of the support beam 61C are bolted and fixed to the vertical pieces of the joint fittings 62 located at the corner portions c, c3 of the additional walls Va to Vc. The inner ends of the support beams 61A, 61B are fixed to the mounting pieces 64, 64 of the mounting fittings 29, 30 shown in FIG.

In addition, holes 95 are provided at intervals in the receiving piece 67, and
As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, by inserting the threaded portion 82a of the bolt 81, which is secured to the frame material 46 of the additional sloped roof panel DP1, DP2, DP3, into the hole 95 and tightening it with a nut. Accordingly, the roof support metal fitting 17 can support and fix the inclined additional roof panels DP1, DP2, and DP3 by the support pieces 67 thereof.

Furthermore, the additional sloped roof panels DP3A, DP3
When installing B, by fixing the bundle fittings 16 on the main body roof panels CP1 and CP2 in advance, the inclined additional roof panels DP3A and DP3B can be attached.
It can be fixed to the roof holder 17 while supporting the upper end, making roof construction convenient.

Such slope additional roof panels DP1, DP2,
By installing the DP3, the additional roof D can be formed, and as shown in FIG. An overlapping part F is formed which extends over the main body roof C, and the additional part B of the house is covered by the overhanging part E.

Figures 9 to 12 show the house addition part B and the house main body part A.
The case where it is provided on the short side, that is, on the wife side is illustrated.

In this embodiment as well, the main body part A of the house has a main body roof C in the form of a hipped roof with sloped roofs C1 to C4 on the girder and gable sides, and the sloped roof C2 to which the additional house part B is connected is , triangular main body roof panels CP6, CP7
is formed using In addition, the main body roof panel CP6 located on the side where the additional part B of the house is provided has an interrupted eave tip, and the main body roof panel CP7 has a
By providing the removed portion 28 in which the eave end portion is cut off at the portion where the additional house portion B intersects, the sloped roof C2 is provided with the cutout portion 11 at the portion of the additional house portion B.

Also, a beam H is spanned along the main body wall Wb, and a joint beam 12A is spanned between the beam H and the upper end of the additional wall Vc outside the additional house part B.

The connecting beam 12A has a mounting plate 3 attached to one end of the base 37A.
9A is fixed, and in this embodiment, a fixing fitting 40A having a support piece 44A is integrally attached to the other end by bolting.

Further, the additional roof D includes additional inclined roofs D1 and D2 on both sides of the ridge Y1, and an additional inclined roof D3 between the descending ridges Y2 and Y3, and the additional inclined roof D1 and D
2 is formed using the additional sloped roof panels DP1 and DP2, and the additional sloped roof D3 is formed using the triangular additional sloped roof panel DP3. Further, the additional roof D has an overhanging part E that projects outward from the attached part A of the house and an overlapping part F that extends inward and overlaps with the slanted roof C2, as in the above embodiment. Therefore, it covers the additional part B of the house.

In addition, in this embodiment, the roof brackets 17 are roof brackets 17D, 1 attached to the upper ends of the side additional walls Va, Vb.
7E, and a roof support fitting 17F arranged on the external additional wall body Vc.

As shown in FIG. 12, the roof brackets 17D and 17E are directly fixed onto the additional walls Va and Vb, and the lower ends of the additional inclined roof panels DP1 and DP2 are fixed by the same brackets 67 as described above. do. In addition, the roof bracket 17F is fixed on the support beam 61 bolted onto the additional wall Vc, and is attached to the inclined additional roof panel DP.
3 is supported by its receiving piece 67.

Note that the support beam 61D is connected to the roof support bracket 17 above the lower chord member 92 extending along the upper surface of the external additional wall Vc.
An upper chord member 91 having the same length as F is provided, and the upper chord member 91 is provided with a working hole 97 through which the head of a bolt for fixing the lower chord member 92 to the upper surface of the wall panel forming the additional wall body Vc is passed. .

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, the roof structure of the present invention includes an additional sloped roof panel forming an additional roof covering the addition to the house.
It is supported by a receiving piece of a roof bracket fixed on a supporting beam fixed to the upper surface of the additional wall using bolts, and the lower chord of the supporting beam is passed through the head of the bolt through the upper chord of the supporting beam. A working hole is provided on the top of the panel for bolting. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the effort involved in installing the supporting beams, making the construction easier and making the roof construction more efficient.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of the present invention;
The figure is an exploded perspective view, Figure 3 is a plan view of Figure 1,
FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating the main roof and the additional roof, FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating the entire roof, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the installed state, and FIG. 7 is the installed state of the inclined additional roof panel. FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view showing the installed state, FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another embodiment, FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view thereof, and FIG.
12 is a sectional view showing the installed state, FIG. 13 is a perspective view illustrating a conventional house, and FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the conventional installation. 17, 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, 17
E, 17F... Roof bracket, 61A, 61B, 6
1C, 61D...Support beam, 67...Socket piece, 91...
Upper chord material, 92... Lower chord material, 93... Bolt, 97
... Working hole, A ... House main body part, B ... House additional part, C ... Main body roof, C1, C2, C3, C4 ...
…Sloped roof, CP, CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4,
CP5, CP6, CP7...Main roof panel, c1
...Corner section, D...Additional roof, DP...Additional roof panel, DP1, DP2, DP3...Slanted additional roof panel, K...Opening, Va, Vb, Vc...Additional wall, Wa... Main body wall, X1... Main ridge, Y
1... Ridge line.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A main body roof C that covers the house main body A and uses a main body roof panel CP and is composed of a sloped roof having a horizontal main ridge X1, and a roof that sandwiches one corner of the house main body A. An additional wall Va surrounds an opening formed in the main body wall Wa starting from the corner part in a U-shape,
It consists of an additional roof D formed using an additional roof panel DP that covers the additional part B of the house having Vb and Vc, and the additional roof panel DP has its base end starting from the upper surface of the main roof panel CP and extends from the main roof panel CP. A pair of inclined additional roof panels DP1 and DP2 on both sides of the ridge Y1 extending horizontally in the inclination direction of the roof, and a triangular inclined additional roof panel DP3 disposed between the inclined additional roof panels DP1 and DP2, These sloped additional roof panels DP1, DP2,
The DP3 is used as a joining material for the lower chord member 92 that extends over the wall panels forming the additional wall bodies Va, Vb, and Vc, is placed on the upper surface, and is fixed using bolts, and the upper chord member 91 above the lower chord member 92. Support beams 61 connected by
An upper chord member 9 fixed on A to 61C and having the same slope as the additional sloped roof panels DP1, DP2, and DP3.
The roof bracket 17 having a receiving piece 67 protruding from the indoor side of the roof bracket 17 is supported and fixed to the receiving piece 67, and the lower chord member 92 is attached to the upper surface of the wall panel by passing the head of the bolt through the upper chord member 91. A roof structure characterized by providing a working hole 97 for bolting.