JPH06100912B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument in which key data output from a key depression detecting means is supplied to a tone generating means via a memory device for a buffer.

[Prior art]

A conventional electronic musical instrument, as disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-65489, is provided between a key-depression detecting means for detecting a key-depression on a keyboard and a tone-generating means for generating a tone corresponding to the key-depression. , A primary memory for storing key data and a secondary memory are provided, key data representing a key pressed at key press detection is stored in the primary memory, and stored in the primary memory after a fixed time from this storage. The stored key data is transferred and stored in the secondary memory, and the musical tone is generated based on the key data stored in the secondary memory. Then, when a new key is pressed while the musical sound generating means is generating a musical sound related to the previously pressed key, the generated musical sound is attenuated and its volume level is reduced during the above-mentioned certain time. After it becomes almost zero, a musical tone is generated by a new key depression so that a sufficient attack feeling is given to the musical tone based on the new key depression.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the above-mentioned conventional electronic musical instrument, the transfer of the key data based on the key depression from the primary memory to the secondary memory is always delayed for a fixed time. Therefore, when a new key is depressed, the previous key depression is performed. Even if the musical tone generating means is in a state of being able to generate a musical tone based on a new key depression due to the end of the musical tone generation based on the musical tone generation or the volume level of the musical tone is lowered, the musical tone generation starts at least for a certain period of time after the key is depressed. There is a problem that the response of the tone generation based on the key depression becomes unnecessarily deteriorated because of the delay. Moreover, the volume level of the musical tone is attenuated to almost zero during the above-mentioned certain time, assuming a rare case where the volume level of the musical tone being generated by the musical tone generating means is high when a new key is pressed. Since it is set to the time value required to cause it, when a new key is pressed, the time required to attenuate the musical sound being generated by the musical sound generating means is often shorter than the above fixed time. Become. In this way, it is not necessary to delay the generation of musical tones by all new key depressions unnecessarily at the same time based on the fixed time set by assuming a rare occurrence. It was not preferable in terms of performance of an electronic musical instrument that should generate musical tones.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument having a memory device for a buffer for temporarily storing key data supplied from the key depression detecting means to the tone generating means between the key depression detecting means and the tone generating means. An object of the present invention is to provide an electronic musical instrument in which the responsiveness of musical tone generation based on key depression is made as good as possible by eliminating unnecessary delay of musical tone generation.

[Means for solving problems]

In solving such a problem, the structural feature of the first invention is that a key consisting of a plurality of keys and key data representing a key pressed by the keyboard in each tone generation channel having a plurality of tone generation channels. In an electronic musical instrument equipped with a musical tone generating means for generating musical tones based on the program processing, a newly pressed key is detected by the program processing, and the newly pressed key is detected in accordance with the pressed state of the keyboard. A microcomputer that assigns to any of a plurality of tone generation channels and outputs channel data representing the assigned tone generation channel and key data representing the newly pressed key, and a plurality of microcomputers corresponding to the plurality of tone generation channels. A first storage unit having a storage area for storing the output key data in a storage area corresponding to the output channel data; and a plurality of storages of the first storage unit. A plurality of storage areas corresponding to the respective areas, and the key data stored in the respective storage areas of the first storage means are respectively fetched and stored in the corresponding storage areas, and the respective fetched and stored key data are stored in the respective storage areas. Secondly, each is supplied to a plurality of tone generation channels of the tone generation means.
The storage means, the level detection means for detecting the volume level of each tone generated by each tone generation channel of the tone generation means, and that the volume level of each tone generation channel falls below a predetermined level by the level detection means. And the control means for permitting the fetching and storing of the key data in the respective storage areas corresponding to the respective tone generating channels of the second storage means.

A structural feature of the second invention is that it has a plurality of storage areas corresponding to a plurality of tone generation channels, respectively, in place of the first storage means, the second storage means and the control means of the first invention. Each of the first storage means and the second storage means for alternately storing the output key data in the storage area corresponding to the output channel data each time a new key is pressed, and the first storage means. The key data stored in either one of the storage areas or the corresponding storage areas of the second storage means is selectively applied to each tone generation channel corresponding to each storage area of the tone generation means for each storage area. When the selection means to be supplied and the level detection means detect that the volume level of each tone generation channel has become lower than a predetermined level, each storage area of the first storage means corresponding to each tone generation channel. Or in the provision and control means for switching the selective supply by corresponding selection means of the key data to each tone generating channel of the tone generator from each storage area corresponding to the second storage means.

[Action effect]

In the first aspect of the invention configured as described above, when a new key is pressed on the keyboard, the microcomputer performs a key press detection process and a channel assignment process for the newly pressed key by a program process. Then, the channel data representing the assigned channel and the key data representing the newly pressed key are output, and the first storage means stores the output key data in a storage area corresponding to the output channel data. To do. On the other hand, the level detection means
The tone level of each tone generated by each tone generation channel of the tone generation unit is detected based on the key data supplied from each storage area of the second storage unit, and the control unit detects each tone generation channel. The key data in the storage area corresponding to the same tone generation channel of the first storage means is permitted to be taken into the corresponding storage area of the second storage means, provided that the volume level of is equal to or lower than the predetermined level. Therefore, if the musical tone generating means has finished generating the previous musical tone in the assigned channel, the musical tone based on the new key depression is generated almost simultaneously with the key depression detection, and the musical tone generating means is generated in the assigned channel. If a musical tone based on the previous key depression is being generated, the musical tone based on the new key depression will immediately begin to occur after the musical tone being generated is attenuated and the volume level has dropped below a predetermined small value. . Therefore, a musical tone based on a new key depression with a sufficient attack feeling is generated without being unnecessarily delayed from the key depression. As a result, the responsiveness of the tone generation to the key depression is improved without impairing the attack feeling of the tone, and the performance of the electronic musical instrument is improved. Further, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the microcomputer includes the tone generation means, the first storage means, the second storage means,
Regardless of the level detection means and the control means, it is sufficient to perform the key depression detection processing and the key depression assignment processing only in relation to the keyboard, to input the envelope information of each musical tone, and to synchronize with the respective means. Therefore, the circuit configuration around the microcomputer can be simplified and the program processing can be simplified. Furthermore, the microcomputer does not need to delay the allocation process until the start of the generation of the musical tone after the output of the channel data and the key data, and can perform other processes, so that the computer is effectively used.

In the second aspect of the invention configured as described above, the key data output from the microcomputer is newly stored in each storage area of the first and second storage means specified by the channel data output from the computer. Each time a key is pressed, it is stored alternately. The key data stored in either one of the storage areas of the first storage means or the corresponding storage area of the second storage means is stored in the storage area of the tone generation means for each storage area by the selection means. Is supplied to each musical tone generating channel, and the musical tone generating means generates a musical tone based on the key data supplied to each musical tone generating channel. On the other hand, the level detecting means detects the volume level of each tone generated based on the key data supplied from each storage area of the second storing means in each tone generating channel of the tone generating means, and controls When the volume level of each tone generation channel becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined level, the means outputs the tone generation means from each storage area corresponding to the tone generation channel of the first storage means or each storage area corresponding to the second storage means. The selective supply of the key data to the corresponding tone generation channels by the selection means is switched. Therefore, at the time of a new key depression, if the generation of the musical tone based on the key data relating to the previous key depression stored in one storage area of the first storage means (or the second storage means) has ended, the end thereof. At this point, the selecting means is switched so as to supply the key sound data relating to the new key depression stored in the corresponding area of the second memory means (or the first memory means) to the musical tone generating means. The musical sound starts to be generated almost at the same time as the key depression detection. Further, when a new key is pressed, if a musical tone based on the key data relating to the previous key depression stored in one storage area of the first storage unit (or the second storage unit) is being generated, the musical tone being generated is generated. Is attenuated and the musical tone level becomes equal to or lower than a predetermined level, the key data relating to the new key depression stored in the corresponding area of the second storing means (or the first storing means) is supplied to the musical tone generating means. The musical tone based on the new key depression starts to be generated at the time point. As a result, similarly to the first aspect of the present invention, the responsiveness of the musical tone generation to the key depression is improved without impairing the attack feeling of the musical tone, and the performance of the electronic musical instrument is improved. Also in the second aspect of the invention, the microcomputer detects the key depression only in relation to the keyboard, asynchronously and independently of the tone generating means, the first storing means, the second storing means, the level detecting means and the controlling means. Since it is sufficient to perform the processing and the key-press assignment processing and there is no need to delay the assignment processing after the channel data and the key data are output until the generation of the musical tone, the circuit configuration around the microcomputer can be simplified and the program processing can be performed at the same time. Can be simplified and the computer can be effectively used for other processing.

〔Example〕

a. First Embodiment Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of an electronic musical instrument according to the present invention. This electronic musical instrument includes a keyboard 10 made up of a plurality of keys, an operator group 11 made up of a plurality of operators for selecting a tone color, an effect, etc., key data and operation performed by detecting the states of the keyboard 10 and the operator group 11. Microcomputer unit 12 that outputs child data, buffer memory device 20 that temporarily stores the output data, and buffer memory device
A tone generating means 40 having N tone generating channels less than the number of keys for generating a tone based on the data supplied from 20 and a level for detecting the volume level of the tone generated by the tone generating means 40. A detector 50 is provided.

The keyboard 10 has a plurality of keys for designating the high notes of the musical tones to be generated, and closes the key switches provided corresponding to each key in the key switch circuit 10a in response to the pressing of each key. To achieve. The key switch circuit 10a is connected to the address bus 13 and the data bus 14, and is connected to the microcomputer unit 12
A key state signal representing the state of each key is supplied to the microcomputer section 12 via the data bus 14 in response to a key state detection control signal supplied from the address bus 13.
Each operator for selecting the tone color, effect, etc. of the operator group 11 opens and closes an operator switch provided corresponding to each operator in the operator switch circuit 11a by its operation. The operator switch circuit 11a is connected to the address bus 13 and the data bus 14, and the microcomputer unit
In response to a control signal for detecting the operating element state supplied from 12 via the address bus 13, an operating element state signal representing the state of each operating element is sent via the data bus 14 to the microcomputer section.
Supply to 12.

The microcomputer unit 12 includes a read-only memory (hereinafter simply referred to as ROM) 12a for storing a program corresponding to the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, and a central processing unit (hereinafter simply referred to as CPU) 12b for executing the program.
And a writable memory (hereinafter simply referred to as RAM) 12c that temporarily stores various data described below necessary for executing this program and serves as a working memory. These ROM 12a, CPU 12b, and The RAM 12c is connected to the address bus 13 and the data bus 14, respectively. Further, this RAM 12c, as shown in FIG.
An assigned key data register area for storing key data KD representing keys assigned to each tone generation channel corresponding to 40 N tone generation channels, key press detection processing of the keyboard 10, and operation of the operator group 11. It is divided into other register areas for use in detection processing and the like. This key data KD
Is composed of 1-bit key-on data KO representing a key press or key release and a multi-bit key code KC representing a key name. When the value of the key-on data KO is “1”, the key data KD is pressed. The key data KD indicates that the key data KD is related to the key release when the value is “0”. Microcomputer unit configured in this way
The 12 observes the key state of the keyboard 10 and the operator states of the operator group 11 by executing the programs shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 which are started when the power is turned on, and depending on these states. The processed key data KD, the channel number data CHD indicating the assigned channel of the key data KD, and the operator data TCD are output to the buffer memory device 20 via the data bus 14, respectively, and at the same time, the output of each of these data is confirmed. Control signal CTRL indicating via address bus 13 buffer memory device
Output to 20.

The buffer memory device 20 is connected to the data bus 14 and stores the key data KD, the channel data CHD and the operator data TCD output from the microcomputer unit 12 at the time of output, the key data register 21 and the channel register, respectively.
22 and a manipulator data register 23 are provided, and the output signals of the decoder 24 are supplied to the control inputs of these registers 21, 22, 23, respectively. The decoder 24 is connected to the address bus 13 and decodes the control signal CTRL output from the microcomputer unit 12 simultaneously with the output of the respective data KD, CHD, TCD to store the registers 21, 22, 23. To control. The output end of the key data register 21 is the selector 25.
The key data KD connected to one of the input terminals of the register 21 is the control signal LD1 output from the comparator 26 connected to the control terminal 25a of the selector 25 at the high level “1”.
, The number is input to the shift register 27 of N stages equal to the number N of tone generation channels of the tone generation means 40 via the selector 25. The output end of the shift register 27 is connected to the other input end of the selector 25, and the key data KD sequentially shifted to the subsequent stage in the shift register 27 by the clock pulse φ has the control signal LD1 of low level “0”. "
Is fed back to the shift register 27 via the selector 25, and in this state the key data KD is shifted to the shift register 27.
The key data KD1 is circularly stored in the. On the other hand, the output terminal of the channel register 22 is connected to one input terminal of the comparator 26, and the comparator 26 outputs the output value CHD of this channel register 22 and the channel counter 28 connected to the other input terminal. Compare the output value of
The control signal LD1 is set to the high level “1” when the comparison results match. This channel counter 28 is modulo N equal to the tone generating channel N which updates its counter value in synchronization with the shift register 27 in accordance with the clock pulse φ.
And setting the control signal LD1 to high level "1" means that the key data KD output together with the channel data CHD from the microcomputer unit 12 is updated and stored in the corresponding channel of the shift register 27.

The output end of the shift register 27 is connected to one input end of the selector 29, and the key data KD1 output from the shift register 27 is a control signal output from the AND gate 30 connected to the control terminal 29a of the selector 29. When LD2 is at low level “0”, shift register 27 goes through selector 29.
Is input to the shift register 31 having the same configuration as. The output end of the shift register 31 is connected to the other input end of the selector 20, and the key data KD1 sequentially shifted to the subsequent stage in the shift register 31 by the clock pulse φ has the control signal LD2 at the high level “1”. When it is ", it is fed back to the shift register 31 via the selector 29, and in this state, the key data KD1 is circularly stored in the shift register 31 as the key data KD2. To the AND gate 30, the key-on data (key-on signal) KO1 in the key data KD1 output from the shift register 27 and the level detection signal LVL output from the level detector 50 are input. Both of these signals KO1, LVL When both are at the high level “1”, the circular storage of the key data KD2 by the shift register 31 is allowed,
When one of the signals is at the low level “0”, the key data KD1 from the shift register 27 to the shift register 31
Allow the transfer of.

Further, both the signals KO1 and LVL are also input to the AND gate 32, and the AND gate 32 further includes the shift register 31.
Input the inverted key-on signal ▲ ▼ obtained by inverting the key-on data (key-on signal) KO2 in the key data KD2 output from the inverter 33, and input all the input signals KO1, LVL,
When ▲ ▼ is at high level "1"
40 is supplied with a high level "1" forcing dump signal FD.

The musical tone generating means 40 includes a tone generator circuit 41 that forms and outputs a musical tone signal of a pitch frequency specified based on the key code KC2 of the key data KD2 supplied from the shift register 31, a key-on signal KO2 and a forcing dump signal. An envelope circuit 42 that forms and outputs an envelope signal to be added to a musical tone signal based on FD. The tone generator circuit 41 and the envelope circuit 42 have, for example, N time-division channels for forming a tone signal and an envelope signal, respectively, and these tone-division channels constitute the tone generation channels of the tone generation means 40. ing. The tone generation channel, which is a time-division channel, operates in synchronization with the shift registers 27 and 31 and the channel counter 28 based on the clock pulse φ. Then, the tone signal from the tone generator circuit 41 and the envelope signal from the envelope circuit 42 are supplied to a multiplier 43, and the multiplier 43 multiplies both signals to form a tone signal with an envelope added. The envelope-added musical tone signal is converted into an analog signal by a digital-analog converter (DAC) 44, and then supplied to a sound system 45 including an amplifier and a speaker to be sounded as a musical tone. Further, manipulator data is supplied from the manipulator data register 23 to the tone generator circuit 41 and the envelope circuit 42 by TCD, and the tone color of the tone signal formed by the tone generator circuit 41 and the envelope circuit 42 are formed by the manipulator data TCD. The shape of the envelope to be processed is determined.

The level detector 50 detects that the level value of the envelope signal output from the envelope circuit 42 has become a predetermined small value or less (for example, almost zero level), and the level value of the envelope signal is a predetermined small value. The level detection signal LVL of low level "0" is output in the following cases, and the level detection signal LVL of high level "1" is output when the level value of the envelope signal is larger than a predetermined small value.

The operation of the embodiment configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS.
Explaining with the flowchart shown in the figure together, when the power switch is turned on, the CPU 12b causes the step 10 of FIG.
Start executing the program from 0, and in step 101,
The details are the processing of the "key switch processing" routine shown in FIG. The CPU 12b starts the processing of the "key switch processing" routine from step 110, and sequentially scans each key switch in the key switch circuit 10a from the low tone side or the high tone side in step 111, and this scan causes the key switch circuit to be scanned.
A new key press or key release on the keyboard 10 is detected based on the key status signal supplied from 10a. When a new key press or key release is detected, the CPU 12b executes the same step.
At 111, when key data KD related to a new key press or key release is accumulated and stored as a key press event data or key release event data in a predetermined area of the other register area of the RAM 12c, scanning of all key switches is completed. Step through the program in 11
Proceed to 2. The key code KC of the stored and stored key data KD is determined by a scanning counter (not shown) scanning each key switch in the above scanning.

Next, in steps 112 and 113, the CPU 12b determines whether or not a new key depression or key release has been performed on the keyboard 10 based on the stored contents of the predetermined area. That is, when there is no new key depression and key release on the keyboard 10, the key depression event data and the key release event data are not stored in the above-mentioned predetermined area, and therefore the CPU 12b returns “NO” at step 112 and step 113. ", The program proceeds to step 114, and the process of the" key switch process "routine ends.

If a new key is pressed on keyboard 10, CPU12b
In step 112, “YES”, that is, it is determined that there is key depression event data, and in step 115, the key data KD stored as key depression event data in the predetermined area is read,
After assigning the key indicated by this key data KD to the tone generation channel that has been released the oldest among all tone generation channels, this key data KD is assigned to the assigned tone generation channel in the assigned key data register area. The key press event data relating to this key data KD is erased while being stored in the register. Then, the CPU 12b executes step 11
At 6, the key data KD and the channel data CHD indicating the assigned tone generation channel number are sent to the data bus 14
To the buffer memory device 20 sequentially via the address bus 13 and a control signal CTRL indicating that these data KD, CHD are output in synchronization with the output of these data KD, CHD. Output to. The key-on data KO in the key data KD in this case is “1”,
The key code KC represents a key depression name. This Step 116
After that, the CPU 12b proceeds to execute the process of step 112, and continues the circulation process of steps 112, 115, and 116 until all the key-pressing keys on the keyboard 10 are lost until there is no key-pressing event data stored in the predetermined area. The data KD and the channel data CHD are output to the buffer memory device 20. When the key depression event data disappears,
The CPU 12b determines "NO" in step 112, advances the program to step 113, and if there is no new key release on the keyboard 10, determines "NO" in step 113, that is, no key release event data, At step 114, the process of the "key switch process" routine is completed.

If there is a new key release on keyboard 10, CPU12b
Is YES in step 113, that is, it is determined that there is key release event data, and in step 117 the key data KD stored as the key release event data in the predetermined area is read out and read out from the assigned key data register area. The key-on data KO of this register is searched for a register that stores the same key code as the key data KD, and the above key-release event data related to this key data KD is erased. Then, in step 118, the CPU 12b sequentially outputs the key data KD and the channel data CHD indicating the number of the tone generating channel corresponding to the above register to the buffer memory device 20 via the buses 14 and 13 together with the control signal CTRL. The key-on data KO in the key data KD in this case is “0”, and the key code KC represents the key release name. After the processing of step 118, the CPU 12b proceeds to step 112.
The process proceeds to step 112, 113, 117, 11 until the key release event data stored in the predetermined area is exhausted.
The cyclic processing of 8 is continuously executed, and the key data KD and the channel data CHD related to all the new key release on the keyboard 10 are output to the buffer memory device 20. Then, when there is no key release event data, the CPU 12b determines "NO" in step 113, and advances the program to step 114,
The processing of the "key switch processing" routine is ended.

When the processing of the "key switch processing" routine as described above is completed, the CPU 12b proceeds to the "operator switch processing" routine processing in step 102 of FIG. This step 102
At that, the CPU 12b sequentially scans each operator switch in the operator switch circuit 11a, and based on the operator state signal supplied from the operator switch circuit 11a by this scanning, each operator of the operator group 11 A state change is detected, and manipulator data TCD associated with this detection is output to the buffer memory device 20 via the data bus 14, and this data TCD is output in synchronization with the output of this data TCD. The control signal CTRL is output to the decoder 24 via the address bus 13. Then, after the processing of step 102, the CPU 12b proceeds to the processing of step 101 and thereafter continues the circulation processing of the steps 101 and 102, and the microcomputer unit 12 responds to the state change of the keyboard 10 and the operator group 11 as described above. Key data K
The D, channel data CKD, operator data TCD, and control signal CTRL are output to the buffer memory device 20.

As described above, the respective data KD, CHD, TCD output from the microcomputer unit 12 are respectively supplied to the key data register 2 based on the control signal CTRL output to the decoder 24 at the same time.
1, channel register 22 and operator data register 23
Memorized in. The channel data CHD stored in the channel register 22 is transferred to the channel counter 28 in the comparator 26.
When the counter value is sequentially changed to match the channel data CHD value, the comparator 26
Sets the control signal LD1 to high level "1". This allows
The selector 25 is the key data stored in the key data register 21.
KD is selected and supplied to the shift register 27, and the shift register 27 cyclically stores the key data KD as the key data KD1, so that the key data KD corresponds to the tone generation channel of the number designated by the channel data CHD. It will be stored as key data KD1 in the divided channels.

Next, the operation of controlling the musical sound generating means 40 according to the key data KD1 stored in the shift register 27 will be described with reference to the time chart of FIG. As shown by timings t1 and t3 in the figure, when a new key is pressed, the key related to this key is the tone related to the released key that was previously assigned in the tone generation channel that is newly assigned. Is attenuated below a predetermined small volume level, the key-on signal KO1 output from the shift register 27 at the channel timing is high level “1” and the level detection signal LVL output from the level detector 50. Is low level "0". Therefore, the control signal LD2 output from the AND gate 30 becomes the low level “0”, and the key data KD1 representing the key newly assigned to the channel output from the shift leveler 27 is
Immediately through the selector 29, the key data to the shift register 31
It is stored as KD2. Based on the stored key data KD2, the tone generator circuit 41 outputs a tone signal having a pitch frequency corresponding to the key code KC2, and the envelope circuit 42 outputs a key-on signal.
Since the envelope signal as shown in FIG. 5 is output at the rise of KO2, the musical tone generating means 40 starts generating a musical tone corresponding to the newly pressed key in the channel. At this time, since the key-on signal KO2 is at the high level "1", the output of the AND gate 32 is at the low level "0" and the forcing dump signal FD is at the low level "0".

Further, as shown at timing t5 in FIG. 5, when a new key is pressed, the tone related to the released key that has been assigned until then is decayed in the tone generation channel to which the key related to this key is assigned. When the channel is not sufficiently attenuated, the key-on signal KO1 of the channel output from the shift register 27 at the channel timing is high level “1” and the level detection signal LVL output from the level detector 50 is also high. High level “1”. Therefore, the control signal LD2 of the channel output from the ungate 30 becomes the high level “1”, so the selector 29 selects the output of the shift register 31 and the new key data of the channel output from the shift register 27.
KD1 is not transferred to the shift register 31. On the other hand, at this time, since the key-on data KO2 of the key data KD2 before the channel output from the shift register 31 is “0”, the inverted key-on signal ▲ ▼ is high level “1”.
Then, the AND gate 32 outputs the high level "1" forcing dump signal FD. Based on the forcing dump signal FD, the envelope circuit 42 rapidly attenuates the envelope signal of the channel as shown at timing t5 in FIG. As a result, the musical sound generating means 40
Rapidly attenuates the tones associated with the released keys previously assigned to that channel.

When the tone of the channel falls below a predetermined volume level due to this rapid attenuation, the level detection signal LVL output from the level detector 50 becomes low level “0”, and the AND gate 32 causes the forcing dump. Set the signal FD to low level “0”. At this time, the control signal LD2 output from the AND gate 30 becomes low level “0”,
The selector 29 stores the key data KD1 stored in the shift register 27 and related to the key newly assigned to the channel.
Allows the transfer to the shift register 31 of
The shift register 31 comes to store the key data KD1 associated with a new key depression as the key data KD2 at the timing t6 in FIG. 5, and at this timing t6, the generation of the musical sound by the musical sound generating means 40 is started. As described above, after the volume level of the previous musical sound becomes sufficiently low, the generation of the musical sound related to the new key depression is allowed, so that a sufficient attack feeling is given to this musical sound.

When the key assigned to a certain tone generation channel is released at the timings t2, t4, t7 in FIG. 5, the key-on signal KO1 of the channel stored and output in the shift register 27 is at the low level " It is 0 ". for that reason,
At the channel timing, the control signal LD2 output from the AND gate 30 is low level "0", and the key data KD1 representing the key release is immediately stored in the shift register 31 as the key data KD2 via the selector 29. Based on the stored key data KD2, the tone generator circuit 41 continues to output the tone signal of the pitch frequency corresponding to the same key code KC2 as before the key release, but the envelope circuit 42 outputs the high level "1" of the key-on signal KO2. In response to the change from LOW level to "0", as shown in FIG. 5, an envelope signal that slowly attenuates is output. As a result, the musical sound generating means 40 generates a musical sound that attenuates slowly in the channel.
At this time, since the key-on signal KO1 output from the shift register 27 is at the low level "0", the forcing dump signal FD is at the low level "0".

As can be understood from the above description of the operation, the microcomputer unit 12 detects a newly pressed key or a released key on the keyboard 10 and controls the assignment of the key to the tone generation channel. , Key data relating to the key even if the tone generating means 40 is not ready to immediately generate the tone of the key.
If KD is output to the buffer memory device 20, all the output key data KD is once stored and stored in the shift register 27. Therefore, the microcomputer unit 12 detects the operation switch state after the output of the key data KD. Other processes such as the above can be performed and the microcomputer unit 12 can be effectively utilized. In addition, the key data KD1 stored in the shift register 27
Is transferred to the shift register 31 and controls the generation of the musical sound by the musical sound generating means 40 on the condition that the volume level of the musical sound detected by the level detector 50 is below a predetermined small value. A sufficient attack feeling is imparted to the played musical sound, and the generation of the musical sound is not delayed unnecessarily from the key depression. As a result, the responsiveness of the tone generation to the key depression is improved, and the performance of the electronic musical instrument is improved.

b. Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a buffer memory device 60 in which a part of the buffer memory device 20 of FIG. 1 is modified. It is shown in the figure. The rest of the second embodiment is the same as that shown in FIG. In the buffer memory device 60, the key data register 21, the channel register 22, the manipulator data register 23, the decoder 24, the comparator 26 and the channel counter 28 are the same as those in the first embodiment shown in FIG. Therefore, the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted.

The output end of the key data register 21 is connected to one input end of the selector 61, and the key data KD output from the register 21
Is an AND gate 6 connected to the control terminal 61a of the selector 61.
When the control signal LD11 output from 2 is at high level "1", it is input via the selector 61 to the shift register 63 of N stages equal to the number N of tone generation channels. Also,
The output end of the shift register 63 is connected to the other input end of the selector 61, and the key data KD sequentially shifted to the subsequent stage in the shift register 63 by the clock pulse φ has the control signal LD11 of low level “0”. At this time, it is fed back to the shift register 63 via the selector 61, and in this state, the key data
KD is circularly stored in the shift register 63 as key data KD11. The control signal LD1 is supplied from the comparator 26 to one input of the AND gate 62, and the selection signal SEL1 is supplied from the exclusive OR gate 64 to the other input, and both of these signals LD1 and SEL1 are supplied. When it is at the high level "1", the control signal LD11 is at the high level "1".

The output end of the key data register 21 is also connected to one input end of the selector 65, and the key data KD output from the register 21 is output from the AND gate 66 connected to the control terminal 65a of the selector 65. When the control signal LD12 is at high level “1”, it is input to the shift register 67 via the selector 65. The output end of the shift register 67 is a selector.
Clock pulse φ connected to the other input terminal of 65
The key data KD that is sequentially shifted to the subsequent stage in the shift register 67 is fed back to the shift register 67 via the selector 65 when the control signal LD12 is at the low level "0", and the key data KD is shifted in this state. The key data KD12 is circularly stored in the register 67. The control signal LD1 is supplied from the comparator 26 to one input of the AND gate 66, and the selection signal ▲ ▼ obtained by inverting the selection signal SEL1 from the exclusive OR gate 64 by the inverter 68 is supplied to the other input. Therefore, when both the signals LD1 and ▲ ▼ 1 are at the high level, the control signal LD12 is at the high level "1".

The output terminals of the shift register 63 and the shift register 67 are connected to the respective input terminals of the selector 69.
When the selection signal SEL2 supplied to the control terminal 69a from the N-stage shift register 70 equal to the number N of tone generation channels is at the high level "1", the key data KD11 is used as the key data KD2 by the tone generation means 40. When the signal SEL2 is at low level "0", the key data KD12 is selectively output to the musical tone generating means 40 as the key data KD2. An exclusive OR gate 71 whose selection signal SEL2 is supplied to one input of the shift register 70 is connected to the input end of the shift register 70. The selection signal SEL2 is supplied from the AND gate 72 to the other input of the exclusive OR gate 71. When the supplied level down signal LVDW is at low level "0", it is circulated and stored in the shift register 70, and when the level down signal LVDW is at high level "1", it is inverted. A signal obtained by delaying the level detection signal LVL by the N-channel timing time is supplied to one input of the AND gate 72 from the shift register 73 having the same structure as the shift register 70, and the other input receives the level detection signal LVL from the inverter 74. The signal inverted at is supplied. The AND gate 72, the shift register 73, and the inverter 74 constitute a falling differentiating circuit of the level detection signal LVL for each tone generation channel, and the level detection signal LVL for each tone generation channel is high level "1". When it changes from 0 to low level, the level down signal LVDW is set to high level "1" only once at the channel timing.

The level detection signal LVL is also supplied to one input of the AND gate 75, and the other input of the AND gate 75 is supplied with an inverted key-on signal ▲ ▼ obtained by inverting the key-on signal KO2 in the key data KD2 by the inverter 76. The level detection signal LVL and the inverted key-on signal ▲
When both ▼ are at high level “1”, AND gate 75
Supplies a high level signal "1" to one input of the exclusive OR gate 64. Further, the selection signal SEL2 is supplied to the other input of the exclusive OR gate 64, and the selection signal SEL1 becomes the same as the selection signal SEL2 when the output signal of the AND gate 75 is at the low level “0”. Select signal when the output signal of gate 75 is at high level
It is the reverse of SEL2.

The selection signal SEL2 is also supplied to the control terminal 77a of the selector 77 via the inverter 76, and both inputs of this selector 77 have the key-on signal KO11 and the key data KD11 in the key data KD11.
The O-ON signal KO12 of 12 is supplied to each. Then, the selector 77 selectively outputs the key-on signal KO11 when the selection signal SEL2 is at the low level “0”, and selectively outputs the key-on signal KO12 when the selection signal SEL2 is at the high level “1”. This selectively output key-on signal KO11 or key-on signal KO12 is supplied to one input of the AND gate 78,
The level detection signal LVL is supplied to the other input of the same gate 78, and when both of these input signals are at the high level “1”, the AND gate 78 outputs the forcing dump signal FD of the high level “1”. . The channel counter 28,
The shift registers 63, 67, 70, 73 operate in time division in synchronization with the channel timing of each tone generation channel.

The operation of the buffer memory device 60 configured as described above will be described. As described in the first embodiment, the key data KD, the channel data CHD, and the operator data TCD supplied from the microcomputer unit 12 are , Control signal CT respectively
It is controlled by RL and stored in the key data register 21, the channel register 22 and the manipulator data register 23, respectively, and the comparator 26 controls the high level "1" at the channel timing of the tone generation channel indicated by the channel data CHD. Output LD1.

Next, the operation of outputting the key data KD2 and the forcing dump signal FD to the musical sound generating means 40 based on the key data KD stored in the key data register 21 will be described again with reference to the time chart of FIG. To do. Timing in the figure
As shown in t1, when there is a new key depression, the tone related to the released key that was previously assigned in the tone generation channel to which the key related to this key was assigned falls below a small volume level. The case of attenuation will be described. At this time, if the selection signals SEL1 and SEL2 are both at the low level “0” (or the high level “1”) at the timing of the channel, the control signal is generated at the generation timing of the control signal LD1 at the high level “1”. LD12 (or LD11) becomes high level "1", and the key data KD stored in the key data register 21 is supplied to the shift register 67 (or 63) via the selector 65 (or 61) at the channel timing. To be done. As a result, the key data KD is circularly stored as the key data KD12 (or KD11) in the time-division channel corresponding to the tone generation channel having the number designated by the channel data CHD. At this time, since the selection signal SEL1 is at the low level “0” (or the high level “1”), the control signal LD11
(Or LD12) is also at the low level “0”, and the selector 61 (or 65) does not selectively output the key data KD from the key data register 21, so the same key data KD is stored in the shift register 63 (or
67) is not supplied to the shift register 67 (or
63) Key data KD12 of the channel circulated and stored.
(Or KD11) is output to the tone generating means 40 as the key data KD2 at the channel timing via the selector 69 because the selection signal SEL2 is at the low level "0" (or the high level "1"). At this time, the selector 77 selectively outputs the key-on signal KO11 (or KO12) for the selection signal SEL2 at the low level “0” (or the high level “1”) at the channel timing, and this key-on signal KO11 is output. (Or KO12) is related to the released key that has been assigned to that channel and is at the low level “0”, the forcing dump signal FD output from the AND gate 78 is at the low level “0”. Becomes

Next, the key pressed at timing t1 in FIG.
Explaining the case where the key is released at t2, the channel data CHD output from the microcomputer unit 12 together with the key data KD related to the key release indicates the channel number to which the key released at the timing t2 is assigned. , When the comparator 26 outputs the control signal LD1 of high level "1" based on the channel data CHD, the key at the channel timing stored in the shift register 67 (or 63) and output to the tone generating means 40. Since the key-on signal KO2 in the data KD2 is at the high level "1", the output signal from the AND gate 75 is at the low level "0", and the tone volume of the channel generated by the tone generating means 40. Since the level is high and the level detection signal LVL also maintains the high level “1”, the level down signal
LVDW is also low level “0”. This allows the selection signal SE
L1 and SEL2 are still at the low level “0” (or the high level “1”), and the key data KD stored in the key data register 21 is the selector 65 when the control signal LD1 at the high level “1” is generated. (Or 61) via shift register 67
(Or 63). And the shift register 67
(Or 63) cyclically stores key data KD related to the key release as key data KD12 (or KD11) in the channel in place of the key data KD related to key depression stored at the timing t1. This key data KD12 (or KD11) is output to the musical tone generating means 40 via the selector 69 as the key data KD2 because the selection signal SEL2 is still at the low level "0" (or the high level "1"). . Note that the selector 77 outputs the key-on signal KO11 (or KO12) at the low level “0” to the AND gate 78 in the channel as in the case of the timing t1, so that the forcing dump signal FD of the channel still remains. Low level “0”.

Further, after the timing t2, the key-on signal KO2 in the key data KD2 at the channel timing supplied to the musical tone generating means 40 becomes the low level “0”, so that the musical tone generated from the musical tone generating means 40 on the channel is It will be in a normal decay state. When the volume level of the musical sound in the decay is still high, the level detection signal LVL at the timing of the channel concerned is at the high level "1" and the key-on signal KO2 of the concerned channel.
Is at a low level "0", the output signal of the AND gate 75 becomes a high level "1", and the selection signal SEL1 becomes a high level "1" (or a low level "0"). Therefore, at this point, the key data KD newly assigned to the channel is
When the key data KD is supplied to the key data register 21, the key data KD is compared with the comparator 26 at the channel timing.
, The control signal LD11 (or LD12) becomes high level “1”, and the key data KD shifts in the opposite manner to the timing t1. The key data KD11 (or KD12) of the channel is circularly stored in the register 63 (or 67). When the sound volume level of the attenuated channel sound falls below a predetermined small value as time passes, the level detection signal
LVL becomes low level "0", at this time, the level down signal LVDW becomes high level "1" in one channel timing time, and the selection signal SEL2 is inverted and becomes high level "1" (or low level "0"). However, at this time, since the level detection signal LVL is low level “0”, the output signal of the AND gate 75 becomes low level “0” and the selection signal SE
L1 maintains the high level "1" (or the low level "0") as in the case where the musical tone is in the decay state. As a result, the key data KD newly assigned to the relevant channel
Is supplied to the key data register 21, as described above,
The key data KD is stored in the shift register 63 (or shift register 6
It is circularly stored in 7) as the key data KD11 (or KD12) of the channel.

Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the key newly pressed at the timing t3 is assigned to the same channel as the key released at the timing t2, and the musical tone related to the key released at the timing t2 is set to a predetermined small volume level. If the signal is attenuated below, since the selection signals SEL1 and SEL2 are at the high level “1” (or the low level “0”), the new key data KD supplied to the key data register 21 is shifted as described above. Register 63
(Or shift register 67) key data of the channel
It is circulatively stored as KD11 (or KD12) and is immediately supplied to the musical tone generating means 40 via the selector 69 as the key data KD2 of the channel. Then, the musical sound generating means 40 starts to generate a new musical sound based on the key data KD2 on the channel. At this time, the selector 77 causes the key-on signal KO regarding the key released at the timing t2 cyclically stored in the channel of the shift register 67 (or 63).
Since 12 (or KO11) is output to the AND gate 78, the forcing dump signal FD becomes low level “0”.

On the other hand, the key pressed at the timing t3 is released at the timing t4, the musical tone related to the key is in the decay state, and at the timing t5 at which the volume level is not so low, the newly pressed key is in the decay state. When assigned to a musical tone generating channel that is generating a musical tone, the selection signal SEL1 at the channel timing is inverted at the timing t4 in the same way as the timing t2 described above, and becomes low level “0” (or high level “1”). Therefore, the key data KD for the key newly pressed at the timing t5 is stored in the shift register 67
(Or 63) to the key data KD12 (or KD1) of the channel.
It will be circulated and memorized as 1). However, since the selection signal SEL2 at the timing of the channel is not inverted until the musical tone being decayed on the channel reaches a predetermined small volume level as described above, it remains at the high level "1" (low level "0"). Yes, the key data KD2 at the relevant channel timing supplied to the musical sound generating means 40 via the selector 69 is stored in the shift register 63 (or 6).
Key data KD11 (or KD12) indicating the key released at timing t4 that is cyclically stored in 7). At this time, the selector 77 causes the key-on stored in the channel of the shift register 67 (or 63) for the selection signal SEL2 at the high level “1” (or the low level “0”) at the channel timing. Outputs signal KO12 (or KO11). This key-on signal KO12 (or KO11) is timing
High level "1" related to the key pressed at t5
Therefore, while the level detection signal LVL is at the high level "1", the AND gate 78 supplies the forcing dump signal FD of the high level "1" to the musical sound generating means 40 at the channel timing. This forcing dump signal FD
Of the tone generation means 40 rapidly attenuates the tone generated by the tone generation means 40, the level detection signal LVL becomes low level "0" at the timing t6, and the level down signal LVD
When W becomes high level "1", the selection signal SEL2 at the channel timing is inverted to low level "0" (or high level "1") as described above. This low level “0” (or high level “1”) selection signal SEL2
As a result, the selector 69 causes the tone generation means 40 to use the key data KD12 (or KD11) of the key pressed at the timing t5 which is cyclically stored in the channel of the shift register 67 (or 63) as the key data KD2 of the channel. Will be supplied. As a result, the musical tone generating means 40
From t6, the timing on the relevant tone generation channel
At t5, generation of a musical sound based on the key data KD2 of the key pressed is started. At this time, the selector 77 causes the key-on signal KO11 regarding the key released at the timing t4 cyclically stored in the channel of the shift register 63 (or 67).
Since (or KO12) is output to the AND gate 78, the forcing dump signal FD becomes low level “0”. And
When the key relating to the musical sound being generated in the channel is released at timing t7, the selection signal SEL1 becomes the high level "1" (or the low level "0"), and the volume level of the musical sound falls below a predetermined small value. Then, the selection signal SEL2 also becomes high level "1" (or low level "0"). As a result, when the newly pressed key is assigned to the same channel as the tone generation channel, the key data relating to the pressed key
KD will be stored in the channel of the shift register 63 (or 67).

As can be understood from the above operation description, every time a new key is pressed on the keyboard 10, the key data KD related to this newly pressed key supplied from the microcomputer unit 12 is supplied.
Are alternately stored in the shift register 63 or the shift register 67, so that the musical tone being attenuated based on the key data stored in one of the above shift registers in the musical tone generation channel to which the key is assigned. Even when the key is generated, if the microcomputer unit 12 immediately outputs the key data related to the key to the buffer memory device 60 when a new key press is detected, the output key data KD is temporarily stored in the other shift register. To be done. As a result, after outputting the same key data KD, the microcomputer unit 12 can perform other processing such as detection of the operator switch state, as in the first embodiment, and the microcomputer unit 12 can be effectively utilized. To be done. Further, the key data of the newly pressed key stored in the shift register 63 or the shift register 67 is
The tone generation means 40 is provided on condition that the volume level of the tone detected by the level detector 50 is below a predetermined small value.
Since the selected tone is selectively output, the newly generated tone is given a sufficient attack feeling, and the tone generation is not unnecessarily delayed from the key depression. As described above, also in the buffer memory device 60 according to the second embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be achieved.

c. Modified Example In the above embodiment, the newly pressed key is assigned to the tone generation channel related to the key that has been released in the entire tone generation channels. It is also possible to add an allocation condition corresponding to the high pitch, for example, a condition of prohibiting the allocation to the musical tone generation channel which is generating the musical tone related to the low pitch key. Alternatively, the assignment condition may be relaxed, and as soon as the tone generation channel associated with the released key is found, the newly pressed key may be assigned to that channel.

Further, in the above embodiment, when all the tone generation channels generate the tone being pressed, the newly pressed key is not assigned to any tone generation channel. Alternatively, the newly-pressed key may be assigned to the tone generation channel associated with the most-pressed key to add the later-arrival priority function. In the above case, the key data regarding the new key is stored,
As soon as the pressed key is released, the new key may be assigned to the tone generation channel associated with the released key.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of an electronic musical instrument showing a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a memory map of RAM in the microcomputer section of FIG. 1, and FIGS. 3 and 4 are of FIG. FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing an example of a program executed by the microcomputer section, FIG. 5 is a time chart showing a time change of the key depression state and the envelope waveform of the musical tone, and FIG.
The figure shows a buffer memory device of an electronic musical instrument according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Explanation of symbols 10 …… Keyboard, 10a …… Key switch circuit, 11 …… Operator group, 11a …… Operator switch circuit, 12 …… Microcomputer section, 20,60 …… Buffer memory device, 21 …… Key Data register, 25,29,61,65,69,77 …… Selector, 27,
31,63,67,70,73 ...... Shift register, 40 ...... Music tone generating means, 50 ...... Level detector.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys, and a tone generating means for generating a tone based on key data representing a key pressed by the keyboard on each tone generating channel and having a plurality of tone generating channels. In the electronic musical instrument, program processing detects a key newly pressed on the keyboard, and the newly pressed key is placed on any one of the plurality of musical sound generation channels in accordance with the key release state of the keyboard. A microcomputer for outputting channel data representing the assigned tone generation channel and the key data representing the newly pressed key; and a plurality of storage areas corresponding to the plurality of tone generation channels First storage means for storing the output key data in a storage area corresponding to the selected channel data, and a plurality of storage areas corresponding to the plurality of storage areas of the first storage means. The key data stored in each storage area of the first storage means is stored in the corresponding storage area, and each of the stored and stored key data is stored in each storage area of the tone generation means. Second storage means for supplying each of the plurality of tone generation channels, level detection means for detecting the volume level of each tone generated by each tone generation channel of the tone generation means, and each of the level detection means for detecting each of the tone levels. When it is detected that the volume level of the tone generation channel is below a predetermined level, the acquisition and storage of the key data in each storage area of the second storage means corresponding to each tone generation channel is permitted. An electronic musical instrument provided with control means. 2. A keyboard comprising a plurality of keys, and a musical tone generating means for generating a musical tone based on key data representing a key pressed by the keyboard in each musical tone generating channel having a plurality of musical tone generating channels. In the electronic musical instrument, program processing detects a key newly pressed on the keyboard, and the newly pressed key is placed on any one of the plurality of musical sound generation channels in accordance with the key release state of the keyboard. Assigned, a microcomputer for outputting channel data representing the assigned tone generation channels and key data representing the newly pressed key, and a plurality of storage areas respectively corresponding to the plurality of tone generation channels, First storage means and second storage means for alternately storing the output key data in a storage area corresponding to the output channel data each time a new key is pressed. , The key data stored in any one of the storage areas of the first storage means or the corresponding storage areas of the second storage means is stored in each storage area of the tone generation means in each storage area. Selecting means for selectively supplying to each corresponding tone generating channel; level detecting means for detecting the volume level of each tone generated in each tone generating channel of the tone generating means; When it is detected that the volume level of each tone generation channel is below a predetermined level, each storage area of the first storage means corresponding to each tone generation channel or each storage of the second storage means. Control means for switching the selective supply of the key data by the selecting means from the area to the corresponding tone generating channels of the tone generating means. Musical instrument.