JPH0610420B2 - Turbocharger - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a turbocharger applied to an engine of an automobile or the like.

[Conventional technology]

In the conventional exhaust turbine supercharger disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-138222, a turbine scroll is divided into two parts.
An opening / closing valve, that is, an opening / closing shutter is installed on one turbine scroll portion to make the nozzle area variable. The exhaust turbine supercharger will be outlined with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 shows an exhaust turbine 60 in a supercharger of an exhaust turbine of an internal combustion engine. The exhaust turbine 60 is divided by a partition wall 62 into two scroll chambers 63, 64 for large capacity and small capacity having different flow passage areas, which are arranged in the axial direction in the turbine case 61. The tip of the partition wall 62 is brought close to the blade inlet on the outer periphery of the turbine blade 67, and the nozzle portions 65 and 66 are
Is divided into two in the axial direction. The nozzle width divided into two is set according to the capacities of the two scroll chambers 63 and 64 communicating with each other. A valve 68 that can open and close the flow path inlet having the larger flow path area of the two flow paths connected to the scroll chambers 63 and 64 is provided at the scroll entrance portion.

The exhaust turbine 60 closes the valve 68 to flow the exhaust gas only to the scroll chamber 64 having a smaller flow passage area when the supercharging pressure is low at a low engine speed, and gradually opens the valve 68 at a high engine speed. The scroll chamber 63 having the larger passage area is operated so that the exhaust gas also flows.

Further, FIG. 3 shows another structure of the exhaust turbine, and more particularly, the scroll and the nozzle. The parts shown in FIG. 3 are the same as the parts shown in FIG.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, in the exhaust turbine supercharger shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the scroll chambers 63, 64 and the nozzles 65, 66 are provided in order to efficiently and sufficiently obtain a sufficient supercharging pressure in a wide range from the engine low speed to the high speed. The scroll flow area used at low speed is reduced as much as possible in order to change the capacity drastically, and the scroll chambers 63 and 64 are divided into two, and the valve 68, that is, the open / close shutter is installed in one turbine scroll part. , The nozzle area is variable.

However, with respect to the above, the turbine casing is made of only castings with respect to the turbine passage, and does not have a purpose consciousness of insulating the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine.

Also, regarding the two turbine passages, it is clear that the two scrolls are not integrally formed but the scrolls of both are integrally formed. Therefore, the shape of the turbine passages is accurately and robustly constructed during manufacturing. In addition, there is a problem in that a desired shape can be easily manufactured.

By the way, the applicant of the present application filed Japanese Patent Application No.
-250234 discloses a turbocharger with a rotating electric machine. The turbocharger with rotating electric machine is
Providing a turbine with a rotating electric machine in the exhaust pipe of the engine,
Exhaust energy is regenerated and supplied to an electric load, and a control unit that controls exhaust energy that is pumped to the turbine according to the amount of electricity demanded by the electric load and an adjusting unit that adjusts the electric output of the rotating electric machine are provided. The feature is that it is provided. Such a turbocharger with rotating electric machine is
Although the turbine scroll is divided into two parts, it is difficult to manufacture the turbine scroll divided into two parts.

Further, the turbine and the compressor are connected by a turbine shaft, and a rotating electric machine that is an AC machine is arranged on the turbine shaft. The rotating electric machine is composed of, for example, a rotor made of a strong permanent magnet and a stator having a three-phase winding.

However, the permanent magnet is extremely vulnerable to heat, and its demagnetization rate deteriorates significantly when the temperature rises above about 200 ° C. For permanent magnets, for example, about 200
The demagnetization rate at 0 ° C is about 5%, but the demagnetization rate at about 300 ° C has a property of reaching about 30%. Therefore, it becomes a big problem to shield the heat transmitted from the turbine so that the rotating electric machine is not affected by the heat from the turbine, that is, the exhaust gas.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is easy to configure the turbine case forming the turbine passage by casting and to configure the turbine scroll with two main ports and two sub ports. A turbine that provides a structure and can be easily manufactured to have a desired shape by accurately and robustly configuring the shapes of the main port and the sub-port to a desired size, and the turbine becomes a high temperature state from exhaust gas exhausted from the engine. The heat transmitted by the radiant heat is shielded by the heat insulating gasket, the rotating electric machine disposed between the turbine and the compressor is protected from the bad influence due to the high heat, and the thermal energy of the exhaust gas is changed according to the engine operating state. It is to provide a turbocharger that can be efficiently collected.

[Means for solving the problem]

The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, according to the present invention, in a turbocharger having a rotating electric machine arranged in a center housing on a shaft connecting a turbine and a compressor, a main port formed in a turbine case, between the turbine case and the center housing is provided. A housing arranged, a sub-port adjacent to the main port formed by each recess formed in each mounting surface of the housing and the turbine case, and a recess of the housing that is disposed between each mounting surface. The present invention relates to a turbocharger having a heat insulating gasket arranged on all wall surfaces.

Further, the turbocharger guides the exhaust gas only to the sub-port in a state where the gas flow rate is small when the engine is idling, and increases the power generation output of the rotary electric machine.

Further, the turbocharger guides exhaust gas only to the main port when the engine has a high load, and causes the subport to function as an adiabatic air layer.

[Action]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it operates as follows. That is, in the turbocharger according to the present invention, a subport is formed by the recess formed in the mounting surface of the housing and the recess formed in the mounting surface of the turbine case in which the main port is formed, and between the mounting surfaces and between the mounting surfaces of the housing. Since the heat insulating gasket is arranged on the entire wall surface of the recess, the sub-port can be manufactured very easily and accurately, the structure can be made simple and solid, and the ceramic material is provided between the mounting surfaces in the assembly process. A structure that shields high heat from the turbine can be configured by simply connecting the turbine case and the housing with an insulating gasket made of, for example, being interposed, and further extending the insulating gasket to the wall surface of the recess. Thus, the heat can be shielded more completely.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of a turbocharger according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, one embodiment of a turbocharger according to the present invention is indicated generally by the numeral 10. The turbocharger 10 includes a turbine 1 and a turbine 1 driven by exhaust gas of an engine, that is, exhaust gas energy.
And a rotary electric machine 3 that is driven by the turbine 1, and that is driven by the turbine 1 and that is composed of a permanent magnet 26 and a stator 17 that functions as an electric motor or a generator.

Regarding the relationship between the turbine 1, the compressor 2, and the rotary electric machine 3, for example, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No.
-250234 is a structure similar to the turbocharger with a rotary electric machine disclosed by No. 250234.

In the turbine 1, an exhaust blade, that is, a turbine blade 9 is arranged in a space formed by the turbine case 4, the housing 7 and the center housing 8. The turbine blade 9 of the tarbon 1 is attached to one end of a shaft 11 which is a turbine shaft, and the compressor impeller 12 of the compressor 2 is a shaft.
It is attached to the other end of 11.

Further, the rotary electric machine 3 including the permanent magnet 26 and the stator 17 which functions as an electric motor or a generator is arranged on the shaft 11 intermediate between the turbine 1 and the compressor 2.

As for the mounting structure of the turbine blade 9 and the shaft 11, for example, by fitting the turbine shaft of the turbine blade 9 into the fitting hole formed in the joint portion at the end of the shaft 11, The shaft 11 is fixed. The joint portion of the shaft 11 is supported by the center housing 8 via a seal ring.

The compressor 2 has a compressor housing 13 and a compressor impeller 12 arranged therein. Further, a compressor impeller 12 is fixed to one end of the shaft 11 via a compressor shaft.

Further, as described above, the rotating electric machine 3 has the same configuration as the turbocharger with rotating electric machine disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. 61-250234, and is provided so that it can act as an electric motor or a generator. . The rotary electric machine 3 includes a turbocharger shaft that penetrates through the center housing 8, that is, a magnet rotor of an axially extending permanent magnet 26 attached to the central portion of a shaft 11, a stator core of a stator 17, a stator coil, and the like. .

The shaft 11 is rotatably supported via a pair of bearings 14 fixed to the center housing 8. The turbine blades 9 of the turbine 1 rotate by receiving the flow of exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas energy sent to the main port 5 and the sub port 6 which are turbine scrolls through an exhaust manifold (not shown) of the engine, and rotate the exhaust gas with arrow A. Exhaust in the direction of. Also, compressor impeller
The reference numeral 12 serves to convert the pressure of the air introduced into the compressor scroll 15 from the intake port by a diffuser and send the pressure to the intake manifold of the engine. The rotating electric machine 3 is
It is driven by the turbine 1, induces a voltage in the stator coil, and serves to return this voltage to the power supply side.
That is, the regenerative voltage functions to charge the battery or use it as a load.

In the above structure, the turbocharger according to the present invention
10 is characterized by the following constitution. In this turbocharger 10, the housing 7 is arranged between the center housing 8 and the turbine case 4, but the turbine scroll formed in the turbine 1 is composed of two scrolls, a main port 5 and a sub port 6, 6 is constructed by utilizing the wall surfaces of the turbine case 4 and the housing 7.

The mounting surface 21 of the housing 7 for forming the sub-port 6
A recess 19 is formed in the inner part of the above, the main port 5 is formed in the turbine case 4, and a recess 25 is formed in the inner part of the mounting surface 22. The sub-port 6 is formed by a recess 25 at an inner portion of the mounting surface 22 of the turbine case 4 forming the main port 5 and a recess 19 at an inner portion of the mounting surface 21. These recesses 19 and 25 can be easily and accurately formed by cutting the side surfaces of the turbine case 4 and the housing 7.

The turbine case 4 and the housing 7 are heat insulating gaskets.
The mounting surface 21 and the mounting surface 22 are fixed to each other by fixing means 16 such as bolts so as to be in close contact with each other. By the way, the heat from the main port 5 and the sub-port 6 which are turbine scrolls is 70% or more of the total heat transfer amount, and the heat transfer amount to the bearing, the permanent magnet 26, etc. is prevented by preventing heat transfer from this part. It will be greatly reduced.

Therefore, the turbocharger 10 protects the bearing 14 supporting the shaft 11 and the rotating electric machine 3 of the permanent magnet 26 arranged in the intermediate portion of the shaft 11 from heat transmitted from the turbine 1 through which high-temperature exhaust gas passes. Therefore, it is configured as follows.

In this turbocharger 10, a heat insulating gasket 20 is arranged between the turbine case 4 and the housing 7.
The heat insulating gasket 20 is extended and arranged so as to cover the concave portion 19, in other words, so as to cover the sub port 6 on the side through which the exhaust gas passes, and the turbine case 4 and the housing 7 are connected to the turbine case 4 and the housing 7 by appropriate fixing means 16 such as bolts. It is fixed in a sandwiched state.

By arranging the heat insulating gasket 20, the heat insulating gasket 20 can perform a high-performance heat insulating function between the turbine 1 and the rotating electric machine 3 including the permanent magnet 26, and thus shields high-temperature heat from the turbine 1. The rotary electric machine 3 including the permanent magnet 26 can be protected. Also, the housing 7
The center housing 8 and the center housing 8 are fixed to each other by fixing means 18 such as bolts via a heat insulating gasket 23 made of a ceramic material or the like.

Further, it is appropriate to appropriately provide an appropriate amount of air between the heat insulating gasket 20 and the housing 7 or the center housing 8. That is, the heat insulating gasket 23 is extended to the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 11, which is the turbine shaft,
A heat insulating air layer 24 is formed between the heat insulating gasket 23 and the turbine blade 9 side of the center housing 8. Of course, in some cases, the heat insulating air layer 31 may be formed between the inner peripheral surface of the housing 7 and the heat insulating gasket 23.

The turbocharger 10 according to the present invention is configured as described above and is characterized in that it operates as follows.

When the engine is idling or the like, the air flow rate, that is, the gas flow rate is small, and the output of the rotary electric machine 3 that is the generator is insufficient. In such a case, the exhaust gas is controlled to be guided only to the sub-port 6, and the exhaust gas is allowed to flow only to the sub-port 6, so that the rotational speed of the turbine 1 can be increased, whereby the electric power generation of the rotating electric machine 3 is increased. The output can be increased and the power generation performance can be improved.

For this turbocharger 10, the insulation gasket 20
Is installed, the high heat existing in the turbine case 4 is shielded by the heat insulating gasket 20, and the heat conduction to the housing 7 and the center housing 8 is suppressed as much as possible.

Further, since the air flow rate, that is, the gas flow rate is high when the engine is operating at high speed and under high load, a sufficient power generation output can be obtained and a boost can be generated by flowing the exhaust gas only to the main port 5. In addition, when power generation performance and boost are generated using only the main port 5, the exhaust gas does not flow in the sub port 6, so that the sub port 6 serves as an adiabatic air layer and can perform a heat insulating function, thereby further enhancing the heat insulating effect. Can be expected.

As an example of the heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23, for example, an outer surface of a heat insulating sheet containing potassium titanate whiskers as a main component is coated with a metal sheet such as steel or stainless steel. An air layer is formed between the sheet and the sheet. The heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23 are a laminated body in which a plurality of heat insulating sheets are stacked, and the outer peripheral portion is formed by bending so as to cover one metal sheet, and is fixed in a state of being in close contact with the other metal sheet. The metal sheets on both sides of the inner peripheral portion are fixed to each other by a plurality of pipe rivets.

Regarding the heat insulating sheet, for example, whisker-like potassium titanate (K ₂ Ti ₆ O ₁₃ , melting point 1370 ° C., specific gravity 3.2, thermal conductivity 0.00012 cal / cm · sec · ° C.) is placed between stainless steel sheets. In addition, the heat insulating sheet may include carbon as a seal portion, for example, a seal between the turbine case 4 and the housing 7 and a seal between the housing 7 and the center housing 8. It is also possible to improve the sealing function by mixing a small amount only in the part.

There are various materials and configurations for the heat insulating sheets that form the heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23. For example, there are heat insulating sheets having the following structures. First, regarding the structure of the heat insulating sheet, at least potassium titanate sheets and stainless steel sheets are alternately arranged, and the outer surface of the polymer of these sheets is covered with a metal case such as stainless steel. Has been done.

Another heat-insulating gasket is constructed by alternately stacking heat-insulating sheets made of potassium titanate and metal sheets such as stainless steel, and covering the outer surface with a metal sheet, that is, a metal disc. is there.

Further, another heat insulating gasket is formed by reinforcing both surfaces of potassium titanate whiskers with a sheet made of alumina fiber in a sandwich form to form a heat insulating sheet, forming the heat insulating sheet in a laminated body, and covering with a metal sheet. It was done.

Further, another heat insulating gasket is formed by mixing potassium titanate whiskers and alumina fibers, that is, alumina short fibers to form a heat insulating sheet, and forming the heat insulating sheet into a laminated body.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the turbocharger according to the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. That is, in this turbocharger, a recess is formed on the mounting surface of the housing arranged between the turbine case having the main port and the center housing, and the subport is formed by the recess and the recess formed on the mounting surface of the turbine case. Since the heat insulating gaskets are formed on all the wall surfaces of the recess between the respective mounting surfaces and the two are joined together, the sub-portion serving as the auxiliary turbine scroll can be manufactured extremely easily and accurately, and it is simple and robust. Can be structured into structures.

Further, in the assembly process, high-temperature exhaust gas can be passed simply by connecting the turbine case and the housing by simply interposing a heat insulating gasket made of a ceramic material or the like between the housing mounting surface and the turbine case mounting surface. The structure can shield high heat from the turbine. Moreover, high heat can be shielded more completely only by disposing the heat insulating gasket on the entire wall surface of the recess.

Therefore, the rotating electric machine arranged on the shaft connecting the turbine and the compressor can be protected from the high heat of the exhaust gas. However, the rotating electric machine has a permanent magnet, but the high heat from the turbine is a heat insulating gasket,
When the load is high, the heat is completely shielded by the heat insulating gasket and the heat insulating air layer by the sub port, the permanent magnet is not demagnetized by heat, and the rotating electric machine can perform its original function as a motor-generator and operate reliably.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a turbocharger according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional exhaust turbine supercharger, and FIG. 3 is another sectional view of a conventional exhaust turbine supercharger. It is sectional drawing which shows an example. 1 ... Turbine, 2 ... Compressor, 3 ... Rotating electric machine, 4 ... Turbine case, 5 ... Main port, 6 ...
… Subport, 7 …… Housing, 8 …… Center housing, 10 …… Turbocharger, 11 …… Shaft, 19,
25 …… recess, 20,23 …… insulation gasket, 21,22 …… mounting surface, 24,31 …… insulation air layer.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A turbocharger having a rotating electric machine arranged in a center housing on a shaft connecting a turbine and a compressor, wherein a main port formed in a turbine case and arranged between the turbine case and the center housing. Housing, a sub-port adjacent to the main port formed by each recess formed on each mounting surface of the housing and the turbine case, and all of the recesses of the housing arranged between each mounting surface. A turbocharger having an insulating gasket arranged on a wall surface. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is guided only to the subport to increase the power generation output of the rotary electric machine when the gas flow rate is low when the engine is idling. Charger. 3. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein exhaust gas is introduced only to the main port when the engine is under a heavy load, and the subport functions as an adiabatic air layer.