JPH065023B2 - Tarbooger - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a turbocharger applied to an engine of an automobile or the like.

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in the exhaust turbine supercharger disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-138222, the turbine scroll is divided into two parts, and an opening / closing valve, that is, an opening / closing shutter is installed in one turbine scroll part to make the nozzle area variable. Such a structure is disclosed. This will be outlined with reference to FIG.

FIG. 2 shows the exhaust turbine 60 in the supercharger of the exhaust turbine of the internal combustion engine. Exhaust turbine 6
For 0, the inside of the turbine case 61 is divided by a partition wall 62 into two scroll chambers 63, 64 for large capacity and small capacity, which are arranged in the axial direction and have different flow passage areas, and the tips of the partition wall 62 are turbine blades 67. According to the capacity of the two scroll chambers 63 and 64, the nozzle portions 65 and 66 are also divided into two in the axial direction in the vicinity of the blade entrance on the outer circumference of the two, and the two divided nozzle widths communicate with each other. In addition, a valve 68 is provided at the scroll inlet to open and close the flow channel inlet having the larger flow channel area of the two flow channels connected to the scroll chambers 63 and 64.

If the boost pressure at low engine speed is low, the valve 68
Closed to allow the exhaust gas to flow only in the scroll chamber 64 having the smaller flow passage area, and gradually increase the valve 68 when the engine speed is high.
The exhaust gas is made to flow into the scroll chamber 63 having a larger flow passage area.

Further, FIG. 3 shows another structure, particularly a scroll and a nozzle. The parts in FIG. 3 that are the same as the parts in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals with a dash added, and description thereof will be omitted.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The exhaust turbine supercharger 60 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 has scroll chambers 63, 64 and nozzles 6 in order to obtain a sufficient supercharging pressure efficiently over a wide range from low engine speed to high speed.
5, 66 are variable capacities, and in order to greatly change the capacities, the scroll flow area used at a low speed is made as small as possible, and the scroll chambers 63, 64 are divided into two,
A valve 68, that is, an opening / closing shutter is installed in one turbine scroll portion to make the nozzle area variable.

However, in the above-described exhaust turbine supercharger, the turbine casing that forms the turbine passage is made of only castings, and the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine is not insulated. Further, the two turbine passages are not formed separately, but the scrolls of the two are integrally formed. Therefore, in manufacturing, the shape of the turbine passages is accurately and robustly formed and desired. There is a problem in that the shape can be easily manufactured.

By the way, the applicant of the present application filed Japanese Patent Application No.
-250234, a turbocharger with a rotating electric machine is provided. The turbocharger with rotating electric machine is provided with a turbine having a rotating electric machine in an exhaust pipe of an engine, regenerates exhaust energy and supplies it to an electric load, and pressure-feeds it to the turbine according to an amount of electricity demanded by the electric load. A control means for controlling exhaust energy and an adjusting means for adjusting an electric output of the rotating electric machine are provided.

In such a turbocharger equipped with a rotating electric machine, the turbine scroll is divided into two parts. However, in manufacturing the turbine scroll divided into two parts, it is not easy to manufacture, and there are various problems. Further, the turbine and the compressor are connected by a turbine shaft, and a rotating electric machine that is an AC machine is arranged on the turbine shaft. The rotating electric machine
For example, it is composed of a rotor made of strong permanent magnets and a stator having three-phase windings.

However, the permanent magnet is extremely weak against heat, and its demagnetization rate deteriorates significantly when the temperature rises above about 200 ° C. The permanent magnet has a demagnetization rate of about 5% at about 200 ° C., but has a property of reaching about 30% at about 300 ° C. Therefore, it is a big problem to shield the heat transmitted from the turbine so that the rotating electric machine is not affected by the heat from the turbine.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, to provide a turbine case with respect to the turbine passage by casting, and to provide a simple structure for dividing the turbine scroll into two parts. That is, the main port and the sub port can be precisely and robustly configured to have a desired size to easily manufacture the desired shape, and further, heat from the exhaust gas exhausted from the engine, that is, a high temperature state turbine. The heat transmitted by the radiant heat is shielded by a heat insulating gasket, the bearing supporting the shaft arranged between the turbine and the compressor, and the rotating electric machine of the AC machine consisting of permanent magnets are protected from the adverse effects of high heat, It is possible to efficiently recover the thermal energy by confining the thermal energy of the exhaust gas in the turbine passage. It is to provide a turbo charger that can.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention is configured as follows to achieve the above object. That is, the present invention provides a turbine shaft that connects a turbine and a compressor, a housing that is arranged between a center housing that houses a rotating electrical machine on the turbine shaft and a turbine case that forms a main port, and the turbine case and the housing. Recesses formed on each mounting surface, subports formed by fixing the turbine case and the housing in a state where the recesses are aligned, and heat insulation interposed between the mounting surfaces of the turbine case and the housing The present invention relates to a turbocharger having a gasket.

Further, in this turbocharger, when idling with a small exhaust gas flow rate, the exhaust gas from the engine is guided only to the sub-port to increase the power generation output of the rotary electric machine.

Further, in this turbocharger, when the engine is under a heavy load, the main port is opened, the rotary electric machine secures a sufficient power generation output, and boost is generated.

[Action]

Since the present invention is configured as described above, it operates as follows. That is, in the turbocharger according to the present invention, the housing is disposed between the center housing and the turbine case, the recess is formed in the turbine case mounting surface of the housing, and the main port is formed in the housing mounting surface of the turbine case. Since the sub-port is formed by the concave portion and the concave portion, the sub-port can be manufactured extremely easily and accurately, and a simple and solid structure can be formed.

Further, in the assembling step, high heat from the turbine is shielded by simply connecting the turbine case and the housing with an insulating gasket interposed between each of the mounting surfaces of the housing and the turbine case. It is possible to prevent adverse effects on the rotating electric machine.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of a turbocharger according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, an embodiment of a turbocharger according to the present invention is indicated generally by the numeral 10. The turbocharger 10 includes a turbine 1 driven by engine exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas energy, a compressor 2 supercharged by driving the turbine 1, and a permanent magnet 26 driven by the turbine 1 and functioning as an electric motor or a generator. Rotating electric 3 consisting of stator 17
Have. The relationship between the turbine 1, the compressor 2, and the rotating electric machine 3 is the same as that of the turbocharger with a rotating electric machine disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application No. 61-250234 by the present applicant.

The turbine 1 includes a turbine casing 4, a turbine case 4 such as a housing, a housing 7, and a center housing 8.
The exhaust blade, that is, the turbine blade 9 is arranged in the space formed by the above. The turbine blade 9 of this turbine 1 is a shaft 1 which is a turbine shaft.
1 is attached to one end.

Further, the compressor 2 has a compressor housing 13
A compressor impeller 12 is arranged inside, and the compressor impeller 12 is attached to one end of the shaft 11, that is, the other end opposite to the turbine 1 via a compressor shaft.

Further, the rotary electric machine 3 including the permanent magnet 26 and the stator 17 that functions as an electric motor or a generator is disposed on the shaft 11 between the turbine 1 and the compressor 2. The rotating electric machine 3 is, as described above, the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application No. 61-2.
It has the same structure as the turbocharger with a rotating electric machine disclosed in No. 50234, and is provided so as to act as an electric motor or a generator. The rotating electrical machine 3 includes a turbocharger shaft that penetrates through the center housing 8, that is, a magnet rotor of a permanent magnet 26 that extends in the axial direction and is attached to the central portion of the shaft 11, and the center housing 8.
And a stator coil of the stator 17 attached to the stator 17.

The turbine blade 9 and the shaft 11 can be attached to each other by, for example, fitting the turbine shaft of the turbine blade 9 into a fitting hole formed in the joint portion at the end of the shaft 11 so that the turbine blade 9 and the shaft 11 are fitted together. And are fixed. The joint portion of the shaft 11 is supported in the center housing 8 via a seal ring. The shaft 11 is a bearing 1 fixed to the center housing 8.
It is rotatably supported via 4.

The turbine blade 9 of the turbine 1 is rotated by receiving the flow of exhaust gas, that is, exhaust gas energy sent through an exhaust manifold (not shown) of the engine to the main port 5 and the sub port 6 which are turbine scrolls, and rotates the exhaust gas with arrow A. Exhaust in the direction of.

Further, the compressor impeller 12 has a function of converting the pressure of the air introduced into the compressor scroll 15 from the intake port by the diffuser and sending the pressure to the intake manifold of the engine.

The rotary electric machine 3 is driven by the turbine 1 to induce a voltage in the stator coil and return the voltage to the power supply side, that is, to charge the regenerative voltage to the battery or use it as a load. It is a thing.

In the above configuration, the turbocharger 10 according to the present invention is particularly characterized by the following configuration. Regarding the turbocharger 10, the center housing 8
The housing 7 is disposed between the turbine case 4 and the turbine case 4, and the turbine scroll formed on the turbine 1 is composed of two scrolls of a main port 5 and a sub port 6, and the sub port 6 is a wall surface of the turbine case 4 and the housing 7. It has a feature in that it is configured by using.

Mounting surface 2 of housing 7 to form subport 6
A concave portion 19 is formed in the inner portion of 1, the main port 5 is formed in the turbine case 4, and the mounting surface 2
A concave portion 25 is formed in the inner portion of 2. Subport 6 is
Mounting surface 2 of turbine case 4 forming main port 5
It is formed by aligning the concave portion 25 of the inner portion of 2 with the concave portion 19 of the inner portion of the mounting surface 21. These recesses 19 and 25 can be formed easily and accurately by cutting the side surfaces of the turbine case 4 and the housing 7.

The turbine case 4 and the housing 7 are attached to the mounting surface 2 by a fixing means 16 such as a bolt via a heat insulating gasket 20.
1 and the respective outer portions of the mounting surface 22 are fixed so as to closely match each other. Further, the housing 7 and the center housing 8 are fixed to each other by fixing means 18 such as a bolt via a heat insulating gasket 23 made of a ceramic material or the like.

The heat insulating gasket 23 is used for the shaft 11 that is the turbine shaft.
A heat insulating air layer 24 is formed between the heat insulating gasket 23 and the turbine blade 9 side of the center housing 8. In some cases, the heat insulating air layer 31 may be formed between the inner peripheral surface of the housing 7 and the heat insulating gasket 23.

The turbocharger 10 according to the present invention is configured as described above and is characterized in that it operates as follows.

When the engine is idling or the like, the air flow rate, that is, the gas flow rate is small, and the output of the rotary electric machine 3 that is the generator is insufficient. In such a case, the exhaust gas is controlled to be guided only to the sub-port 6, and the exhaust gas is allowed to flow only to the sub-port 6, so that the rotational speed of the turbine 1 can be increased, whereby the electric power generation of the rotating electric machine 3 is increased. It is possible to increase the output and improve the power generation performance.

In addition, since the air flow rate, that is, the gas flow rate is high at the time of high speed and high load of the engine, the main port 5 is controlled to be opened, and the exhaust gas is caused to flow through the main port 5.
Ensuring sufficient power output and boosting.

The heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23 are, for example, those obtained by coating the outer surface of a heat insulating sheet containing potassium titanate whiskers as a main component with a metal sheet such as steel or stainless steel. An air layer is formed between them. The heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23 are a laminated body in which a plurality of heat insulating sheets are stacked, and the outer peripheral portion is formed by bending so as to cover one metal sheet, and is fixed in a state of being in close contact with the other metal sheet. Further, the metal sheets on both sides of the inner peripheral portion are fixed to each other by a plurality of pipe rivets.

The heat insulating sheet is, for example, whisker-like potassium titanate (K ₂ Ti ₆ O ₁₃ , melting point 1370 ° C., specific gravity 3.2, thermal conductivity 0.00.
(012 cal / cmsec ° C.) may be arranged between the stainless steel sheets. In addition, in some cases, the heat insulating sheet may include carbon as a seal portion, for example, between the turbine case 4 and the housing 7. It is also possible to improve the sealing function by mixing a small amount only in the seal portion between the housing 7 and the center housing 8 and between the housing 7 and the center housing 8.

In addition, there are various materials and configurations of the heat insulating sheets that form the heat insulating gaskets 20 and 23. For example, there is a heat insulating sheet having the following structure. First, regarding the structure of the heat insulating sheet, at least potassium titanate sheets and stainless steel sheets are alternately arranged, and the outer surface of the polymer of these sheets is covered with a metal case such as stainless steel. Has been done.

Another heat-insulating gasket is constructed by alternately stacking heat-insulating sheets made of potassium titanate and metal sheets such as stainless steel, and covering the outer surface with a metal sheet, that is, a metal disc. is there.

Further, another heat insulating gasket is formed by reinforcing both surfaces of potassium titanate whiskers with a sheet made of alumina fiber in a sandwich form to form a heat insulating sheet, forming the heat insulating sheet in a laminated body, and covering with a metal sheet. It was done.

Further, another heat insulating gasket is formed by mixing potassium titanate whiskers and alumina fibers, that is, alumina short fibers to form a heat insulating sheet, and forming the heat insulating sheet into a laminated body and coating with a metal sheet. Is.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the turbocharger according to the present invention is configured as described above, it has the following effects. That is, in this turbocharger, a housing is disposed between a center housing and a turbine case, a recess is formed on a mounting surface of the housing, and a recess and a recess are formed on a mounting surface of the turbine case forming a main port. Since the sub-port is formed by and, the sub-port serving as the auxiliary turbine scroll can be manufactured extremely easily and accurately, and can be configured in a simple and robust structure.

Further, in the assembling step, a turbine through which high-temperature exhaust gas passes is formed by simply interposing a heat insulating gasket made of a ceramic material between the respective mounting surfaces of the turbine case and the housing and connecting the turbine case and the housing. It is possible to construct a structure that shields high heat from.

Therefore, it is possible to prevent thermal influence on the bearing of the turbocharger, the compressor impeller, and the like. Further, when the heat shield structure in the turbocharger is applied to a turbocharger in which a rotating electric machine is arranged on a turbine shaft connecting a turbine blade and a compressor impeller, the turbine is used for the rotating electric machine including permanent magnets. The high heat of is completely shielded, the permanent magnets that make up the rotating electric machine are not affected by heat, fulfill the function of the original permanent magnet, and become highly durable,
The rotating electric machine fulfills the original function as a motor-generator and can operate reliably, and can function well as an energy recovery device for recovering the exhaust gas energy of the engine.

Furthermore, a laminated body of a ceramic material such as potassium titanate can be used as the heat insulating gasket, and in that case, it is extremely rich in heat insulating property, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, deformation resistance, etc. The heat insulating gasket can be fixed extremely firmly between the turbine case and the housing, and the heat insulating gasket will not be improperly fixed even if the temperature changes.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of a turbocharger according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing an example of a conventional exhaust turbine supercharger, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a conventional exhaust turbine supercharger. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of. 1 ... Turbine, 2 ... Compressor, 3 ... Rotating electric machine, 4 ... Turbine case, 5 ... Main port, 6 ...
… Subport, 7 …… Housing, 8 …… Center housing, 9 …… Turbine blade, 10 …… Turbocharger, 11 …… Shaft, 12 …… Compressor impeller, 15 …… Compressor scroll, 19,25 ……
Recesses, 20, 23 ... Insulation gaskets 21, 22 ...
Mounting surface, 26 ... Permanent magnet.

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A turbine shaft connecting a turbine and a compressor, a housing disposed between a center housing accommodating a rotating electric machine on the turbine shaft and a turbine case forming a main port, and each of the turbine case and the housing. Recesses formed on the mounting surface, subports formed by fixing the turbine case and the housing in a state where the recesses are aligned, and a heat insulating gasket interposed between the mounting surfaces of the turbine case and the housing A turbocharger characterized by having. 2. The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas from the engine is guided only to the subport during idling with a small exhaust gas flow rate to increase the power generation output of the rotary electric machine. Charger. 3. When the engine is under heavy load, the main port is opened, and the rotary electric machine secures sufficient power generation output,
The turbocharger according to claim 1, wherein boosting is generated.