JPH0621745B2 - Gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention (Industrial field of application) The present invention distributes a gas-liquid two-phase fluid flowing into a header chamber to a plurality of pipes and causes the fluid to flow out, and the pressure loss is reduced. It relates to a small gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor.

(Prior Art) FIG. 23 shows a conventional gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor formed in the upper portion of a vertical shell-tube heat exchanger, for example.

In this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 101, the header chamber 105 into which the gas-liquid two-phase fluid is introduced via the inlet pipe 103 is composed of a header 106 and a tube plate 107, and the tube plate 107 has a plurality of tubes. The heat transfer tube 111 is attached. The upper end of the heat transfer tube 111 is opened inside the header chamber 105, and the lower end is supported by a tube plate (not shown) provided in the lower part of the shell 112.

In the following figures, the symbol g indicates the direction of gravity.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 101, when the medium A flows into the header chamber 105 in a gas-liquid two-phase state, the liquid phase L of the medium A flows in the heat transfer pipe 111a near the inlet pipe 103.
Due to the influence of the velocity difference between the gas phase G and the gas phase G, and the influence of gravity, the liquid amount of the liquid phase L increases, and the heat transfer tube 111b farther from the inlet pipe 103 has the flow rate of the gas phase G conversely. Will increase. As described above, in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 101, since the gas-liquid separation function in the header chamber 105 is not sufficient, the gas-liquid two-phase flow rate flowing inside the plurality of heat transfer tubes 111 becomes uneven. There was a problem that the heat transfer performance deteriorates.

On the other hand, FIG. 24 shows a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 113 disclosed in JP-A-62-245058.

In this distributor 113, a baffle 4 plate 117 is arranged above the header chamber 115.
A hole 119 is formed in the concave portion formed on the peripheral side of. Further, the pipes 123, 125, 127 arranged between the header chamber 115 and the evaporator 121 are formed with holes 129, 131, 133 having different heights, respectively.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 113 thus formed,
The gas-liquid two-phase fluid introduced into the header chamber 115 is temporarily stored on the baffle plate 117, and then the baffle plate 1
17 flows out downwards, for example via holes 119. And the liquid phase L is the holes 129, 13 of the pipes 123, 125, 127.
It is supplied to the evaporator 121 via 1, 133. Also,
The vapor phase G is supplied to the evaporator 121 via the upper openings of the pipes 123, 125, 127. Therefore, each hole 129, 1
If the heights of 31, 133 are the same, the tubes 123, 12
It is possible to evenly distribute the medium to 5, 127 and let it flow out.

Although such a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 113 has a separating function of the gas phase G and the liquid phase L, it has the following problems. That is, since the flow of the medium from the hole 119 of the baffle plate 117 to the lower portion of the header chamber 115 is jetted in a gas-liquid two-phase state with a high flow velocity, the pressure loss becomes large. Further, since the liquid phase L fluctuates, even if the holes 123, 131, 133 have the same height, the flow rate of the liquid phase L flowing out through the pipes 123, 125, 127 may become uneven.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) As described above, in the conventional gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor, the distribution outflow from each tube is caused by the influence of the velocity difference between the gas phase and the liquid phase and the density difference and gravity. Could not be done evenly.
Also. Even if the one described in JP-A No. 62-245058 is applied, the pressure loss becomes large and there is an effect of evenly distributing to some extent, but sufficient uniform distribution cannot be obtained because the liquid phase fluctuates. Met.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor that can evenly and uniformly discharge a gas-liquid two-phase fluid without increasing the pressure loss.

[Structure of the Invention] (Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, in the present invention, a sealed header chamber including a bottom plate disposed substantially horizontally, and this header From an inlet pipe connected to the chamber for introducing a gas-liquid two-phase fluid into the header chamber, and a plurality of pipes attached to the bottom plate so as to penetrate the bottom plate along the substantially gravitational direction and communicate with the header chamber. And a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor that distributes the gas-liquid two-phase fluid that has flowed into the header chamber to each of the pipes to flow out, is provided in the header chamber,
A separation member for colliding a gas-liquid two-phase fluid introduced from the inlet pipe to separate the gas phase upward and the liquid phase downward; Separation means for guiding to the vicinity of the plurality of pipes,
A free liquid formed in the header chamber by projecting the liquid phase separated by the separating means so that the heights of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid inlets of the plurality of tubes are substantially equal from the bottom plate. A guide means is provided so as to gradually guide the fluid to the vicinity of the free liquid surface along the guide surface so that the surface becomes substantially static.

(Operation) According to the above configuration, the gas-liquid two-phase fluid introduced into the header chamber is vertically separated into the gas phase and the liquid phase by colliding with the separation member, and the gas phase passes through the inside from above the separation member. The liquid phase uniformly flows into the lower tubes, and the liquid phase is gradually supplied through the guide means so as to form a substantially static free liquid surface around the plurality of tubes and then flows into the respective tubes. Therefore, each tube discharges a substantially uniform gas-liquid two-phase fluid.

(Example) Hereinafter, the Example of this invention is described in full detail.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to the present invention. This gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 1 is provided integrally with, for example, a vertical shell-tube heat exchanger H as in the conventional case. However, it can also be applied to other devices.

In this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 1, a header chamber 3 is composed of a header 4 and a tube plate 5 as a substantially horizontal bottom plate, and the lower surface of the tube plate 5 is attached to a shell 7 of a heat exchanger. Further, a plurality of tubes 9 are attached to the tube plate 5, one ends of these tubes 9 project into the header chamber 3 so as to be substantially equal, and the upper ends thereof are opened as fluid inlets. The other end of 9 is extended into the shell 7 to form a heat transfer tube of the heat exchanger H. The lower end of the tube 9 as a heat transfer tube is attached to a tube sheet (not shown) in the lower part of the shell 7.

Further, in this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 1, a cylinder body 11 that is opened in the vertical direction is arranged in the header chamber 3, and this cylinder body 11 applies a gas-liquid two-phase fluid to its peripheral surface. The gas phase G and the liquid phase L are vertically separated. Therefore, the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 11 constitutes a separating member of a separating means for separating the gas phase G upward and the liquid phase L downward.

Further, the lower portion 12 of the tubular body 11 is formed so as to surround the plurality of tubes 9, and the lower portion 12 is extended to a length so as to be submerged in the liquid phase L on the tube sheet 5, and its inner and outer peripheral surfaces serve as guide surfaces. Is located. Therefore, in this embodiment, the lower portion 12 of the cylindrical body 11 constitutes a guide means for gradually supplying the separated liquid phase L to the periphery of each tube 9 to form a substantially static free liquid surface S.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 1 formed in this way, when the medium A is introduced into the header chamber 3 from the inlet pipe 15 in the gas-liquid two-phase state, the medium A hits the peripheral surface of the cylinder 11 and the liquid phase L And since the kinetic energy of the droplets is reduced, the droplets will drop downward without being scattered to the distance. The liquid phase L that has flowed down is the cylinder 11
Is gradually supplied to the surroundings of the plurality of tubes 9 from between the lower portion 12 and the tube sheet 5. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the liquid phase L is further attenuated to form a substantially static free liquid surface S around the tubes 9, and the liquid phase L flows evenly from the upper part of each tube 9.

On the other hand, when the medium A collides with the peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 11, the gas phase G
Is separated from the liquid phase, is guided to the upper side of the cylindrical body 11 as shown by the broken line, and fills the header chamber 3. The filled gas phase G is each tube 9
Flow evenly into each tube 9 from above.

Therefore, in the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 1, the gas-liquid two-phase flow is evenly distributed without increasing the pressure loss in the plurality of pipes 9, and the heat transfer performance in the heat exchanger H is improved. You can Further, even when the flow rate of the medium A is increased, the above effect can be maintained by the cylindrical body 11.

FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. This gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 17 has a cylindrical body 11 in FIG.
Instead of this, it is formed in a truncated cone-shaped cylindrical body 19.
The inclined peripheral surface of the tubular body 19 constitutes the separating member of the separating means, and the lower portion 12 of the tubular body 19 constitutes the guiding means.

By forming the tubular body 19 in this manner, the inlet pipe 1
It is possible to enlarge the passage 20 of the gas phase G between the cylinder 5 and the tubular body 19. Therefore, the pressure loss due to the gas phase G is reduced, and the flow rate of the gas phase G can be increased without enlarging the header chamber 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, instead of the cylindrical body 19, a cylindrical body 21 in which an upper portion 21a having a truncated cone shape and a lower portion 21b having a cylindrical shape are matched with each other.
Even in such a case, the same action and effect as those of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 17 of FIG. 2 can be obtained.

In this case, the tubular body 21 constitutes the separating means, and the lower portion of the tubular body 21, that is, the cylindrical lower portion 21b constitutes the guiding means.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. This gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 23 has a vapor rectifying cylinder 25 having a curved slope on the upper part of the cylinder 11 shown in FIG. It is provided.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 23 provided with such a vapor rectifying cylinder 25, the vapor phase G separated from the medium A is vapor rectifying cylinder 25.
The gas phase G as it flows along and smoothly rises up through the enlarged passage 20 and is guided into the opening of the tubular body 11.
It is possible to further reduce the pressure loss due to.

In this case, the tubular body 11 constitutes the separating means, and the lower portion of the tubular body 11 constitutes the guiding means.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

In this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 27, a cylindrical tubular body 29
The liquid receiving plate 31 is provided at the lower end of the liquid receiving plate 3.
1 is attached to the header 4. A plurality of holes 32 are formed in the liquid receiving plate 31, and a plurality of liquid introducing pipes (guide pipes) 31a, 31b, ... Are attached to the holes 32 and penetrate through the liquid receiving plate vertically (gap). 34 is formed. The lower ends of these liquid introducing pipes 31a, 31b, ... Adjacent to the tube sheet 5 and face each other.

In the case of the fourth embodiment, the cylinder 29 constitutes the separating means, and the liquid introducing pipes 31a, 31b, ...
The guide means is constituted by.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 27 formed in this way, the medium A introduced into the header chamber 3 in the gas-liquid two-phase state from the inlet pipe 15 hits the circumferential surface of the tubular body 29 to cause the gas phase G. And liquid phase L is separated. The liquid phase L once collects on the liquid receiving plate 31, and is then guided from the liquid receiving plate 31 to the tube plate 5 via the through passage 34. Therefore, the kinetic energy of the liquid phase L is once attenuated on the liquid receiving plate 31, and gradually supplied from the lower ends of the liquid introducing pipes 31a and 31b to the periphery of the pipe 9 in a damped state, and a more static free liquid surface S is obtained. Can be configured.

Further, evenly falling from the plurality of through passages 34 around the pipe 9 by an equal amount, even if the flow rate of the liquid phase L is increased, the effect of making the amount of the liquid phase L flowing into each pipe 9 more uniform can be obtained. Also has.

In this way, when the lower end of the tubular body 29 is positioned above the pipe 9, the diameter of the tubular body 29 can be reduced, and therefore the space 30 between the header 4 and the tubular body 29 becomes large. . As a result, the medium A is easily separated into gas and liquid, the height of the cylindrical body 29 can be reduced, the header 4 can be made compact, and the passage 30 can be enlarged, so that the pressure loss due to the gas phase G can be reduced. Has the effect of.

FIG. 6 shows a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

In this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 33, a plurality of liquid introducing pipes 31a, 31b, ... And holes 32 shown in FIG. 5 are omitted, and a liquid introducing cylinder 35 is attached to the edge of the liquid receiving plate 31. Is.
The lower end of the liquid introducing cylinder 35 is close to the tube sheet 5. The through passage (gap) 3 is provided between the liquid receiving plate 31 and the header 4.
4 are provided.

In the case of the fifth embodiment, the cylinder 29 constitutes the separating means, and the liquid introducing cylinder 35 and the through passage 34 constitute the guiding means.

Even such a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 33 has substantially the same operational effects as the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 27.

FIG. 7 shows a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

This gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 41 has a cylindrical liquid rectifying wall 43 arranged between the liquid introducing cylinder 35 and the pipe 9 shown in FIG. In the case of the sixth embodiment, the cylinder 29 constitutes the separating means, and the liquid introducing cylinder 35 and the through passage 34 constitute the guiding means.

As the flow rate of the gas phase G increases, the medium A may flow in the through passage 34 as a gas-liquid two-phase flow. In that case, the free liquid surface S of the liquid phase L accumulated on the tube sheet 5 is disturbed, but by providing this liquid rectifying wall 43, the liquid phase L passes through the upper end of the liquid rectifying wall 43, and Since it flows into the liquid straightening wall 43, a substantially static free liquid surface S can be formed. Even if the flow rate of the gas phase G increases, it can be distributed evenly.

FIG. 8 shows a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

In this gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 45, the liquid introducing cylinder 35 of the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is omitted. In the case of the seventh embodiment, the tubular body 29 constitutes the separating means, and the through passage 3
A guide means is constituted by 4.

In the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 45 formed in this way, the liquid separated by colliding with the tubular body 29 once collects on the liquid receiving plate 31, then passes through the through passage (gap) 34, and passes through the header. 4 Tube plate 5 along the inner surface (guide surface of the guide means)
Runs up. Therefore, a substantially static free liquid surface S is formed, and the same effect is obtained.

FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a cylindrical body 51 according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, and the lower edge of the cylindrical body 51 has a lower outer edge instead of the liquid receiving plate 37 shown in FIG. An inclined liquid receiving plate 53 is provided.

In the cylindrical body 51 provided with such a liquid receiving plate 53, it is possible to guide the liquid droplets attached to the lower surface of the liquid receiving plate 53 to the outer edge of the liquid receiving plate 53, and prevent the liquid droplets from directly entering the tube 9. It has the effect of preventing.

FIG. 10 shows a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 55 does not include the liquid introducing pipes 31a, 31b, ... Of the liquid receiving plate 31 shown in FIG. In the case of the ninth embodiment, the tubular body 29 constitutes the separating means, and the through passage 34 constitutes the guiding means. Therefore, substantially the same effect is achieved.

11 (a) and 11 (b) show a tenth embodiment of the present invention, showing the upper cross section of the tube 9 arranged on the tube sheet 5 and its upper surface. In this embodiment, a slit 59 is provided in the portion of the tube 9 protruding from the tube plate 5.

Since the flow rate of the liquid phase L flowing into the pipe 9 depends on the liquid level height h ₁ , even if the slit 59 is provided, the liquid phase L flowing into the pipe 9 changes greatly even if the flow rate of the liquid flowing into the pipe 9 largely changes. There is an effect that the fluctuation of the flow rate of is small.

12 (a) and 12 (b) show an eleventh embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a hole 61 is formed in the upper portion of the pipe 9 shown in FIG. 11 in place of the slit 59. is doing. Even if the hole 61 is formed in this way, the same effect as that of FIG. 11 is obtained.

FIG. 13 shows a twelfth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the tube 9 is provided so as not to protrude from the tube sheet 5, and further, the slit tube 61 having the slit 59 on the tube sheet 5 is provided. Is installed. By mounting the slit tube 61 in this manner, the height h ₂ from the tube sheet 5 to the slit 59 can be reliably set, and the liquid phase L can be more evenly distributed in each tube 9.

FIG. 14 shows a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the tube 9 is attached so as not to project from the tube plate 5, and a positioning plate 63 having a slit tube 61 on the tube plate 5 is provided. Has been installed. Even if such a positioning plate 63 is installed, the same function and effect as those in FIG. 13 can be obtained, and since the slit tube 61 can be attached from the back side of the positioning plate 63, even if the slit tube 61 is long, it can be easily welded. You can

FIG. 15 shows a fourteenth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a pipe 9 mounted so as to project from the tube sheet 5 is shown.
A slit tube 65 thinner than the tube 9 is connected to the. If you want to make the gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor compact,
It is desirable to make the pitch of the plurality of pipes 9 as small as possible, but if the pitch is made small, the flow of the liquid phase L between the plurality of pipes 9 becomes poor. Therefore, if the slit tube 65 is made thinner than the tube 9, the liquid flow path becomes wider and the flow of the liquid phase L improves, so that the pitch of the tube 9 can be reduced.

FIG. 16 shows a fifteenth embodiment of the present invention, which is a plan view of the inside of the header chamber. In this embodiment, the slits 59 provided in the plurality of tubes 9 are formed so as to face inward. In the case of the fifteenth embodiment, the cylindrical body 67 constitutes the separating means.

The medium A flowing in from the inlet pipe 15 collides with the cylindrical body 67,
The liquid L flows on the tube plate 5 and enters the inside of the tube 9 through the slit 59, but the flow rate of the liquid phase L increases and the slit 5
When 9 is facing outward, the flow rate of the liquid phase L entering the inside of the pipe 9 depends not only on the liquid level height but also on the flow rate of the liquid phase L. Therefore, by arranging the slit 59 inward as described above, there is an effect that the slit 59 can be uniformly distributed without being affected by the flow velocity of the liquid phase L.

FIG. 17 shows a sixteenth embodiment of the present invention,
A hollow tube 71 having a plurality of grooves formed on the outer surface of the tube is attached to the tube 9 protruding from the tube sheet 5.

In this way, the vapor phase G of the medium A passes through the hollow tube 71 having a plurality of grooves formed outside the tube, and the liquid phase L flows through the gap between the inside of the tube 9 and the groove. The height of the liquid level accumulated on the tube sheet 5 can be easily changed by changing the gap between the inner side of the groove and the groove or the groove depth, or by changing the insertion depth of the grooved hollow tube 71 and the number of grooves. It has the effect of being adjustable and capable of handling a wide range of flow rates. When the tube 9 is used as a heat transfer tube, the liquid phase L flows along the inner surface of the tube 9, so that a liquid film can be formed on the entire inner surface of the tube 9 and the heat transfer performance is improved.

FIG. 18 shows a seventeenth embodiment of the present invention,
The pipe 9 of the sixteenth embodiment is replaced with a pipe 73 with an inner groove.

In this way, in addition to the effects of the sixteenth embodiment, the hollow pipe 71 having a plurality of grooves formed outside the pipe may have a shallow groove depth, and the thickness of the pipe 71 can be thinned. , Tube 7
There is also an effect that the inner diameter of 1 can be increased to reduce the pressure loss due to the gas phase G.

FIG. 19 shows an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of FIG.

In this structure, a slit tube 61 is attached to the tube sheet 5 or the tube 9, and a hollow flanged pipe 75 is installed inside the slit tube 61. Liquid phase L is slit tube 61
Flows into the flow pipe 9 between the slit pipe 61 and the hollow pipe 75. The slit 59 also has the same effect as that of the sixteenth embodiment by changing the slit length l, and by changing the slit width W, it is possible to prevent foreign matters such as dust from being clogged, and the number of maintenance inspections can be reduced. It also has a reducing effect.

FIG. 21 shows a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.

In this structure, the tube 9 of the sixteenth embodiment and a hollow tube 71 having a plurality of grooves formed outside the tube are fixed by a split pin 77 as a fixture. When the pipe 9 and the hollow pipe 71 having a plurality of grooves formed outside the pipe are fixed by welding or the like, the pitch of each pipe 9 must be increased in manufacturing, but by doing so, Since there is no need to increase the pitch, it has the effect of making a compact gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor.

FIG. 22 shows a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 79 according to a twentieth embodiment of the present invention, in which the tubular body 29 of the seventh embodiment is prevented from protruding downward from the liquid receiving plate 31, Tube 9
A floating plate 81 that floats in the liquid phase L is provided around the
The hole 83 is provided in the. In the case of the twentieth embodiment, the tubular body 29 constitutes the separating means, and the through passage 34 is formed.
The guide means is constituted by.

By doing so, waves are less likely to rise on the liquid surface S,
Moreover, since the liquid surface is also uniform, there is an effect that the liquid phase L can be evenly distributed to the respective tubes 9 even better.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, the gas-liquid two-phase fluid can be sufficiently separated by colliding with the separation member provided in the header chamber.

The separated gas phase is guided upward, and the liquid phase is gradually supplied to the periphery of each tube by the guiding means, so that a substantially static free liquid surface is formed. Therefore, the separated phases can be evenly distributed and flowed out from the tubes without increasing the pressure loss.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view showing a first embodiment of a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view explaining a second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 3 is FIG. And longitudinal sectional views showing other examples of the cylindrical body shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. , 12th
Figure 13, Figure 13, Figure 14, Figure 15, Figure 16 and Figure 17
FIG. 18, FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are respectively the third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and ninth embodiments of the present invention. Longitudinal cross-sectional views for explaining 10th embodiment, 11th embodiment, 12th embodiment, 13th embodiment, 14th embodiment, 15th embodiment, 16th embodiment, 17th embodiment, 18th embodiment, FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 19, FIGS. 21 and 22 are sectional views for explaining a nineteenth embodiment and a twentieth embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 23 and 24 are conventional gas liquids. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a two-phase fluid distributor. 1, 17, 23, 27, 33, 41, 45, 55, 79
...... Gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor 3 ...... Header chamber 4 ...... Header 5 ...... Tube plate (bottom plate) 9,73 …… Tube 11, 19, 21, 29, 51, 67 …… Cylinder (separation member ) 12 ... Lower part of cylinder (guide means) 31, 53 ... Liquid receiving plate 34 ... Through passage (guide means) 43 ... Liquid straightening wall

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP 62-268969 (JP, A)

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A hermetically sealed header chamber including a bottom plate disposed substantially horizontally, an inlet pipe connected to the header chamber for introducing a gas-liquid two-phase fluid into the header chamber, And a plurality of tubes attached to the bottom plate so as to penetrate the bottom plate along the direction of substantially gravity and communicate with the header chamber,
In a gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor that distributes the gas-liquid two-phase fluid that has flowed into the header chamber to each of the pipes and flows out, the gas-liquid two-phase fluid that is provided in the header chamber and that is introduced from the inlet pipe Separation means for colliding to separate the gas phase upward and the liquid phase downward, and a separation means for guiding the gas phase from above the separation member to the vicinity of the plurality of pipes below through the inside; Freely formed in the header chamber by projecting the liquid phase separated by the separating means so that the heights of the gas-liquid two-phase fluid inlet portions of the plurality of tubes are substantially equal to each other from the bottom plate. A gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor, comprising: a guide means for gradually guiding and supplying along the guide surface to the vicinity of the free liquid surface so that the liquid surface becomes substantially static. 2. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the guide surface of the guide means extends so as to extend into the free liquid surface. 3. A liquid receiving plate is provided around the separating member for receiving the liquid phase separated downward by the separating member, and the guide surface of the guiding means penetrates the liquid receiving plate. 2. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the two-phase fluid distributor is constituted by an inner wall surface of a guide tube projectingly arranged toward the free liquid surface. 4. A liquid receiving plate is provided around the separating member for receiving the liquid phase separated downward by the separating member, with a gap between the liquid chamber and the header inner wall, and the guide means guides the liquid. 2. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the surface is constituted by an outer wall surface of a liquid introducing cylinder formed so as to project from an edge portion of the liquid receiving plate toward the free liquid surface. 5. A liquid receiving plate is provided around the separating member for receiving a liquid phase separated downward by the separating member so as to flow down, with a gap from the inner wall of the header, and a guide of the guiding means. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to claim 1, wherein the surface is formed from an inner wall surface of the header chamber. 6. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid distributor according to claim 4, wherein a cylindrical liquid rectifying wall is provided around the pipe.