JPH0622449B2 - Artificial feed for silkworm - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention is an artificial feed for sericulture used in the sericulture industry, more specifically, if the physical properties of the feed are preferable, and if the taste of silkworm and the breeding performance are improved. The present invention relates to an artificial feed for silkworms.

[Prior Art] As an artificial feed for silkworms, one using cellulose powder together with raw materials such as mulberry leaf powder, defatted soybean, citric acid, preservative and agar has been put into practical use. This cellulose powder has been reported based on various research reports that a fibrous substance is required especially as a swallowing factor for silkworms, and it is used based on the reports, but the raw material price is relatively high. Therefore, instead of using cellulose powder, attempts have been made to mix beet pulp, soybean hulls, and fine powder of corn cores with artificial feed for silkworms, and artificial feed for silkworms containing these fine powders has good water retention as feed. It is said that it is suitable for the taste of silkworms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 48-16353). However, it seems that the fine powder of beet pulp, soybean hulls, and corn core is inferior to cellulose powder in terms of breeding performance, and it has not been practically used.

On the other hand, regarding the use of lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose in the artificial diet for silkworms, 5 or more selected from lignin, pectin, and hemicellulose are added to the artificial diet for silkworms for the 5th instar for the purpose of improving the cocoon release rate. The content of 20% is described in JP-B-48-26153, and for the same purpose, one or more kinds selected from lignin and hemicellulose are added in an amount of 1% or more and less than 5%. Although it is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 1943, it seems that artificial feeds for silkworms using one or more of these lignins, pectins and hemicelluloses have not been put into practical use at present due to problems in physical properties.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

As described above, it is known to add a fibrous raw material in an artificial diet for silkworms, but these fibrous raw materials have disadvantages in terms of economy even if they are excellent as a swallowing factor for silkworms, and are economical, Even if it was excellent in improving the cocoon release rate, there was a problem in that it could not be put to practical use due to problems with the physical properties of the feed, the breeding performance of silkworms, or the like. Therefore, the present situation is that it is desired to develop artificial feed for silkworms using fibrous raw materials, which improves the physical properties of feed, increases the taste of silkworms, has good breeding results, and is economically superior. The present invention has solved the problem of providing an artificial feed for silkworms having these effects.

[Means for solving problems]

As a result of various studies conducted by the present inventors for the purpose of obtaining an artificial diet for silkworms as described above, it is possible to obtain an extremely excellent artificial diet for silkworms by adding a dietary leaf eye bar derived from corn fiber to an artificial diet for silkworms. The present invention has been completed based on the heading.

That is, according to the present invention, corn fiber is treated with any one of enzyme treatment, chemical treatment, physical treatment, or a combination of these treatments, whereby the starch, protein, lipid, or inorganic substance contained in the corn fiber is treated. An artificial feed for silkworms, characterized in that 3 to 20% of dietary leaf eye bar containing hemicellulose as a main component is added, and the purpose of the feed is physical properties such as water retention in the feed. It is intended to provide an artificial feed for silkworms, which is excellent in taste, has a good taste of silkworms, and can improve the breeding performance.

The corn fiber used as a raw material in the present invention is the outer skin portion of corn, which is separated and produced by wet corn milling (wet sulfite dipping treatment of corn) or dry corn milling (dry treatment of corn).

The corn fiber-derived dietary leaf eyer used in the present invention is mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose. The corn fiber is treated with an enzyme treatment, a chemical treatment, a physical treatment, or a combination thereof to give a starchy substance. It can be obtained by removing a part or all of proteins, lipids, minerals and the like.

Examples of the enzymatic treatment include a starch degrading enzyme, a proteolytic enzyme, a lipolytic enzyme, and one or several types of fiber degrading enzymes.
A method of adding action under conditions of about 3 to 9 and temperature of about 30 to 100 ° C is adopted. Examples of the starch degrading enzyme include α-amylase and glucoamylase, examples of the proteolytic enzyme include protease, examples of the lipolytic enzyme include lipase, and examples of the fiber degrading enzyme include cellulase.

As a physical treatment method, for example, a method in which corn fiber is crushed by a crusher such as a homogenizer or a hammer mill and a starch material, a protein, a lipid, an inorganic material or the like is sieved and removed is employed.

As a chemical treatment method, for example, an aqueous solution of a mineral acid or an organic acid is added to corn fiber and heated at a pH of about 2 to 5, or a surfactant for food is added to adjust the pH to 3
A method of heat treatment under the conditions of ~ 8 is adopted. As the surfactant for food, monoglyceride, Shuger ester and the like are used.

The amount of cellulose contained in the diet leaf eye bar prepared as described above, the amount of hemicellulose, etc., varies depending on the treatment method, but NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber)
(Neutral detergent treated fiber) 40% or more, preferably 6
0% or more and the content of hemicellulose in NDF is 70%
The above is preferable. When the content is out of the above range, that is, when the NDF value is 40% or less, or when the hemicellulose content in NDF is 70% or less even when the NDF value is 40% or more, the physical properties such as water retention in feed are Cannot be expected, and the palatability of the silkworm becomes poor, which is not preferable.

Here, NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) is the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in foods, and its measurement method is the Journal of the Asociation of Offic
ial Agricultural Chemists, 46 , p825-829,
1963.

Examples of the artificial diet for silkworms to which the dietary leaf eye bar is added include protein sources such as mulberry powder, defatted soybeans, yeasts; lipid sources such as soybean oil and β-sitosterol; organic acids such as citric acid; vitamins; minerals. Antiseptics; Appropriate raw materials out of raw materials composed of excipients such as agar and carrageenan can be appropriately pulverized and mixed to obtain a powder feed. These powder feeds also have a water content of 60-
The artificial feed for silkworms in the form of yokan or sausage such as 80% may be used, or it may be stored in the form of powder and subjected to water addition, steaming and the like adjustment during use in the silkworm period.

In the present invention, the amount of dietary leaf eye bar derived from corn fiber to the artificial diet for silkworms does not lead to improvement of physical properties such as water retention of the feed when it is too small, and when too much, the nutritional balance of the entire feed is disrupted. Therefore, the addition of 3 to 20% is preferable, and the range of 7 to 15% is particularly preferable.

The artificial feed for silkworms of the present invention can be used as a feed for any period of silkworms, but the effect is remarkable when fed to silkworms at the juvenile silkworm stage (1 to 3rd instar).

[Effects of the Invention] The artificial feed for silkworms of the present invention contains 40% or more of NDF and 70% or more of hemicellulose in NDF contains an indigestible component. The feed of this form has good water retention and can be preferably cut into slices and flakes when feeding silkworms. In addition, the silkworm has an extremely high palatability, probably because it contains an indigestible component, and the breeding results are thus improved. Such an effect is particularly remarkable in juvenile silkworms. The reason is that even if a large amount of conventional raw material containing so-called crude fiber is used, the nutritional balance of the entire feed is impaired, and the above effects cannot be obtained.

〔Example〕

Example 1 To a mixture having the feed composition shown in Table 1 and using the diet leaf eye bar according to Table 2, 270 ml of water per 100 g of dry matter was added and mixed, steamed for 45 minutes, and then refrigerated to produce artificial feed for silkworms. A, B, C and D were obtained. A mixture of the cellulose powders shown in Table 1 and a mixture prepared by the same method was used as a control artificial feed for silkworms.

The diet leaf eye bar was prepared by the following method.

(NDF 41% Dietary Leaf Eye Bar) Corn fiber produced separately by dry milling of corn was lightly ground in a mortar and sieved using a 48 mesh sieve, and the residue on the sieve was collected to obtain a diet leaf eye bar. ND of the obtained diet leaf eye bar
F is 41.1% and the content of hemicellulose in NDF is 7
It was 4.5%.

(NDF 60% diet leaf eye bar) Add 70 parts of water to 30 parts of corn fiber produced separately by wet milling of corn, and disperse.
After treating with a homogenizer for 2 minutes, it was washed with water using a 32 mesh sieve, and the residue on the sieve was recovered to obtain a diet leaf eye bar. Of the obtained diet leaf eye bar
NDF is 60.3%, and the content of hemicellulose in NDF is 70.
It was 5%.

(NDF 83% diet leaf eye bar) A corn fiber dispersion liquid (solid content 5%) that was separately produced by wet milling corn had a pH of 7.0.
Adjusted to Bioburase SP-10 [Nagase Sangyo Co., Ltd.
0.4% was added, and the mixture was stirred and kept at 50 ° C. overnight, and then centrifugal dehydration and washing were performed twice. This was made into a dispersion again, adjusted to pH 7, amylase T-5 (manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added, and the mixture was kept at 90 ° C. for 3 hours while stirring. In the same manner, centrifugal dehydration and washing were performed, dried at room temperature and pulverized to obtain a diet leaf eye bar. The NDF of the obtained diet leaf eye bar was 82.7%, and the content of hemicellulose in the NDF was 73.0%.

(NDF 90% Dietary Leaf Eye Bar) An aqueous dispersion of corn fiber separated and produced by wet milling of corn was treated with a homogenizer for 3 minutes, and then amylase [Crystase T-5, manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.] was added. After adding 5% and boiling for 5 minutes, 0.5% amylase was further added and the mixture was kept at 85 ° C. for 4 hours. This was centrifugally dehydrated, washed twice with warm water to form a dispersion again, and the pH was adjusted to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide.
0.2% of protease was added and the mixture was kept at 55 ° C. for 8 hours. Then, after performing centrifugal dehydration and washing with warm water twice, it was dried at a low temperature and pulverized to obtain a diet leaf eye bar. The NDF of the obtained diet leaf eye bar was 91.3%,
The content of hemicellulose therein was 76.6%.

Next, the artificial diet for silkworms thus obtained was sliced with a cutting plate, fed to the silkworms and bred for 13 days, and the growth performance was investigated. The test method is 1 for silkworm kinki x kanewa
The number of plots was 2,000, and the feed was dried at a temperature of 29 ° C. and a humidity of 85% and a humidity of 50% only during the sleep period. In addition, the hair-raising silkworm rate and the silkworm larvae were examined by taking 100 to 200 heads each from four plots from each plot.

The breeding results are shown in Table 3.

The artificial diet for silkworms of this example had good feed properties and was easily sliced. In addition, it had a good palatability and was well fed by the silkworm, and the breeding performance of the silkworm was good.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page (56) References Japanese Patent Publication Sho 56-50540 (JP, B2)

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. An artificial feed for silkworms, comprising 3 to 20% of dietary fiber containing cellulose and hemicellulose as main components, which is obtained from corn fiber. 2. The silkworm according to claim 1, wherein the dietary fiber is NDF (neutral detergent treated fiber) 40% or more and the content of hemicellulose in NDF is 70% or more. Artificial feed.