JPH0623926B2 - Numerical control device - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a numerical control device such as a numerically controlled milling machine, a numerically controlled lathe, a machining center, or the like, which can easily and quickly input a machining shape in two-dimensional contour cutting. It was made possible.

<Prior Art and Problems> There are various input methods to the numerical control device, but two typical conventional examples I and II will be described.

Conventional example I (in the case of FIG. 7 to FIG. 9): FIG. 7 shows the display portion of the input panel, and 1 is the display portion CR.
T and 2 are input keys such as soft keys and echo keys. C
Input data is displayed on the screen of RT1. In the drawing,
SNO indicates a data number, and a distinction between a straight line and a circular arc is input to PTN. "Chiyoku" means a straight line, "CCW
"Enco" means a counterclockwise arc.

Further, the coordinate values of the end points are input to X and Y, the radius is input to R / θ for a circular arc, and the inclination angle is input for a straight line. Enter the center coordinates of the arc in I and J, and select the intersection or contact point (P, P,
(Hidari, Migi), and the chamfer data in CNR. ? The mark means that it is calculated by automatic calculation.

Drawing a figure from the data displayed on the screen of FIG.
It becomes like the figure. That is, the data No. 1 indicates "chiyoku", X (100), and Y (100), which means that the end point (li) of the virtual straight line (chi) is x, y (100, 100). This point (i) is the data No. 2 "chiyoku",
It also indicates that it is the starting point of R / θ (30). Data No.
"CCW Enco" of 3 is a counterclockwise circular arc, and its center coordinate (wa) is I (200), J (150), so x, y
(200, 150). Data No. 2 straight line and data N
o. Since it intersects with the circular arc of 3 at two points (nu) and (ru), it is necessary to specify whether the intersection to be selected is right or left. In 2, P (Hidari) is entered. Therefore, the contour of cutting is
As shown by the solid line in FIG. 8, it follows a straight line from the start point (ri) to the point (nu), and further follows a circular arc in the counterclockwise direction from the point (nu) to the end point (e). . However, the end point (e) is data N
o. Point x, y designated by X (250), Y (150) of 3
(250, 150).

As a modification of FIG. 8, when a straight line and an arc are in contact with each other as shown in FIG. 9, the data No. in FIG. In 2, R / θ (3
By setting R / θ (?) And P (Shatter) instead of 0), the lower contact “N” is selected and as shown by the solid line (R)
→ (nu) → (o) outline is drawn. In addition, if P (ue),
The upper contact (nu ') is selected and the contour is (ri) ~ (nu') ~ (nu) ~
It becomes (e).

However, the drawback of this conventional example I is
Since only the portion corresponding to the solid line in the figure and FIG. 9 is entered, and the extended portion corresponding to the broken line is not entered,
When inputting data, the operator has to draw an extension part in his head to make a judgment, and the input work is very complicated.

Conventional example II (in the case of FIGS. 10 to 12): In this method, in addition to the numerical values relating to the dimensions, C of FIG.
As shown on the screen of RT1, if there is an intersection, enter "right analysis" or "left analysis" for route designation. As a result, when the straight line and the arc intersect as shown in FIG. 11, either of the two intersections 3 and 4 is selected. In this case, the operator can enter the data only with the information of the actual drawing, and it is not necessary to draw the extension portion in mind.

However, in the conventional example II, when a straight line or an arc is in contact, whether it is "forward" or "backward" at the contact point, and whether the central angle of the contacting arc is 180 ° or more or less than 180 °, that is, "great circle" or "small circle" You have to enter such a matter. In the example of FIG. 12, both circles 5 and 6 are clockwise (C
Consider a case in which the third circle is in contact with these circles 5 and 6. After inputting the circle 5, if the third circle is input as "contact / backward / great circle" and then the circle 6 is set as "contact / backward", the route shown by 7 in FIG. 12 is selected.
When the third circle is input as "contact / advance / small circle" after the circle 5 is input and then the circle 6 is set as "contact / advance", the route shown by 8 in FIG. 12 is selected.

As described above, in Conventional Example II, when there is a contact, there are many items that must be input, and the input work is complicated.

<Problems to be Solved by the Invention> In view of the above-mentioned conventional technique, the number of items to be input is reduced,
It is necessary to be able to input the numerical control information of the machining shape in the two-dimensional contour cutting easily and in a short time.

<Means for Solving Problems> A numerical control device according to the present invention is a numerical control device that performs arithmetic processing of input information and outputs information of a tool path constituted by a straight line and a circular arc, and outputs the information between the straight line and the circular arc. Distinction, bending direction of the starting point of the straight line, inclination of the straight line, coordinate value of the ending point of the straight line, distinction whether the central angle of the arc is 180 ° or less, the rotation direction of the arc, the bending direction at the starting point of the arc, the arc center Based on the coordinate value of, the radius of the arc and the coordinate value of the end point of the arc, and the shape input part that can input these and the input information from the shape input part, the mutual relationship between the adjacent straight line or arc is determined. If not, it is assumed that they are in contact with each other and the tool only advances at the contact point, the calculation section that automatically calculates the required tool path information, and the error message display section that displays an error message when automatic calculation is not possible. Equipped with To do.

<Operation> Analysis of actual machining drawings shows that (1) whether straight lines or arcs touch or intersect adjacent objects can be automatically determined from the preceding and following information without inputting this information. 2) In the case of contact, it was discovered that the contact only advances along the next straight line or arc, and there is no actual retreat.

By the discovery of (1) and (2) above, input of contact or intersection,
Even if you do not enter the forward or backward movement when touching, or the intersection or contact when intersecting or touching, those that do not have a defined mutual relationship with adjacent straight lines or arcs touch each other. In addition, by giving a condition that the tool only advances at the contact point, the calculation unit automatically calculates and obtains the tool path that matches the input information from the shape input unit. However, if the data is insufficient, the tool path may not be calculated automatically. When such automatic calculation is not possible, the error message display section displays an error message to notify the operator of data shortage or input data error.

<Example> An example of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6 and tables. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is an external view of an input panel of its shape input section, and FIG. 3 is a CRT.
A front view of the screen, FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b) are diagrams for explaining the inclination of the straight line, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a concrete example of a tool path in machining, and FIG. 6 is a flow of the calculation unit. It is a chart. The table is a list of input data examples.

As shown in FIG. 1, the numerical controller 100 of the present invention has a shape input unit 110, a calculation unit 120, and an NC data output unit 130. After the numerical control information input by the shape input unit 110 is processed by the calculation unit 120, N
The tool path which is the calculation result is output from the C data output unit 130 to the NC device 200 of the machine tool, and the actuator 3
00 is operated and the machining work is executed. Shape input unit 11
0 has an input panel shown in FIG. 2 and a CRT screen 11
1, soft keys or echo keys 112, various keys 113 including numerical keys and alphabetic keys. CRT
As shown in FIG. 3, the screen 111 displays a list 114 of input data. 115 is a conversation area, 1
Reference numeral 16 is an error message display area. The input data is first displayed in the conversation area 115, and when the entry key is pressed, it is moved to the corresponding place in the input data list 114 and displayed there.

Data input to each item of the input data list 114 will be described. For shape items, straight lines, CL circles (clockwise arcs), and CCL circles (counterclockwise arcs)
Select one of them with the numerical keys. For folding items, use the numeric keypad to select left or right turning in the direction of travel. With regard to the item of arc, a small arc is selected by the numerical keys when the central angle of the arc is less than 180 °, and a large arc is selected when the central angle of the arc is 180 ° or more. For the items I and J, in the case of a straight line, the x and y values representing the inclination of the straight line are input, and in the case of a circular arc, the x coordinate value and the y coordinate value of the center are input. For the R / θ item, enter the slope for a straight line and the radius for an arc. For the X and Y items, enter the x coordinate value and the y coordinate value of the end point. For reference, chamfer information is input for the corner item, and feed speed information is input for the F item.

It is not always necessary to input data for all of the above items in the input data list 114. For the items that have not been input, the calculation unit 120 automatically calculates the data and displays the data. When doing this automatic calculation,
Occasionally, arc data is needed. When data cannot be obtained by automatic calculation due to lack of data, an error message display unit (not shown) displays an error message in the display area 116.

The calculation unit 120 performs automatic calculation according to the following promises (a) to (e). That is, (a) If the shape is a straight line and there is freedom in either or both of the inclination and the position, and either or both of its front and rear shapes are circles, then the straight line must be in either the front or rear or both circles. I will contact you.

(b) If the shape is a CL circle or CCL circle and there is a degree of freedom in the center position, the CL circle or CCL circle shall be in contact with the straight lines or circles before and after that.

(c) In case of contact, only forward movement at the contact point and no backward movement in the tool path.

(d) As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the inclination of the straight line is the angle formed by the forward direction of the straight line, that is, the actual tool traveling direction 400 and the positive direction of the X axis. The angle is counted from the direction with the counterclockwise direction as positive.

(e) If there are two or more straight lines or circles, and if there are two or more intersections or contact points when automatically calculated, the one that matches the information entered in the arc item is automatically Shall be selected.

Next, with respect to the tool path shown in FIG. 5, data input and operation of the calculation unit will be described. In FIG. 5, point (a) is the coordinate origin, x is the horizontal axis, y is the vertical axis, and the tool path is shown by a thick solid line (b)-(c)-(d)-(e)-(f). ) ~ (B). The input coordinate list is as follows.

First, enter the starting point. The coordinates of the starting point (b) are (100, 20
Since it is 0), the input is input as X (100), Y (200).

Next, since the straight lines (b) to (c) pass through the starting point (b) and contact the arcs (c) to (d), No. Input data of 1 is only input as "shape" (straight line).

Next, arcs (c) to (d) are arcs with center coordinates (150, 430) and radius (130) that progress in the clockwise direction.
Since it is in contact with (e), No. The input data of 2 is "shape" (CL circle), I (150), J (430), R / θ
Implanted as (130).

Next, the arcs (d) to (e) have a radius of (80) and the previous arcs (c) to (d).
It is a small arc that touches both the next arc and the next arc (e) to (f), and advances in the counterclockwise direction. The input data of 3 is input as “shape” (CCL circle), “arc” (small), and R / θ (80).

Next, since the arcs (e) to (f) are arcs that proceed in the clockwise direction and have center coordinates of (530, 310) and a radius of (100), No. Input data of 4 is "shape" (CL circle), I
(530), J (310), R / θ (100)

Furthermore, the straight line (f) to (b) is at an angle of 192 ° and the (b) point (100, 20
No. 0) is the end point, and at the point (f), the arc is turned from the arcs (e) to (f) to the right. In the input data of 5, "shape" (straight line), "fold" (right), R / θ (192), X (100) and Y (200) indicating the end point are input.

The arithmetic processing in the arithmetic unit 120 based on the above-mentioned input data will be described with reference to the flow chart shown in FIG. First,
Here, note 1 to note 7 in FIG. 6 will be described.

Note 1: In step 601, the structure of the input data is as described above, in the case of a straight line, the slope (including the direction), the end point,
And all or part of the folding direction (distinction between right and left). In case of arc, center, radius, rotation direction (CL circle and CC
L circle distinction), bending direction (right and left distinction), and small arc
It is all or part of the distinction of a great arc.

Note 2: In step 602, n = 1 (n is data N
o. ), The end point of the (n-1) th row is the start point read in step 600, and the equation of the (n-1) th row is not found. For the (n-2) th row, both the end point and the equation are obtained. Not yet.

Note 3: In step 602 and the like, the expression means a linear expression or a circular expression.

Note 4: In step 602, when the formula is obtained,
This means that you have enough data to find the formula.

Note 5: In Steps 606 and 615, if there are two or more opposite points, select one that matches the folding direction.

Note 6: If there are two or more contacting circles in steps 614, 631, 634, select one that matches the rotation direction of the circle and the distinction between the small arc and the large arc.

Note 7: In step 635, the end points of the n-th row and the (n-1) th row have already been obtained, so if the line is a straight line, the equation must already have been obtained, so this step does not come. . Therefore, here, one circle that matches the bending direction and the distinction between the small arc and the large arc is selected.

The arithmetic unit 120 processes the input data shown in the table as follows.

(1) First, at the first stage 600 of the program, the starting point
Read the data X, Y (100, 200) in (b).

(2) Next, set n = 1, and in step 601, No. The data "shape" (straight line) of 1 is read.

(3) In the next step 602, the end point of the (n-1) th row, in this case, the starting point (b), is determined, but the nth row, that is, No. 1 here. Since only a straight line is input in the row of 1, the formula of this straight line cannot be obtained.

(4) Therefore, after the steps 603, 623, 624 and 625, n = 2 is set and the process returns to the data reading step 601.

(5) In Step 601, No. Read the data of 2.

(6) No. The data of 2 is a circle in the clockwise direction, and both the center (150, 430) and the radius (130) are input, so the equation of the circle in the second row is obtained in step 602.
(Automatic calculation) (7) Therefore, next, through step 603, step 60
Go to 4. However, in step 604, the data N is still
o. Since the expression of 1 has not been found, go to step 611. Also in this step 611, the data No. Since the end point (X, Y) of 1 has not been found, go to step 616. Next, at step 616, the end point of the (n−2) th row has been input as the start point (b), that is, X, Y (100, 200) as described above, so the procedure goes to step 617. Step 61
In No. 7, data No. The straight line of No. 1 is the data No. Two
It is required to touch the circle of. At this time, based on the above-mentioned promise (c) of "advancing at a contact point", a single straight line expression that matches this is obtained. (Automatic calculation) (8) Then, in step 622, the data No. It is obtained assuming that the end point of 1 is the contact point. (Automatic calculation) (9) Next, in step 607, the data No. Since the equation of the straight line of 1 has already been obtained, the next step 608
Go to At step 608, the end point of the (n−2) th row is found to be the starting point, and therefore step 609 is performed and n = 3 is set to return to step 601. Step 601
No. Read the data of 3.

(10) No. The data of 3 is a counterclockwise circle with radius (8
Since only "0" is entered, the data No. is entered in step 602. Equation 3 cannot be obtained.

(11) Then, go to step 623 via step 603, and enter the data No. Since the expression of 2 has already been obtained, go to step 627. However, data No. Since the end point of No. 2 has not been obtained yet, the process goes to step 628, but the data No. Since the end point of 3 has not been obtained yet, go to step 629. In step 629, the data No. 3 and No. Since both 2 are yen, go to step 607.

(12) In step 607, the data No. Since the equation (2) has already been obtained, the process proceeds to the next step 608. In step 608, the data No. Since the end point of 1 has already been obtained in (8), n = 4 is set in step 609, and the process returns to step 601. Here, No. Read the data of 4.

(13) No. The data of 4 is a circle in the clockwise direction and the center (53
Since 0,310) and the radius (100) have been entered, the data No. is entered in step 602. Equation 4 is obtained. (Automatic calculation) (14) Accordingly, steps 603 to 604, 611, 6
After going through steps 16,618, go to step 620.

(15) In step 620, the No. for which the formula is obtained is obtained. 4 and No. The calculation unit No. 2 is a circle that touches both of the two figures. The formula for the circle of 3 is required. At this time,
Data No. Data No. by the direction of rotation of each circle of 2, 3 and 4, the promise of "advancing at the contact point", and the distinction whether the angle formed by the arc is less than 180 ° (small arc) or 180 ° or more (large arc). ． The circle of 3 is set to one. Of course, the formula can be obtained.
(Automatic calculation) (16) Next, in step 621, the data No. Find the end point of 2. In step 622, the data No. Find the end point of 3. (Automatic calculation).

(17) Then, through steps 607, 608 and 609, n = 5 is set and the process returns to step 601. Read the data of 5.

(18) No. The data of No. 5 is a straight line, and since the slope (192) and the end points X, Y (100, 200) are input, the data No. Equation 5 is obtained. (Automatic calculation) (19) Therefore, the process proceeds from step 603 to step 604, 605 and then to step 606.

(20) In step 606, the data No. The end point of No. 4 is the data No. Circle 4 and data no. Obtained as the intersection with the straight line of 5. At this time, No. Since the right turn is input to the data of 5, only one of the two existing intersections is selected. (Automatic calculation) (21) Data No. Since the end point of 5 has already been input as described above, all the data necessary for the tool path has been obtained by the above (1) to (20).

After the calculation processing is performed in this manner, the calculation result is given to the NC device 200 from the NC data output unit 130 as a tool path.

<Effect of the Invention> According to the present invention, as compared with the conventional input data item, the item of contact or intersection, and the item of forward or backward when contacting are unnecessary.

Therefore, when inputting the shape information of arbitrary contour cutting consisting of arcs and straight lines into the numerical control device, (1) Since it is sufficient to enter only the information entered in the normal machining drawing, It is easy to understand because there is no need to consider the extension.

(2) Input the information items required to automatically calculate the intersections and points of contact between straight lines and circles, only to distinguish between left and right turns and whether the center angle of the arc is less than 180 ° or more. Work is easy and can be done in a short time.

(3) Since the number of information items to be entered is smaller than before, it is possible to display the input data list on the screen of an inexpensive CRT, which allows the operator to always check how much data has been entered, which makes input work even more difficult. It will be easier.

(4) In addition, when automatic calculation is not possible due to lack of data, an error message is displayed so that the operator can know insufficient data input or incorrect data input.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 to 6 relate to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the embodiment, FIG. 2 is an external view of an input panel of its shape input section, and FIG. 3 is a front view of a CRT screen. Figure, 4th
(A) and (b) are diagrams for explaining the inclination of a straight line, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a concrete example of a tool path in machining, and FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a computing section. 7 to 9 relate to the conventional example I, FIG. 7 is a front view of the input panel, and FIGS. 8 and 9 are principle explanatory views. 10 to 12 relate to Conventional Example II, FIG. 10 is a front view of the input panel, and FIGS. 11 and 12 are principle explanatory views. In the drawings, 100 is a numerical controller, 110 is a shape input unit, 111 is a CRT screen, 112 is a soft key or echo key, 1
Reference numeral 13 is various keys including numerical keys and Kanji keys, 120 is a calculation unit, and 130 is an NC data output unit.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A numerical control device for calculating and outputting input information of a tool path composed of a straight line and a circular arc, the distinction between the straight line and the circular arc, the bending direction of the starting point of the straight line, the inclination of the straight line, The coordinate value of the end point of the straight line, the distinction whether the center angle of the arc is 180 ° or less, the rotation direction of the arc, the bending direction at the start point of the arc, the coordinate value of the center of the arc, the radius of the arc and the coordinates of the end point of the arc. Values, the shape input section that can input these values, and those that have no defined mutual relationship with the adjacent straight line or arc based on the input information from the shape input section are in contact with each other and the tool advances at the contact point. A numerical control device comprising a calculation unit for automatically calculating information on a required tool path and an error message display unit for displaying an error message when automatic calculation is impossible.