JPH0626487B2 - Method and apparatus for harvesting headed vegetables - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention mainly relates to a harvesting method and a harvesting apparatus for harvesting heading vegetables such as cabbage and Chinese cabbage.

(Prior Art) Generally, this type of headed vegetable has a property of being soft and easily damaged, and soil is easily mixed in the headed vegetable at the time of harvesting. Administratively, it is usually done manually. However, since manual harvesting requires a lot of labor and is inefficient, there is a demand for harvesting by mechanical means.

Therefore, as described in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 49-136752, a heading vegetable is sandwiched with a heading vegetable, extracted from the field, the rhizome portion is cut off during transportation, and unnecessary root leaves are removed to drive the heading vegetable. There is known a configuration in which the undesired roots and leaves are transported to the package section and the unnecessary roots and leaves are ejected to the field.

Further, as described in JP-A-53-103843, there is known a configuration in which the rhizome is cut and left in the field, and unnecessary roots and leaves are discharged to the field by a conveyor.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the configuration described in each of the publications, it is preferable in that the headed vegetables can be harvested by mechanical means, however, the rhizomes and unnecessary root leaves cut and removed from the headed vegetables. Since residues such as parts remain in the field, when bulb-grown vegetables are continuously cropped in this field, miscellaneous bacteria such as root-knot fungi are generated, and the bulb-grown vegetables are not likely to sprinkle or spoil, which is why continuous cropping is not possible. There is an agricultural problem that it is difficult to do so and it is forced to change crops.

Therefore, a dedicated residue collector is required to collect residues such as rhizomes and unnecessary root leaves after harvesting headed vegetables, which requires a lot of labor and is not preferable in reducing production costs. There is.

The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and it is possible to arrange and harvest head-bound vegetables in the field continuously and mechanically by a mechanical means, and to remove them from the head-bound vegetables. And unnecessary roots and leaves can be reliably captured, it is possible to reliably prevent these fields remaining,
Therefore, it is possible to reliably carry out the rhizome and unnecessary roots and leaves that cause miscellaneous bacteria such as root knot fungus to the outside of the field, and it is not necessary to collect these residues separately, and continuous cropping is possible. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for harvesting headed vegetables and a device therefor.

(Means for Solving the Problem) The method for harvesting heading vegetables of the present invention is to remove the heading vegetables from the field while pinching the heading vegetables, and to hold the heading vegetables and convey them rearward, from the heading vegetables during the conveyance. The rhizome is cut and removed, and the rhizome is dropped and stored in the first container. After the rhizome is removed, the heading vegetables are unpinched, and unnecessary root leaves are removed from the heading vegetables and The headed vegetables after the root leaves are removed are conveyed to the packaging unit for packaging, and the unnecessary root leaves removed from the headed vegetables are shredded and stored in the second container.

Further, the heading vegetable harvesting device of the present invention is provided with a pair of extraction blades which are arranged with a high inclination in the rear part and which are pulled out from the field with the heading vegetables sandwiched between them, and the rearward inclination of the pair of extraction blades. And a pair of rotatable conveyors that pinch the headed vegetables to convey them backward and release the holding of the headed vegetables at the unloading end, and a pair of lifting conveyors provided at the middle lower part of the pair of lifting conveyors. A cutter that cuts and removes the rhizome of the headed vegetable, and a first container that is provided below the cutter and that stores the cut rhizome,
A horizontal feed conveyor that is connected to the carry-out ends of the pair of lifting conveyors and transports the headed vegetables after removing unnecessary roots and leaves to the package part, and is removed from the headed vegetables provided facing the side-feeding conveyor. It is provided with a shredding device for shredding the unnecessary unnecessary root lobes and a second container for accommodating the shredded fragments discharged from the shredding device.

(Operation) In the method for harvesting headed vegetables according to the present invention, the headed vegetables are sandwiched and extracted from the field, and the headed vegetables are sandwiched and conveyed backward. Then, during the transportation, the rhizome portion is cut and removed from the heading vegetable, and the rhizome portion is dropped and stored in the first container. In addition, after removing the rhizome section, unclamping the headed vegetables, removing unnecessary root leaves from the headed vegetables, and transporting headed vegetables after removing the unnecessary root leaves toward the package section. To package. Moreover, the unnecessary root-and-leaf part removed from the heading vegetables is shredded, and this fine fragment is stored in the second container.

The method of harvesting headed vegetables of the present invention, when the headed vegetables are advanced from both sides by a pair of extraction blades, the headed vegetables are gradually extracted from the field, and the headed vegetables are held between a pair of lifting conveyors. And is transported backwards. Further, during the transportation, the rhizome portion of the headed vegetable is cut and removed by the cutter, and the rhizome portion is dropped and stored in the first container.

Further, the heading vegetables from which the rhizomes have been removed are unloaded at the carry-out end portions of the pair of lifting conveyors, and are carried onto the lateral feed conveyor. Then, the unnecessary root and leaf portions are removed from the headed vegetables on the horizontal feed conveyor, and the headed vegetables are conveyed to the package section by the horizontal feed conveyor and packaged in the package section.

In addition, the unnecessary root and leaf portion removed from the heading vegetables on the horizontal conveyor is shredded by the shredding device, and the shredded pieces are divided into second pieces.
It is stored in the container.

In this way, the heading vegetables in the field are sequentially extracted from the field, and the heading vegetables are maintained and sequentially harvested and packed, while the rhizomes and unnecessary root leaves removed from the heading vegetables are sequentially captured. It is prevented from being discharged to the field.

(Embodiment) An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral 1 is a machine frame, and a transmission case 3 having a built-in mission 2 is fixed to a substantially middle portion of a front side of the machine frame 1, and an input shaft 4 of the mission 2 is directed to a front portion. And is rotatably projected. Further, a connecting frame 8 having a three-point connecting portion 7 that is detachably connected to the three-point link mechanism 6 of the tractor 5 is fixed to a substantially middle portion of the front end of the machine frame 1.

Next, the left and right support frames 10 are horizontally arranged and fixed to the upper part of one side of the machine frame 1 through front, rear, left and right columns 9,
Brackets 11 are fixed to the lower portions of the left and right supporting frames 10 in the middle. Further, a suspension arm 13 is horizontally projected toward a front side on a front frame 12 fixed between the right and left columns 9 of the front portion, and a main body 15 of a cylinder device 14 is provided below the front end of the suspension arm 13. The base of is rotatably mounted on a support shaft 16.

Further, a rear holding frame 19 holding a pair of rear conveyors near the rear ends of a pair of lifting conveyors 18 tilted rearwardly by a support shaft 17 between the left and right brackets 11 is pivotally mounted. The front holding frame holding the front ends of the pair of lifting conveyors 18
20 is a spindle 21 and the piston rod of the cylinder device 14
Suspended at 22 height adjustable.

In the pair of lifting conveyors 18, a pair of strength members 23 are fixed between the front holding frame 20 and the rear holding frame 19 so as to be parallel to each other at a predetermined interval.
A guide roller 24 is rotatably mounted on a supporting shaft 25 in the front holding frame 20 at the front end of 23.

A drive roller 26 is rotatably mounted on a drive shaft 27 in the rear holding frame 19 at the rear ends of the pair of strength members 23. In addition, an endless belt-shaped endless traveling body 28 disposed so as to face each other is rotatably suspended between the guide roller 24 and the drive roller 26 which face each other in the front and rear portions.

Further, hydraulic motors 29 are linked to the left and right drive shafts 27, respectively. Then, the left and right hydraulic motors
By driving 29, the left and right endless traveling bodies 28 are rotated at the same speed in opposite directions so that the inner traveling portions 30 facing each other rotate backward, and between the inner traveling portions 30 facing each other. In the above, the rhizome B of the headed vegetable A is clamped and is conveyed rearward and upward.

Next, a pair of left and right mounting pieces 31 are fixed to the front part from the lower end of the front holding frame 20, and a pair of extraction blades 32 are fixed to the left and right mounting pieces 31, respectively. A series of communication gaps 34 that communicate with the gaps 33 between the facing inner traveling parts 30 that hold the rhizome B with the pair of extraction blades 32.
And an expanded inlet 35 is formed.

In addition, the pair of left and right extraction blades 32 each have an arcuate support surface 36 that supports the lower portion of the headed vegetable A and guides it to the rear on the upper surface, and the left and right support surfaces 36 are the rear portions. It is formed so as to gradually increase in height.

In addition, a fixed blade 37 is provided on the lower rear side of the pair of strength members 23.
A rotary blade 38, which is slidably contacted with the fixed blade 37, is rotatably mounted on the lower rear portion of the one strength member 23, and the rotary blade 38 is attached to the one strength member 23. Is connected to a hydraulic motor 40 supported by a mounting frame 39. The fixed blade 37 and the rotary blade 38 constitute a cutter 41 for cutting and removing the rhizome B of the headed vegetable A.

Further, an introduction port 43 of a first container 42, which is placed on the machine frame 1 so as to be able to be put in and taken out, is opened at a lower portion of the cutter 41, and is used for a package accommodated in the first container 42. In the bag 44, the rhizome B cut from the headed vegetable A is dropped and stored.

Next, the platform 45 and the left and right supporting legs 46, 47 are fixed to the upper part of the machine frame 1, respectively.
A lateral feed conveyor 48 is disposed and supported by 45 and left and right supporting legs 46, 47. The lateral feed conveyor 48 has a conveyor frame 49 extending in the left-right direction. A drive roller 50 and a driven roller 51 are rotatably mounted on both left and right ends of the conveyor frame 49, and the left and right drives are driven. Laura 50
An endless traveling body 52 is suspended between the driven roller 51 and the driven roller 51, and a carry-in portion 53 on one side of the endless traveling body 52 is located below a carry-out end portion 54 of the pair of lifting conveyors 18. It has been installed.

Further, the portion of the platform 45 located on the outer side of the carry-out end portion 55 of the lateral feed conveyor 48 is a package portion 56, and the introduction port 58 of the cardboard box 57 arranged in the package portion 56 is laterally fed. It is opened so as to face the carry-out end 55 of the conveyor 48. Then, the heading vegetables A carried out from the carry-out end portion 55 of the transverse feed conveyor 48 into the cardboard box 57.
Are to be carried in through the inlet 58.

Further, a mounting port 59 is opened at a substantially middle portion of the platform 45, and is inserted and fixed in the mounting port 59 to a middle of a hopper 60, and the hopper 60 is formed with a wide opening of a charging port 61, The lower side is gradually reduced in diameter, a shredder rotor 62 is rotatably provided horizontally on the bottom, and a discharge port 64 is opened at the lower part of the side plate 63 on the rear side.

The shredder rotor 62 has a rotating shaft 65 rotatably mounted, and a large number of shredding blades 66 are radially provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 65. The cutting blade 66 is a guide plate that is arcuately projected from the lower bottom of the front plate 67 of the hopper 60.
The fixed roots 69 are rotated close to a large number of fixed blades 69 of 68, and the unnecessary root-and-leaf portion C of the headed vegetable A is generated by the fixed blades 69 and the shredding blades 66.
The shredder D is shredded and the shredded pieces D shredded by the shredder rotor 62 are discharged from the discharge port 64 by its rotation.

The hopper 60 having the discharge port 64, the shredding rotor 62, and the guide plate 68 having the fixed blade 69 constitute the shredding device 70.

Further, the introduction port 71 for the discharge port 64 of the hopper 60.
The second container 72 facing the above is placed on the body frame 1, and the handle 73 is provided on the rear side of the second container 72.
A door plate 74 having an opening is attached so as to be openable and closable, and a package bag for storing the fine pieces D in the second container 72.
75 are housed.

Next, the first output shaft 76 of the mission 2 is connected to the interlocking medium.
The rotary shaft 65 of the shredder 70 is interlocked and coupled via 77,
The drive shaft 80 of the drive roller 50 of the lateral feed conveyor 48 is interlockingly connected to the second output shaft 78 of the mission 2 via the interlocking medium 79, and the third output shaft 81 of the mission 2 is further connected.
And a hydraulic drive mechanism 83, which is fixed on the machine frame 1 via an interlocking medium 82, and is composed of a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic tank. The hydraulic drive mechanism 83 is interlocked with the hydraulic drive mechanism 83 by the operation of the hydraulic drive mechanism 83. 29 and 40 are driven.

In the figure, 84 is a wheel rotatably mounted on the machine frame 1, and 85 is a wheel.
Are wheels of the tractor 5.

Next, the operation of the above embodiment will be described.

While the tractor 5 advances to pull the machine, the power from the power take-off shaft 86 of the tractor 5 is transmitted to the input shaft 4 via the power transmission shaft 87 to drive the mission 2. As the shafts 76, 78, 81 are rotated, the interlocking medium
The shredding rotor 62 of the shredding device 70, the endless traveling body 52 of the lateral feed conveyor 48, and the hydraulic drive mechanism 83 are respectively operated via 77, 79, 82, and the hydraulic motor 29 is operated by the operation of the hydraulic drive mechanism 83. , 29, 40 are driven to rotate the pair of endless rotating bodies 28 and the rotary blade 38 in a preset direction.

When the bulb vegetables A are introduced into the inlet 35 between the pair of extraction blades 32 that are advanced, the bulb vegetables A are supported by the support surfaces 36 of the pair of extraction blades 32 so as to be sandwiched from both sides. At the same time, the rhizome B of the headed vegetable A is transferred into the communication gap 34 between the pair of extraction blades 32. In this case, since the supporting surface 36 is formed so as to be inclined rearward and upward, the heading vegetables A are gradually pulled up by the supporting surface 36 as the supporting surface 36 advances, and the supporting surface 36 At the rear end, the rhizome B of the headed vegetable A is extracted from the field.

In addition, the heading vegetables B extracted by the pair of extraction blades 32 are, as they progress, as they are, the pair of lifting conveyors.
It is introduced into the carry-in part of 18, and the upper part of the rhizome B is sandwiched between the inner moving parts 30 facing each other in the endless moving body 28, and the lower part of the headed vegetable A is the inner moving part 30 facing the same. The heading vegetable A is supported so as to be placed on the upper part, and is conveyed upward and rearward in the planted state by the inner traveling parts 30 facing each other.

When the headed vegetable A is conveyed to the position of the cutter 41 on the rear side, the lower part of the rhizome B of the headed vegetable A is fixed blade 37.
And removed by the rotary blade 38 and the cutting root part b
Are dropped and stored in a bag 44 in the first container 42.
As a result, the lower cut rhizome portion b containing soil is removed, so that soil is prevented from entering the stem portion of the headed vegetable A, and the cut rhizome portion b is stored in the bag 44.
The labor and labor for collecting the cut rhizome b are unnecessary.

In addition, the heading vegetables A from which the lower cut rhizomes b have been cut off from the rhizomes B are further transported to the rear as they are, and the rhizomes B at the upper part of the carry-out end portion 54 are clamped by the opposing inner traveling portions 30. Is released and therefore headed vegetable A
Is carried onto the carry-in section 53 of the lateral feed conveyor 48.

Further, the operator picks up the heading vegetables A carried into the carrying-in section 53 of the lateral conveyor 48 on the platform 45, and cuts unnecessary root lobes C including the upper part of the rhizomes B of the heading vegetables A with the cutter 41. After the heading vegetable A is prepared for shipment, the heading vegetable A is again transported endlessly on the horizontal conveyor 48.
It is placed on 52, and the heading vegetables A are conveyed toward the package 56 by this endless traveling body 52.

Then, the heading vegetables A are carried out from the carry-out end portion 55 of the endless traveling body 52, and are housed in the cardboard box 57 prepared in advance in the package portion 56 from the introduction port 58 thereof. At this time, the headed vegetables A stored in the cardboard box 57 are arranged in advance so that they can be shipped. Therefore, by storing a predetermined number of headed vegetables A in the cardboard box 57, the headed vegetables A can be shipped as they are. can do.

Moreover, the unnecessary root and leaf portion C cut by the cutter is a shredding device.
The unnecessary root lobe portion C is thrown into the hopper 60 of the 70 through its feeding port 61, and is shredded by the shredding blades 66 and the fixed blades 69 of the shredding rotor 62 at the bottom, and the shredded pieces D are shredded. Rotor 62
Is discharged from the discharge port 64 of the hopper 60.

Further, the fine fragments D discharged from the discharge port 64 are stored in the bag 75 in the second container 72 from the introduction port 71, and can be packaged by storing a predetermined amount.

In this way, the heading vegetables A in the field are sequentially withdrawn from the field, and the heading vegetables A are arranged so that they can be shipped in stages during transportation, and can be continuously continuously harvested and packaged. This heading vegetable A
The cut rhizome part b and the unnecessary root and leaf part C that have been removed from the above are separately captured, and these are prevented from being discharged and left in the field.

〔The invention's effect〕

According to the present invention, it is possible to continuously harvest the headed vegetables in the field by mechanical means so that the headed vegetables can be shipped, and in connection with the harvest of the headed vegetables, the rhizomes removed from the headed vegetables and the Unnecessary roots and leaves can be reliably captured, and these can be reliably prevented from remaining in the field. Therefore, rhizomes and unnecessary roots and leaves that cause various bacteria such as root-knot fungi Can be reliably carried out of the field, there is no need to perform a separate work to collect these residues, and continuous cropping is possible. Therefore, quality control of heading vegetables and field management considering continuous cropping are possible. It is possible to harvest the heading vegetables efficiently while performing surely.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a side view of a heading vegetable harvesting device, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the same as above, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 1, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along line D-D of FIG. FIG. 8 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of the headed vegetable processing mechanism portion, and FIG. 8 is a perspective view in which a part of the unnecessary root and leaf portion processing mechanism portion is cut away. 18: Lifting conveyor, 32: Extracting blade, 41: Cutter, 42: First container, 48: Horizontal feed conveyor, 5
4,55 …… Unloading end, 56 …… Package, 70 …… Shredding device, 72 …… Second container, A …… Heading vegetables, B ……
Rhizome, b ... Cut rhizome, C ... Unnecessary root lobe, D ...
Shreds.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A heading vegetable is sandwiched and pulled out from the field, and the heading vegetable is pinched and conveyed rearward. During the conveyance, the rhizome is cut off from the heading vegetable to remove the rhizome from the field. Drop and store in a container, and after removing the rhizome, unpinch the heading vegetables, remove unnecessary root leaves from the heading vegetables, and put the heading vegetables after removing the unnecessary root leaves into the package part. A method of harvesting a headed vegetable, comprising transporting and packaging, and cutting unnecessary root and leaf portions removed from the headed vegetable into shreds and storing in a second container. 2. A pair of picking blades which are arranged with a high inclination in the rear part and which are pulled out from the field by sandwiching the heading vegetables, and a heading vegetable which is connected to the rear parts of the pair of picking blades while tilting backward and upward. And a pair of rotatable lifting conveyors that pinch and convey backwards and release the holding of the headed vegetables at the carry-out end, and a rhizome portion of headed vegetables that is provided in the middle lower part of the pair of lifting conveyors. A cutter for cutting and removing, a first container provided in a lower part of the cutter for storing the cut rootstock, and a container connected to the carry-out ends of the pair of lifting conveyors to remove unnecessary root and leaf parts. A horizontal feed conveyor for transporting headed vegetables to the package part, a shredding device provided facing the horizontal feed conveyor for shredding unnecessary root leaves removed from the headed vegetables, and discharged from this shredder. Harvesting apparatus heading vegetables, characterized by comprising a second container for a subfragments, the.