JPH0631948B2 - Tuner - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a tuning device, and more particularly to a tuning device that is suitable for use in performing just intonation tuning.

“Prior Art” A tuner is a device for measuring the pitch of a sound generated by a musical instrument, and various types have been developed. Some of the tuning devices are provided with one display section for showing the tuning condition, and some of the tuning devices are capable of simultaneously displaying the tuning conditions of all 12 tones constituting one octave. For those that can display 12 tones simultaneously, the disk with the striped pattern is rotated at the number of revolutions corresponding to the pitch of each of the 12 tones, and light is emitted at a cycle corresponding to the pitch of the instrument tone. ing. With such a configuration, if the musical instrument sound matches a predetermined pitch, one of the twelve display units appears to be stopped by the strobe effect, so that tuning can be performed visually.

"Problems to be solved by the invention" By the way, there are equal temperament and just intonation in the scale. Here, these will be briefly described. First, equal temperament is a temperament that is practically simple by averaging the pitches of the 12 notes that make up one octave. In keyboard instruments, this equal temperament is adopted because it is easy to transpose. . On the other hand, the pure temperament refers to an ideal temperament that is natural and harmonious, and is a temperament in which all the notes within one octave are composed of a combination of purely harmonically pure notes. Here, the structure of each temperament (including the pure rate minor 7 degree) when the reference tone is 0 cent is as shown in the following table. Just temperament shows an example of C major and C minor.

Comparing the equal temperament and the just intonation, the just intonation is naturally beautiful as the sound. Therefore, it is possible to perform with a beautiful sound by performing according to just intonation.
In this case, a musical instrument whose pitch is fixed, such as a keyboard instrument, cannot be played in just intonation, but can be played in just intonation in a wind instrument or a stringed instrument whose pitch can be freely set. is there. For this reason, pitch training based on just intonation is extremely important when training performers, and the need for it has been increasing in recent years.

However, pianos and other instruments that are commonly used in temperament education are fixed in scale based on equal temperament, and because there is no tuning device that can easily tune by using the pure temperament to match the average ratio It was extremely difficult to learn the law.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, so that even a beginner can easily learn the just intonation,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tuning device that allows tuning with just intonation and can visually check tuning.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, in the invention according to claim 1, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the pitch of the sound input from the outside And a display device b in which a plurality of display portions a for visually displaying a pitch difference between the predetermined scale and at least one octave are arranged, and a setting for setting the predetermined scale to an arbitrary pure scale. It is characterized by comprising means c and display control means d for activating only the display portion corresponding to the sounds constituting the set just intonation scale.

In addition, in the invention described in claim 2, FIG.
As shown in, the equal temperament setting means e for setting the predetermined scale to the equal temperament scale, and after the arbitrary temperament scale is set by the setting means, the equal temperament scale is set by the equal temperament setting means, and thereafter When the pure temperament scale is set again by the setting means, it further comprises resetting means f for resetting the pure temperament scale set last time as it is.

[Operation] In the inventions according to claims 1 and 2, when an arbitrary pure temperament scale is set by the setting means c, only the display part a corresponding to the constituent tones of this scale is displayed by the display control means d. Is activated.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, when the average temperament scale is set after the arbitrary pure temperament scale is set and then the pure temperament scale is selected again, the resetting means f resets the previous pure temperament. The temperament scale is set as it is.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

A: Configuration of Embodiment FIGS. 2, 3, and 4 are a plan view, a front view, and a right side view, respectively, showing the outer appearance of an embodiment of the present invention.
In these figures, the keyboard 1 is composed of keys for one octave and other switches.
Here, FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the details of the keyboard 1, and as shown in the drawing, LEDs 2, 2 ... And LEDs 2a, 2a. Further, the keyboard 1 is provided with a power switch S1 and switches S2 to S6 and S10 to S15 for selecting various modes. The switch S2 is a switch that is pressed when tuning in equal temperament, and the switch S3 is a switch that is pressed when tuning in just temperament. Switches S4, S
Reference numeral 5 denotes a switch that is pressed to specify a major or minor key when just intonation is selected. This is because in pure temperament, major and minor keys have different scales. The switch S6 is a switch that is pressed when a major minor scale of pure temperament is selected and a major minor 7 degree (hereinafter referred to as minor 7 degree) tone is tuned in addition to the major scale. The switches S10, S11, S12, and S13 are switches for designating a tone range in which tuning is performed, and each designates a highest range, a high range, a middle range, and a low range. In this embodiment, the tuning state for four octaves can be displayed at the same time, as will be described later, but the range of four octaves is set by the switches S10 to S13. For example, in the case of a piano, when tuning a note 4 octaves below the highest note, the switch S10 indicating the highest range is pressed, and a note 4 octaves above the lowest note is tuned. When performing, the switch S13 for instructing the low range is pressed. Next, the switch S14 is a switch for designating a mode in which tuning is performed.
Reference numeral 15 is a switch for instructing a sound generation mode. here,
The sound generation mode is a mode in which sound is generated according to the pressed key. In this embodiment, it is possible to produce sound like an electronic musical instrument. Each of the keys and switches described above is of the backlit type and lights up when the key or switch is pressed.

Next, the display unit 3 is adapted to display the frequency of the reference sound "A". The above-described keyboard 1 is provided in the central portion on the front side of the main body, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Further, the main body 3 is provided with a lid 6 that can be opened and closed,
It is a so-called laptop type. This lid 6
An LED display 7 is provided on the inner surface side of the.
The LED display 7 is, as shown in FIG.
The display units 7a, 7a, ... Corresponding to the respective pitch names of each of the display units 7a, 7a ...
It has D display columns 7b _{4 to} 7b ₁ . LED display 7
b ₄ ~7b ₁ is constituted respectively by 16 LED, corresponding to the highest octave column top level, corresponding pitch is adapted to decrease one by one octave with increasing lower row. In addition, each display unit 7a, 7a ...
Are arranged at positions corresponding to the key arrangement of the corresponding note names.

Next, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of this embodiment. In this figure, portions corresponding to the respective portions in FIGS. 2 to 6 described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the figure, 20 is a CPU that controls each part of the device,
It operates according to the program in the ROM 21. RAM2
A working area, various flags, registers and the like are set in 2, and the CPU 20 writes and erases data as appropriate. The output signal of the keyboard 1 is supplied to the CPU 20 via the keyboard interface 23. Further, the keyboard interface 23 is set such that various modes and the like are set by a control signal supplied from the decoder 28.

The oscillator 25 outputs a signal of a predetermined frequency to the frequency dividing circuit 26, and the frequency dividing circuit 26 divides the oscillation output of the oscillator 25 according to the frequency dividing data supplied from the CPU 20. In this case, the CPU 26 outputs the frequency division data corresponding to the pitch of each display unit 7a. That is, since each of the display units 7a can display four octaves, the CPU 26 outputs the divided data for four octaves to one display unit 7a. Output signal Sa of frequency dividing circuit 29
Are selectively supplied to either the amplifier 29 or the comparator 39. In this case, the signal Sa amplified by the amplifier 29 is supplied to the speaker 30, whereby the frequency-divided sound is emitted.

Next, the microphone 35 takes in the sound of the musical instrument to be tuned, and outputs its output signal through a filter 36 to an amplifier 37.
Supply to. The output signal of the amplifier 37 is the waveform shaping circuit 3
After being waveform-shaped by 8, the signal Sb is supplied to one input terminal of the comparator 39. As described above, the output signal Sa of the frequency dividing circuit 26 is supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 39, and the comparator 39 outputs a signal corresponding to the frequency difference between these signals to the LED driver 40. In this case, as the signal Sb supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 39, signals corresponding to 12 tones × 4 octaves corresponding to each of the display units 7a, 7a ... Are supplied in parallel. .
The LED driver 40 is the LED display 7 described above.
The display control corresponding to the output signal of the comparator 39, that is, the display control corresponding to the frequency difference between the signals Sa and Sb is performed for each display unit 7a. Also,
The LED driver 40 controls the differential / non-operation of the display units 7a, 7a ... In accordance with the set mode.

Regarding the signals Sa and Sb, the signal Sb is divided in accordance with an instruction of the CPU 20 so as to correspond to each octave, and the signal Sa has a frequency determined for each note name. Good.

B: Operation of Embodiment Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described.

First, the power switch S1 provided on the keyboard 1
When is pressed, power is supplied to the device and the tuning switch S
When 14 is turned on, the program shown in FIG. 8 is started. This is the tuning mode in the initial state,
This is because the reference pitch A = 442 [Hz], fine adjustment ± 0 [cent], equal temperament, treble range (corresponding to S11 switch), and no transposition state are automatically set. At this time, the switches D and U or the switches S10 to S10
By pressing S13, a subroutine (not shown) is started, and the reference pitch and the displayed range can be changed.
Then, in step SP1 shown in FIG. 8, the process waits for selection of equal temperament or just temperament. However, since equal temperament is set by default, control in equal temperament mode is performed. In the equal temperament mode, as shown in FIG. 9, all the display portions 7a, 7a ... The lighting control in this case is as follows.

Now, the case of tuning the 3rd octave Ra sound, that is, the A ₃ note is taken as an example. First, the CPU 26 outputs the frequency division data according to the equal temperament to the frequency division circuit 26. As a result, the frequency of the output signal Sa of the frequency dividing circuit 26 becomes the frequency of each tone forming the equal temperament. On the other hand, the practitioner who performs tuning emits the A ₃ sound from his or her musical instrument and inputs it into the microphone 35 shown in FIG. 7. As a result, the instrument sound is transmitted to the microphone 35 and the filter 3.
6, the signal S via the amplifier 37 and the waveform shaping circuit 38
b, which is supplied to one input terminal of the comparator 39. As a result, the output signal of the comparator 39 is
For each D display row, a state corresponding to the amount of deviation from the corresponding pitch is obtained. Then, when the instrument sound is slightly higher than the A ₃ sound, that is, between the A ₃ sound and the A # ₃ sound (or B ♭ ₃ sound), the LED driver 40 causes the third octave of the LED display example 7b. As for the sound corresponding to the "A # / B ♭" sound (7b ₃ ), a moving display that flows to the left is displayed as shown in FIG. 10, and the pitch of the musical instrument sound is higher than the sound shown by this LED display example. Show that practitioner is also low. Also, LE
Of the D display examples 7b, those corresponding to the "G # / A ♭" sound, which is a sound below the A sound in the third octave, are moved and displayed in the right direction as shown in FIG. In addition,
The other LED display columns move in both directions as indicated by arrows in the figure. In this case, the LED driver 40 recognizes the difference between the musical instrument sound and the reference frequency from the output signal of the comparator 39, and controls the moving speed of each LED display example based on this frequency difference. That is, the closer the instrument sound is to the A ₃ sound, the slower the moving speed becomes, and the farther from the A ₃ sound, the faster the moving speed becomes.

When the practitioner brings the instrument sound closer to the A ₃ sound, A ₃
The treble difference from the sound is reduced, which causes the LED for sound A.
The moving speed of the display example 7b ₃ becomes slow. Furthermore, when the musical instrument sound approaches the A ₃ sound and they match, the LED display example 7
b ₃ is a stationary display at this time. This static display is
This is a display in which 16 LEDs forming the LED display row blink every four LEDs. The above is the display control in the equal temperament mode. It should be noted that the display of the A ₂ note that is one octave lower is 16
Every two LEDs, every two octaves lower A ₁ sound is displayed every other LED.

On the other hand, when the switch S3 for selecting the just intonation is pressed in the selection waiting state of step SP1 shown in FIG. 8, it is judged as "selection of just intonation" and the process goes to step SP4. In step SP4, the input of a major or minor instruction is awaited. Here, when the switch S5 for instructing a minor key is pressed, it is determined that "selecting a minor key" and step SP
5, the minor mode is set, and step SP8 is reached. When the switch S4 for instructing the major key is pressed in step SP4, the major mode is set in step SP6. After the processing of step SP6,
In step SP7, the input of the switch S6, which enables tuning of minor 7 degrees, is awaited. Here, if the switch S6 is pressed, a mode in which tuning can be performed also for minor 7 degrees is set, and if the switch S6 is not pressed, tuning for minor 7 degrees is disabled. After the processing of step SP7, step SP
Go to 8. In step SP8, the key setting is awaited and all LEDs 2a, 2a ... This is because, in just intonation, even the same pitch name has different pitches depending on the key. By the above processing, one of the just temperaments is selected, and the tuning operation and the sounding operation can be performed. Further, at this time, only the LED 2a corresponding to the selected key is in a lighted state.

Next, at step SP9, it is determined whether or not the equal temperament has been selected. This is because the switch S2 may be pressed to select the equal temperament after selecting the pure temperament, and this is to judge this. When continuing the just intonation, the determination in step SP9 is "NO", and the process proceeds to step SP10. In step SP10,
Just temperament reset processing is performed. If the just intonation is continuing, nothing is done in step SP10 and the process returns to step SP3. Thereafter, the above steps are repeated to continue the just intonation mode.

Here, the display control in the just intonation mode will be described. In the just intonation mode, valid note names are predetermined for each key as shown in FIG. For example, in the pure C major, only the CDEFGAB sound is valid. That is, the tuning state is displayed only for these sounds. At this time, the LEDs 2a, 2a ...
Only the position corresponding to is lit, indicating that the tonic of the set key is C. The valid sound is a sound that constitutes a scale of just intonation C major. The reason why the tuning state is displayed only for the scale-constituting sounds is that the practitioner can learn the pure temperament more easily if the unnecessary sounds are not displayed. However, if the minor 7th is selected in the major, the tuning state of the note of the minor 7th (B ♭ in the case of C major) is displayed in addition to the sound described in the eleventh. The pitch of B ♭ at this time is as shown in Table 1.

Next, an example of the tuning state is shown in FIG. This figure shows the display portions 7a and 7c from the C sound to the E sound when the pure temperament C major is selected and the D sound of the third ocove is tuned.
The state of a ... is shown. As shown in this figure, the sounds "C # / D ♭" and "D
LED display examples 7b _{4 to} 7b ₁ of “# / E ♭” sound indicate that two LEDs are statically lit and these sounds are invalid. Then, the static display LED display example 7b ₃ of D sound, other LED display example performs movement display. However, the entire LED display example 7b ₄ is lights, _{7b 3} in every fourth, 7b ₂ to 2 every other, 7b1 to every other, each blink, can recognize the movement. This is similar to the case of the pacing rate mode described above. Further, FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the entire display state of the LED display 7 in the just intonation C major, and the LED display example of the invalid sound is a two-point still display. Further, FIGS. 14, 15, 16 and 17 show the LED display 7 in the case of just into G major, just into C major 7 degree selection, just into C minor and just into A minor, respectively. Indicates the status.

Next, a comparison process of the musical instrument sound frequency and the reference frequency in the case of just intonation major and just intonation minor will be described. In principle, this comparison process is performed in the same manner as in the case of equal temperament.
And the signal Sb (see FIG. 7) are compared. However, in the case of just intonation, the frequency division data that determines the frequency of the signal Sa is different from the case of the average rate. That is, the CPU 20 creates frequency division data based on the maps shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 and supplies the frequency division data to the frequency division circuit 26. The maps shown in FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are maps for the pure major and the minor major, respectively, and are stored in the ROM 21. These maps are designed to show, in cents, how far the pitch name in each key is from the same pitch name in the equal temperament. For example, in the C major of pure temperament, the tonal C note (do) is the same as the C note of equal temperament, but the D note (re) is 4 cents higher than the D note of equal temperament. Therefore, the E tone is set to be 14 cents lower than that of the equal temperament. The same applies to other tones. The equal temperament map is also stored in the ROM 21, but since the cent number of each note is shown in the above-mentioned Table 1, the map for this is omitted. The above is the comparison process in just intonation.

Next, a case will be described in which the temperament is once set and then the equal temperament is set. When the just temperament is set, steps SP3 to SP10 shown in FIG. 8 are repeatedly executed. If the switch S2 shown in FIG. 5 is pressed during this execution, the determination at step SP9 becomes “YES”,
The equal temperament mode is set in step SP11.
Next, at step SP12, it is determined whether or not the just intonation is selected again. If the switch S3 is not pressed, this determination becomes "NO", and the process returns to step SP9. After that, if the switch S3 is not pressed, step S
The equal temperament mode is continued through the loop consisting of P9, SP11 and SP12. As a result, the display in the average tsu mode described above is made (see FIGS. 9 and 10). Next, when the switch S2 is pressed again to return to just temperament, the determination in step SP12 becomes "YES", and the process proceeds to step SP10. In this case, the processing in step SP10 is the same as the setting in the previous just temperament. That is, if the C major of the just intonation is set before the mode is switched to the equal temperament mode, the C major of the just intonation is set again in step SP10. Similarly, if the last time was the minor 7th degree selection mode of just intonation C major, this mode is reset. In this case, when the key was set in the previous just intonation mode or when the key was switched to the equal temperament mode, the major and minor keys are distinguished, the minor 7th degree is selected, and the key (tonal) is in a predetermined area in the RAM 22. Is stored in the RAM 22. In step SP10, the mode is reset according to the data in the RAM 22.

This resetting is performed so that the practitioner can easily compare the pitch of each note in the equal temperament with the pitch of each note in the just intonation.

In addition, by switching between the sounding mode and the tuning mode, it is possible to compare the utterance of the self or the sound of the musical instrument with the sound of the tuning device by ear, and moreover, it is possible to visually confirm by the display of the display unit. Therefore, it is possible to acquire a correct scale, which is extremely suitable for use in auditory training and music education.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, tuning based on just intonation is possible, so that even a beginner can easily learn just intonation. Furthermore, since the pitch difference of the same pitch name in just temperament and equal temperament can be easily recognized, the learning of just temperament can be accelerated.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the structure of the present invention, and FIG.
FIGS. 3, 3 and 4 are a plan view, a front view and a side view, respectively, showing the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the details of the keyboard 1 in the embodiment, and FIG. Is a front view showing the details of the LED display 7 in the embodiment, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the embodiment, FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the embodiment, FIGS. 9 and 10. The figure shows LEDs in equal temperament mode.
FIG. 11 is a front view showing a display state of the display unit 7, FIG. 11 is a table showing names of notes to be displayed in each key of the just intonation mode, and FIGS. 12 and 13 are LED displays 7 in the C major of the just intonation. Front view showing the display state, FIG. 14, first
5, FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 are front views showing the display states of the LED display 7 in the case of just into G major, just into C major 7 degree selection, just into C minor and just into A minor, respectively. FIG. 19 and FIG. 19 are maps showing the pitch difference between each note in equal temperament and just intonation minor and each equal tempered note. 7 ... LED display (display device), 7a ... display section, 20 ... CUP (display control means: resetting means), S
2 ... switch (equal temper setting means), S3 ... switch (setting means).

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A display unit for visually displaying a pitch difference between a pitch of a sound input from the outside and a predetermined scale.
A plurality of display devices arranged corresponding to octave keyboards, setting means for setting the predetermined scale to an arbitrary just intonation scale, and operating only the display section corresponding to the sounds constituting the set just intonation scale And a display control means. 2. An equal temperament setting means for setting the predetermined scale to an equal temperament scale, and after setting an arbitrary pure temperament scale by the setting means, the equal temperament scale is set by the equal temperament setting means.
The tuning device according to claim 1, further comprising resetting means for resetting the previously set pure temperament scale as it is when the pure temperament scale is set again by the setting means.