JPH0631949B2 - Tuner - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION "Industrial field of application" The present invention tunes a reference tone of a pitch to be tuned, and simultaneously displays a pitch difference from the reference tone of a tuned musical instrument. Regarding vessels.

“Prior Art” A tuner is a device for measuring the pitch of a sound generated by a musical instrument, and various types have been developed. Some of the tuners have one display section for indicating the tuning status, and others are capable of simultaneously displaying the tuning statuses of all twelve notes forming one octave. . For those that can display 12 tones simultaneously, the disk with the striped pattern is rotated at the number of revolutions corresponding to the pitch of each of the 12 tones, and light is emitted at a cycle corresponding to the pitch of the instrument tone. ing. With such a configuration, if the musical instrument sound matches a predetermined pitch, one of the twelve display units appears to be stopped by the strobe effect, so that tuning can be performed visually.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When tuning is performed, it is preferable in terms of pitch development to adjust the sound of the player's own musical instrument while listening to the reference sound of the pitch to be tuned. In particular, in the case of a musical instrument whose pitch can be set, such as a wind instrument or a stringed instrument, training for tuning while actually comparing sounds is essential.
Therefore, it is necessary for an ideal tuning device to have a function of performing tuning by hearing and also having a function of visually confirming whether tuning has been performed reliably.

On the other hand, there are some conventional tuners that can simply generate a sound (for example, Jikken 1-334237). However, this type of tuning device has a drawback that it is difficult for a beginner to perform accurate tuning because the tuning cannot be visually confirmed.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a tuning device that can be audibly tuned as well as being audible, and that the rhythm can be visually confirmed.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a sound collection signal corresponding to the pitch of a sound input from the outside and a predetermined scale as illustrated in FIG. There is provided a display device b in which a plurality of display portions a for visually displaying a pitch difference from a corresponding reference signal are arranged corresponding to a keyboard for at least one octave, and a plurality of keys c corresponding to the respective display portions. Then, for the depressed key c, a sounding section d for creating and producing a reference signal of a pitch according to the scale, a delay means e for outputting a delay signal obtained by delaying the reference signal for a predetermined time, and Subtractor f for removing the delayed signal component from the collected signal to extract a differential signal
And display control means g for visually displaying the strength of the difference signal on the display unit corresponding to the pitch.

"Action" By pressing the key c, a sound corresponding to the key c is emitted from the sound producing section d, and at the same time, this sound is converted into a sound collection signal. On the other hand, when the practitioner plays an instrument, this instrument sound is also converted into a sound collection signal. Further, the signal output from the sound producing section d is delayed by the delay means e for a predetermined time, and the subtraction means f takes the deviation from the sound collection signal. Therefore, the difference signal that is the subtraction result is a signal obtained by removing the sound component of the sound generation unit d from the sound collection signal. Therefore, the more signal components that can be removed, the smaller the difference signal. Then, the magnitude of this difference signal is displayed on the display portion a of the pitch.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that this embodiment is an embodiment in which tuning can be performed in both the equal temperament scale and the pure temperament scale.

Here, these scales will be briefly described. First,
The equal temperament is a temperament that is practically simple by averaging the pitches of the 12 notes that make up one octave, and this equal temperament is adopted in keyboard musical instruments because of the ease of transposing. On the other hand, the pure temperament refers to an ideal temperament that is natural and harmonious, and is a temperament in which all the notes within one octave are composed of a combination of purely harmonically pure notes.
Here, the structure of each temperament (including the pure temperament 7th degree) when the reference tone is 0 cent is as shown in the following table. The just intonation is exemplified in C major and C minor.

Comparing the equal temperament and the just intonation, the just intonation is naturally beautiful as the sound. Therefore, it is possible to perform with a beautiful sound by performing according to just intonation.
In this case, a musical instrument whose pitch is fixed, such as a keyboard instrument, cannot be played in just intonation, but a wind instrument or a stringed instrument whose pitch can be freely set can be played in just intonation. is there. For this reason, pitch training based on just intonation is extremely important when training performers, and the need for it has been increasing in recent years.

A: Configuration of Example Next, the configuration of the example will be described. 2 and 3
FIG. 4 and FIG. 4 are a plan view, a front view, and a right side view, respectively, showing the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention. In these figures, the keyboard 1 is composed of keys for one octave and other switches. Here, FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the details of the keyboard 1, and as shown in the drawing, LEDs 2a, 2a.
2b ... is provided. Also, on the keyboard 1,
A power switch S1 and switches S2 to S7 and S10 to S15 for selecting various modes are provided.
The switch S2 is a switch that is pressed when tuning in equal temperament, and the switch S3 is a switch that is pressed when tuning in just temperament. The switches S4 and S5 are switches that are pressed to specify a major or minor key when the just intonation is selected. This is because in pure temperament, major and minor keys have different scales. The switch S6 is a switch that is pressed when a major minor scale of pure temperament is selected and a major minor 7 degree (hereinafter referred to as minor 7 degree) tuning is performed in addition to the major scale. The switch S7 is a switch that is pressed when performing transposition. The switches S10, S11, S12, and S13 are switches for designating a tone range in which tuning is performed, and each designates a highest range, a high range, a middle range, and a low range. In this embodiment, the tuning state for four octaves can be displayed at the same time, as will be described later, but the range of four octaves is set by the switches S10 to S13. For example, in the case of a piano, when tuning is performed for a sound 4 octaves below the highest-pitched key, the switch S indicating the highest range is displayed.
10 is pressed, and when tuning is performed for a sound four octaves higher than the lowest-pitched key, the switch S13 for instructing the low range is pressed. Next, the switch S14 is a switch for designating a mode for tuning, and the switch S15 is a switch for designating a tone generation / tuning mode. here,
The pronunciation / tuning mode is a mode in which the practitioner can perform tuning while making a sound according to the pressed key and comparing the sound with the sound of his own musical instrument. In this embodiment, it is possible to produce sound like an electronic musical instrument. Each of the keys and switches described above is of the backlit type and lights up when the key or switch is pressed. Next, the display unit 3 is adapted to display the frequency of the reference sound "A". The above-described keyboard 1 is provided in the central portion on the front side of the main body, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.

Further, the main body 3 is provided with a lid 6 that can be opened and closed,
It is a so-called laptop type. This lid 6
An LED display 7 is provided on the inner surface side of the.
The LED display 7 is, as shown in FIG.
The display units 7a, 7a, ... Corresponding to the respective pitch names of each of the display units 7a, 7a ...
And a D display column 7b ₄ ~7b _1. LED display section 7b
₄ ～7B ₁ is constituted respectively by 16 LED, corresponding to the highest octave column top level, corresponding pitch is adapted to decrease one by one octave with increasing lower row. In addition, each display unit 7a, 7a ...
Are arranged at positions corresponding to the key arrangement of the corresponding note names.

Next, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of this embodiment. In this figure, portions corresponding to the respective portions in FIGS. 2 to 6 described above are designated by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

In the figure, 20 is a CPU that controls each part of the device,
It operates according to the program in the ROM 21. RAM2
A working area, various flags, registers and the like are set in 2, and the CPU 20 appropriately writes or erases data. The output signal of the keyboard 1 is supplied to the CPU 20 via the keyboard interface 23. Further, the keyboard interface 23 is set such that various modes and the like are set by a control signal supplied from the decoder 28.

The oscillator 25 outputs a signal of a predetermined frequency to the frequency dividing circuit 26, and the frequency dividing circuit 26 divides the oscillation output of the oscillator 25 according to the frequency dividing data supplied from the CPU 20. In this case, the CPU 20 outputs the frequency division data corresponding to the pitch of each display unit 7a. That is, since each display unit 7a can display four octaves, the CPU 20 outputs the frequency division data for four octaves to one display unit 7a. Output signal Sa of frequency dividing circuit 26
Are selectively supplied to either the amplifier 29 or the comparator 39. In this case, the signal Sa amplified by the amplifier 29 is supplied to the speaker 30, whereby the frequency-divided sound is emitted.

Next, the microphone 35 takes in the sound of the musical instrument to be tuned, and outputs its output signal through a filter 36 to an amplifier 37.
Supply to. The output signal of the amplifier 37 is the waveform shaping circuit 3
The waveform is shaped by 8 into a signal Sb ′, and
It becomes the signal Sb via the subtraction circuit 50 and the comparator 3
9 is supplied to one input terminal. The output signal Sa of the frequency dividing circuit 26 is supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 39 as described above, and the comparator 3
9 outputs a signal corresponding to the frequency difference between these signals to the LED driver 40. In this case, the signal Sb supplied to the other input terminal of the comparator 39 is
Signals for 12 tones and 4 octaves corresponding to each of a ... Are supplied in parallel. The LED driver 40 is a circuit that drives the above-described LED display 7, and performs display control corresponding to the output signal of the comparator 39, that is, display control corresponding to the frequency difference between the signals Sa and Sb for each display unit 7a. To do. Also LED
The driver 40 displays the display unit 7 according to the set mode.
a, differential 7a ......, controls the non-operation, further, in the test mode (described later), LED display example 7b ₁ ~7b ₄ according to the magnitude of the signal Se supplied from the subtraction circuit 50
The lighting of a predetermined one of them is controlled.

The output signal of the amplifier 29 is the bandpass filter 5
1, through the delay circuit 52 and the variable resistor 53, it is supplied to the subtraction side input terminal of the subtraction circuit 50. The band pass filter 51 has a frequency band of the signal Sa as a pass band. The variable resistor 53 is the CPU 20.
The resistance value is controlled by the signal Sc supplied from the device and the gain is also controlled by the signal Sf, and constitutes the delay means 54 together with the delay circuit 52. When the resistance value of the variable resistor 53 changes, the time constant of the delay means 54 changes and the delay time is adjusted. Further, the CPU 20 detects the position of the slide SD shown in FIG. 5, and sets the value of the signal Sc according to the detected position. The subtraction circuit 50 subtracts the signal Sd from the signal Sb 'to create the signal Sb, and
The signal Se corresponding to the difference between d and the signal Sb 'is created and L
It is supplied to the ED driver 40.

Regarding the signals Sa and Sb, the signal Sb may be divided according to a command from the CPU 20 so as to correspond to each octave, and the signal Sa may output a frequency determined for each note name.

B: Operation of Embodiment Next, the operation of this embodiment having the above-described configuration will be described.

Tuning mode in equal temperament First, the power switch S1 provided on the keyboard 1
When is pressed, power is supplied to the device and the tuning switch S
When 14 is turned on, the program shown in FIG. 8 is started. This is the tuning mode in the initial state,
Reference pitch A = 442 [Hz], fine adjustment ± 0 [cent], equal temperament, scale not transposed, high range (switch S1
This is because (corresponding to 1) is automatically set. Further, by pressing the switches D, U or the switches S10 to S13 after the power is turned on, a subroutine (not shown) is activated, and the reference pitch and the displayed sound range can be changed. After the above processing, step S shown in FIG.
When P1 is reached, it becomes awaiting selection of equal temperament or just temperament,
Since equal temperament is set by default, step SP
Up to 2. Thereby, the control in the equal temperament mode is performed. In the equal tempered mode, as shown in FIG.
All the display parts 7a, 7a ...
The lighting control in this case is as follows.

Now, let's take as an example the case of tuning the third octave Ra note, that is, the A ₃ note. First, the CPU 26 outputs the frequency division data according to the equal temperament to the frequency division circuit 26. As a result, the frequency of the output signal Sa of the frequency dividing circuit 26 becomes the frequency of each tone forming the equal temperament. On the other hand, the practitioner who performs tuning emits the A ₃ sound from his or her musical instrument and inputs it into the microphone 35 shown in FIG. As a result, the musical instrument sound becomes the signal Sb via the microphone 35, the filter 36, the amplifier 37, the waveform shaping circuit 38, and the subtraction circuit 50, and is supplied to one input end of the comparator 39. As a result, the comparator 39
The output signal of is in a state corresponding to the amount of deviation from the corresponding pitch for each LED display row. If the instrument sound is slightly higher than the A ₃ sound, that is, the A ₃ and A ₃ # sounds (or B
♭ ₃ sounds), the LED driver 40 is LE
For the third octave "A # / B ♭" note (7b ₃ ) in the D display row 7b, a moving display is displayed to the left as shown in FIG. It indicates to the practitioner that the sound is lower than those LED display strings indicate. Also, in the LED display row 7b, the third octave A
As for the sound corresponding to the sound “G # / A ♭” which is a sound below the sound, a moving display that flows to the right is displayed as shown in FIG. Note that the other display parts are wholly illuminated, and movement cannot be visually judged. In this case, the LED driver 40
Recognizes the difference between the instrument sound and the reference frequency from the output signal of the comparator 39, and controls the moving speed of each LED display row based on this frequency difference. That is, the closer the musical instrument sound is to the A ₃ sound, the slower the moving speed becomes, and the farther from the A ₃ sound, the faster the moving speed becomes.

Then, when the practitioner approaches the musical instrument sound to the A ₃ sound, the pitch difference from the A ₃ sound becomes smaller, and the moving speed of the LED display row 7b _{3 for} the A sound becomes slower. Furthermore, the instrument sound is A ₃
When they approach the sound and they match, the LED display row 7b ₃
Becomes a static display that blinks four at a time. This static display is a display in which 16 LEDs forming the LED display row blink four by four. It should be noted that the display section 7b ₂ corresponding to the A ₂ sound blinks two LED rows each, the display section 7b ₁ LED row corresponding to the A 1 sound blinks one by one, and the other LED display rows 7b are all It lights up, and visual judgment of its movement becomes impossible. The above is the display control in the equal temperament mode. In this case, the pitch name display of the display units 7a, 7a ... And the pitch of the musical instrument sound completely match.

When the test mode switches S14 and S15 in equal temperament are pressed simultaneously, the 11th
The subroutine shown in the figure is started. First, step S
The test mode is set in Pc1, and all the display units 7a are turned on according to the set values. In this case, the lighting is
It is a static display (a display similar to that in the case of just intonation which will be described later) in which two of the LEDs constituting the LED display row are fixedly lit. Next, in step SPc2, the display control of each lit display unit 7b is switched to the control based on the signal Se. Then, when the operation proceeds to step SPc3, the sounding tone name is designated, and the input of a key to be sounded is waited for. At this time, all the LEDs 2a, 2a ... Are in the simultaneous blinking state. If there is a key input, the process proceeds to step SPc4 to perform sound generation processing. At this time, L corresponding to the selected key
Only ED2a lights up. The pronunciation process is as follows. First, when any key of the keyboard 1 is pressed, the CPU 20 detects this and supplies a control signal to the frequency dividing circuit 26 to supply the amplifier 29 with a frequency division output corresponding to the corresponding key. Let As a result, the sound corresponding to the key is emitted from the speaker 30. next,
When the processing proceeds to step SPc5, measurement sound input processing is performed. That is, the sound generated from the speaker 30 is transmitted to the microphone 3
The signal Sb 'is fetched from the signal No. 5 and passed through the filter 30 and the amplifier 39. At this time, the microphone 35 is set in the same state as when measuring the instrument sound.

Next, in the subtraction circuit 50, the signals Sb 'to S
d is subtracted to create the signal Sb and the signal Se corresponding to this difference is created. Then, according to the level of the signal Se, 7 of C in the LED display 7a is displayed.
b ₃ and controls lighting (step SPc6). An example of this display processing is shown in FIG. As shown in the figure, the number of lights of the LED display row 7b ₃ corresponding to the C ₃ sound is reduced (note that the other LED display rows are all lit). And LE
The number of lights of the D display row 7b ₃ is determined by the signal Se.
When the display control of step SPc6 is performed, the process proceeds to step SPc7, and it is determined whether or not the test mode has been released. If it is not canceled, that is, if another mode is not selected, the process returns to step SPc3, and thereafter, step SPc3 is selected until another mode is selected.
~ The process of SPc7 is cycled.

Here, the signals Sd and Sb 'are both signals corresponding to the sound emitted from the speaker 30, and one of them is the spatial delay time until the microphone 35 takes in the sound emitted from the speaker 30 and the filter 36 and the like. It has an electrical delay time when passing, and the other has a delay time by the delay means 54. Therefore, when the delay time of the signal Sd approaches the delay time of the signal Sb 'and the magnitudes thereof are substantially the same, the difference between the two signals becomes 0, and the value of the signal Se becomes the minimum. Here, when the slides SD and SF (see FIG. 5) provided on the keyboard 1 are operated, this operation is detected by the CPU 20, and accordingly, the CPU 20
Changes the values of the signals Sc and Sf in accordance with the positions of the slides SD and SF. As a result, the resistance value and gain of the variable resistor 53 change, and the time constant and gain of the delay means 54 change. Therefore, the practitioner slides the slides SD and SF so that the number of the LED display rows 7b ₃ is minimized.
The signal Se can be minimized by operating.

The above processing is processing for eliminating the influence of the sound generated from the speaker 30 at the time of measuring the musical sound as much as possible. That is,
This is a process for removing the sound generated by the speaker 30 from the musical instrument sound taken in from the microphone 35 and optimizing the S / N of the signal Sb ′. Then, after the S / N is optimized, the test mode is released and the mode is shifted to another mode. If another mode is designated, the determination in step SPc7 becomes "YES",
The process proceeds to step SPc8, the display control by the signal Se is canceled, and the process returns to the main routine.

Sound Generation / Tuning Mode in Equal Temperament Next, the case where the switch S15 is pressed to instruct the sound generation / tuning mode will be described. When the switch S15 is pressed, the tone generation / tuning mode is set in step SPb5 shown in FIG. Then, in step SPb6, a sounding tone name is designated. This process is similar to the above-mentioned step SPc3 (see FIG. 11). Next, when proceeding to step SPb7, sounding / tuning processing is performed. The tone generation process and the tuning process are the same as those described above. That is, step SPb
In 7, the tuning process and the tone generation process are performed at the same time. Therefore, the practitioner can make a sound to be tuned by pressing a key, and can also make a sound from his / her own musical instrument to perform tuning while comparing both sounds by ear. Further, since the display of the tuning state by the LED display row described in the above section is also performed, it is possible to visually confirm whether or not the tuning is accurate. Further, since the S / N of the signal Sb is set to the best in the test mode, the electronic sound emitted from the speaker has little influence on the musical instrument sound for tuning.

It should be noted that when the tuning switch S14 is pressed after the end of the test mode, the normal tuning mode (processing in the above item) is selected.

Transposing mode in equal temperament When the switch S7 for instructing transposition is pressed, the first
The transposing mode is set by steps SPa1 and SPa2 shown in FIG. Then, the process proceeds to step SPa3, waiting for the input of the transposition key setting, and all the LEDs 2b blink. The transposing key setting is the setting of the tonic of the key to be transposed, and is performed by pressing any of the keys "C" to "B" shown in FIG. As an example, if you press the key "B ♭",
The tonic is changed to B ♭ and B flat major is set. At this time, only the LED 2b corresponding to the "B ♭" key is turned on. That is, when the key “B ♭” is pressed, the CPU 20 uniformly subtracts 200 cents from the map data stored in the ROM 21 and indicating the pitch of each equal tempered note, and divides the frequency according to the result of this calculation. Is supplied to the frequency dividing circuit 26. As a result, the frequency of the signal Sa output from the frequency dividing circuit 26 decreases. Therefore, the display section 7a for the C sound is B ♭
The sound frequency is the standard. Similarly, the reference frequency of the other sound display portion 7a is lowered, and, for example, D, E,
Regarding the display portions 7a for F, G, A and B sounds, C,
The frequencies of the D, E ♭, F, G, and A sounds are the reference.

In this state, if the tuning mode is instructed, the 13th
Tuning processing is performed by the subroutine shown in the figure. The contents of this process are similar to those described above. However, the sound (actual sound) of the actual musical instrument corresponding to each display portion 7a, 7a ...
Is as shown in FIG.

When the switch S15 shown in FIG. 5 is pressed, the tone generation / tuning mode is instructed, and the tone generation / tuning process is performed by the subroutine shown in FIG. In this tone generation process, since the frequency-divided output of the frequency dividing circuit 26 has a frequency corresponding to the frequency-divided data after transposition, the generated sound has a pitch after transposition. For example, when the key "C" is pressed, the generated sound is B ♭. Further, in the tuning, the musical instrument sounds corresponding to the respective display portions are also transposed in the same manner, so that it becomes as shown in FIG.

The above is various controls in the equal temperament mode.

Various operations in the just intonation mode On the other hand, when the switch S3 for selecting the just intonation is pressed in the selection waiting state of step SP1 shown in FIG. 8, it is judged as "selection of just intonation" and the process proceeds to step SP4. . In step SP4, the input of a major or minor instruction is awaited. Here, when the switch S5 for instructing a minor key is pressed, it is determined that "selecting a minor key" and step SP
5, the minor mode is set, and step SP8 is reached. When the switch S4 for instructing the major key is pressed in step SP4, the major mode is set in step SP6. After the processing of step SP6,
In step SP7, the input of the switch S6, which enables tuning of minor 7 degrees, is awaited. Here, if the switch S6 is pressed, a mode in which tuning can be performed also for minor 7 degrees is set, and if the switch S6 is not pressed, tuning for minor 7 degrees is disabled. After the processing of step SP7, step SP
Go to 8. At step SP8, the key setting is awaited and all the LEDs 2a, 2a ... This is because, in just intonation, even the same pitch name has different pitches depending on the key. Through the above processing, one of the just intonation keys is selected. At this time, only the LED 2a corresponding to the selected key is turned on.

Next, at step SP9, it is determined whether or not the equal temperament has been selected. This is because the switch S2 may be pressed to select the equal temperament after selecting the pure temperament, and this is to judge this. When continuing the just intonation, the determination in step SP9 is "NO", and the process proceeds to step SP10. In step SP10,
Just temperament reset processing is performed. If the just intonation is continuing, nothing is done in step SP10 and the process returns to step SP3. Thereafter, the above steps are repeated to continue the just intonation mode.

Here, the display control in the just intonation mode will be described. In the just intonation mode, valid note names are predetermined for each key as shown in FIG. For example, in the pure C major, only the CDEFGAB sound is valid. That is, the tuning state is displayed only for these sounds. These sounds are the sounds that make up the scale of just intonation C major. The reason why the tuning state is displayed only for the scale-constituting sounds is that the practitioner can learn the pure temperament more easily if the unnecessary sounds are not displayed. However, when the minor 7th is selected in the major, the tuning state of the minor 7th note (B ♭ in the case of C major) is displayed in addition to the note shown in FIG. At this time, the pitch of the "B ♭" sound is as shown in Table 1.

In the just temperament, when the tuning mode is instructed, the tuning mode is processed by the subroutine shown in FIG. Here, the first example of the display state in the tuning mode is
It shows in FIG. This figure shows the state of the display portions 7a, 7a ... From the C sound to the E sound when the pure major C major is selected and the D sound of the third octave is tuned. As shown in this Figure, LED display column 7b ₄ ~7b ₁ displays sounds are disabled "C # / D ♭" sound and of "D # / E ♭" sound tuning state, two LED is still Illuminates, indicating that these sounds are invalid. Then, the D sound LED display row 7b ₃ blinks four at a time to perform a static display, the D sound LED display row 7b ₂ shows two flashes, and the D sound LED display row 7b ₁ shows one flashing each. , All the other LED display columns carry out the lighting display. This is the same as in the equal temperament mode described above. Further, FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the entire display state of the LED display 7 in just intonation C major, and the LED display row of the invalid sound is a two-point still display. Also, FIG. 19, FIG. 20, and FIG.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 22 show the display states of the LED display 7 in the case of the pure major G major, the pure major C major 7 degree selection, the pure major C minor and the pure major A minor, respectively.

Here, the process of comparing the musical instrument sound frequency and the reference frequency in the tuning mode will be described. In principle, this comparison processing is similar to the case of equal temperament, and the signals Sa and Sb
(See FIG. 7) is performed by comparison processing.
However, in the case of just temperament, the frequency division data that determines the frequency of the signal Sa is different from that in the case of equal temperament. That is, CP
U20 creates frequency division data based on the maps shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, and divides this frequency division data by the frequency dividing circuit 2
Supply to 6. The maps shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24 are maps for the pure major and the minor, respectively, and are stored in the ROM 21. These maps are designed to show, in cents, how far the pitch name in each key is from the same pitch name in the equal temperament. For example, in the C major of pure temperament, the tonal C note (do) is the same as the C note of equal temperament, but the D note (re) is 4 cents higher than the D note of equal temperament. Therefore, the E tone is set to be 14 cents lower than that of the equal temperament. The same applies to other tones. The equal temperament map is also stored in the ROM 21,
Since the number of cents of each sound is shown in the above-mentioned Table 1, the map for this is omitted. The above is the comparison process in just intonation.

Next, when the switches S14 and S15 are simultaneously pressed,
As in the equal temperament mode, the test mode subroutine (see FIG. 11) is activated. This process is similar to that in the equal temperament mode, but the display section 7b is fixedly displayed.
There is a difference. As an example, FIG. 25 shows a display mode when a pronunciation test is performed on the C ₃ tone. As shown, the number of lights of the LED display row 7c ₃ of the C sound display portion 7b indicates the degree of S / N.

When the switch S15 is pressed to instruct the sounding / tuning mode, sounding and tuning are simultaneously performed by the subroutine shown in FIG. This is the same as in the equal temperament mode.

Next, a case will be described in which the temperament is once set and then the equal temperament is set. When the just temperament is set, steps SP3 to SP10 shown in FIG. 8 are repeatedly executed. If the switch S2 shown in FIG. 5 is pressed during this execution, the determination at step SP9 becomes “YES”,
The equal temperament mode is set in step SP11.
Next, at step SP12, it is determined whether or not the just intonation is selected again. If the switch S3 is not pressed, this determination becomes "NO", and the process returns to step SP9. After that, if the switch S3 is not pressed, step S
The equal temperament mode is continued through the loop consisting of P9, SP11 and SP12. As a result, the display in the equal temperament mode described above is performed. Next, when the switch S2 is pressed again to return to just temperament, the determination in step SP12 becomes "YES", and the process proceeds to step SP10. In this case, the processing in step SP10 is the same as the setting in the previous just temperament. That is, if the C major of the just intonation is set before the mode is switched to the equal temperament mode, the C major of the just intonation is set again in step SP10. Similarly, if the last time was the minor 7th degree selection mode of just intonation C major, this mode is reset. In this case, when the key was set in the previous just intonation mode, or when switching to the equal temperament mode, it is possible to distinguish between major and minor keys,
Whether or not the minor 7th degree is selected and the key (tone) are stored in a predetermined area in the RAM 22, and in step SP10,
The mode is reset according to the above data in the RAM 22.

This resetting is performed so that the practitioner can easily compare the pitch of each note in the equal temperament with the pitch of each note in the just intonation.

Next, the case of performing transposition in the just intonation mode will be described.

As an example, a case will be described in which C major is initially set and is transposed to B major. First, when the switch S7 shown in FIG. 5 is pressed, the above-mentioned subroutine shown in FIG. 14 is started. In step SPa3 of this process, when the keynote of the key to be transposed, that is, the key "B ♭" is pressed, C
The PU 20 subtracts 200 cents from the cent value obtained from the map shown in FIG. 21, and outputs frequency division data corresponding to the calculated value to the frequency dividing circuit 26. As a result, the frequency of the output signal Sa of the frequency dividing circuit 26 is lowered as in the case of transposition in equal temperament. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 26, the actual instrument sounds corresponding to the C, G, E, F, G, A and B sound display portions 7a are B ♭, C, D, E ♭, F, respectively.
G and A sounds. In this case, the display portion 7a, which is a two-point fixed display, is the same as in the case of just major C major. Then, when the tuning mode is instructed and then the instrument sound is input,
Each of the display units 7a, 7a ... Performs a moving display or a fixed display for the musical instrument sound.

Further, if the mode is switched to the test mode or the tone generation / tuning mode after the transposition, the tone generation processing and the display processing are performed by the tone and the display after the transposition, as in the case of the equal temperament.

Also, in the case of just intonation minor, the same processing as above is performed. For example, the correspondence between each display portion 7a and musical instrument sound when the pure temperament C minor is set is as shown in FIG. 27, and (C # / D ♭), E, (F # / G ♭), the display section 7a for the A sound is a two-point fixed display. From this state, when the key is transposed to the just intonation minor according to the procedure described above, the relationship between each display portion 7a and the actual instrument sound (actual sound) is as shown in FIG. Also in this case, the display portion 7a, which is a two-point fixed display, is the same as that in the case of just intonation C minor. That is, the display section 7a for displaying the tuning is not changed, but only the corresponding sound is changed.

In the case of the pure temperamental minor scale, the processing when the mode is switched to the test mode or the tone generation / tuning mode is the same as that in each of the above-described modes.

It should be noted that, when the directivity of the external microphone is strong, or depending on the installation location (when it is far from the speaker), the sound produced by the speaker does not affect the sound collection of the external microphone. In that case, good tone generation / tuning processing can be performed without performing any subtraction processing. In this case, when the test mode is executed, the slides SD and SF may be set so that the number of LED lights is maximized so that unnecessary subtraction processing is not performed. Further, when it is always used in the above situation, the configuration may be simplified by not providing the delay means or the like.

[Advantages of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to tune by the sense of hearing and visually confirm the tune, which is an advantage that even a beginner can tune easily. Further, since the tuning state is displayed according to the key arrangement of the keyboard instrument, the visibility is excellent.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram showing the structure of the present invention, and FIG.
FIGS. 3, 3 and 4 are respectively a plan view, a front view and a right side view showing the appearance of an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the details of the keyboard 1 in the embodiment, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a front view showing the details of the LED display 7 in the same embodiment, FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the electrical configuration of the same embodiment, FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the same embodiment, FIG. 9 and FIG. Figure 10 shows LEDs in equal temperament mode
FIG. 11 is a front view showing a display state of the display unit 7, FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing processing in the test mode, FIG. 12 is a front view showing a display example in the test mode, and FIG. 13 is tuning and sounding / tuning processing. Flow chart, FIG. 14 is a flow chart showing the transposing process, FIG. 15 is a front view showing the relationship between the respective display portions and the actual musical instrument sound when transposing is performed in the equal tempered mode, and FIG. 16 is the just tempered mode. 17 and 18 are front views showing the display states of the LED display 7 in C major of just intonation, FIG. 19, FIG. 20, and FIG. 21, respectively. 22 and FIG. 22 are front views showing the display states of the LED display 7 in the case of just major G major, just major C minor 7th selection, just major C minor and just major A minor, respectively.
3 and FIG. 24 are maps showing the pitch difference between each note in pure temperament and pure temperament and each equal temperament in cents, and FIG. 25 is a front view showing a display example of the test mode in just intonation, 26 to 28 are front views showing the relationship between the respective display parts and the actual musical instrument sound when transposition is performed in the just intonation. 1 ... Keyboard (sounding unit), 7 ... LED display (display device), 7a ... Display unit, 20 ... CPU (display control means), 26 ... Dividing circuit (sounding unit), 29 ...
Amplifier (sounding section), 30 ... Speaker (sounding section), 40
... LED driver (display control means), 50 ... subtraction circuit (subtraction means), 54 ... delay means.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A display unit for visually displaying a pitch difference between a collected signal corresponding to the pitch of a sound input from the outside and a reference signal corresponding to a predetermined scale is provided on a keyboard for at least one octave. Correspondingly arranged a plurality of display devices, having a plurality of keys corresponding to each of the display unit, and a sounding unit that produces a reference signal of a pitch according to the scale for the depressed key, and a sounding unit, Delay means for outputting a delay signal obtained by delaying the reference signal for a predetermined time, subtraction means for removing the delay signal component from the sound collection signal to extract a difference signal, and a strength of the difference signal And a display control unit for visually displaying on a display unit corresponding to the above.