JPH0636697B2 - Glassy material for plant cultivation - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a glassy substance for plant cultivation, which is used as a fertilizer or a pesticide in hydroponics, for example.

“Prior Art and Problems Thereof” In recent years, hydroponics has come into widespread use, especially in vegetable cultivation in greenhouses. Hydroponic culture is a method of cultivating a plant by dissolving necessary nutrients in water without using soil, and has an advantage that there is no obstacle to continuous cropping and the nutritional condition of the plant can be artificially adjusted. In this case, various chemical fertilizers and pesticides are added to the culture solution. When these chemical fertilizers and pesticides are added to the culture solution, they are immediately dissolved and used.

However, in hydroponics, pathogens such as mold are likely to propagate by using the culture medium as mediators, and there is a risk that the plant may be hit catastrophically once affected by the pathogen. For this reason, it is desirable that the culture solution is always kept clear. However, in the conventional method, it is necessary to dissolve chemical fertilizers and pesticides in water each time the culture medium is replaced to maintain a clear state, which consumes a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. There was a problem.

In addition, when preparing a culture solution, it is necessary to dissolve chemical fertilizers and pesticides in water so as to have an appropriate concentration. If the concentration is too high, growth failure occurs, and if the concentration is too low, malnutrition tends to occur. For this reason, the work of adjusting those concentrations was also troublesome.

Further, since plants grow by absorbing nutrients in the culture medium, the nutrients in the culture medium gradually become deficient. Therefore, even when trying to replenish chemical fertilizers and pesticides, since it is not known at all which components and how much they have decreased, it is extremely difficult to adjust the concentration, and there is no alternative but to replace the culture solution.

"Purpose of the invention" The object of the present invention is to facilitate the preparation and replacement of the culture solution in hydroponics, etc., and yet to reduce the consumption of fertilizers and pesticides glass plant for plant cultivation To provide.

[Structure of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of solving the above-mentioned problems of the prior art by vitrifying fertilizers and pesticides into substances that gradually dissociate in water.

That is, the glassy material for plant cultivation according to the present invention is P ₂
O5 _{4 to} 47 mol%, R ₂ O (where R is at least one selected from Na and K) 4 to 47 mol%, and the dissociation amount in distilled water is in the range of ² to 300 mg / Dcm ^2. Is characterized by.

When the glassy substance of the present invention is added to water, its components are gradually dissolved in water, and the nutrients necessary for plant growth can be gradually supplied. In this way, since the components are gradually dissolved, it is possible to prevent growth failure and malnutrition due to high concentrations. Moreover, since it suffices to add an appropriate amount of glassy substance to water, the preparation of the culture solution becomes extremely simple. Furthermore, a new culture solution can be prepared by replacing only water while leaving the glassy substance, which facilitates replacement of the culture solution and saves fertilizers and pesticides.

The glassy substance of the present invention is P ₂ O ₅ 4-47 mol%, R ₂ O (where R is at least one selected from Na and K) 4-47 mo
Contains l%. P ₂ O ₅ is one of the nutrients necessary for plant growth, and a glassy substance containing this is given the property of gradually dissolving in water. P ₂ O ₅ is 4 mol%
If it is less than the above range, there is a problem in that it is practically difficult to support plant growth, and if P ₂ O ₅ exceeds 47 mol%, there is a problem that there is no room for effectively adding other components. Na ₂ O and K ₂ O are also one of the nutrients necessary for plant growth, and these are components that easily form a glassy substance together with the above P ₂ O ₅ . If the content of Na ₂ O and / or K ₂ O is less than 4 mol%, the problem that practically required solubility cannot be obtained occurs, and if the content of Na ₂ O and / or K ₂ O exceeds 47 mol%, other components may be contained. There is no room for addition, and the solubility becomes too large, which causes a problem that the purpose of the present invention is not met.
In the present invention, it is more preferable to contain both Na ₂ O and K ₂ O. The molar ratio of P ₂ O ₅ : R ₂ O is 2: 1.
It is preferably in the range of ˜1: 2. From the above range, it is easy to obtain a glass-like substance that forms a glass batch economically, is close to the necessary elements and composition as a fertilizer, and has an appropriate solubility.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in addition to the above components, Ca,
It contains at least one selected from Mg. in this case,
Ca and Mg can be added as a single substance, but CaCO ₃ and C
It can also be added as a compound such as aO, MgCO ₃ , or MgO. Both Ca and Mg are one of the nutrients necessary for plants. The addition amount of these components is preferably 8 to 35 mol%,
When it is 5 mol% or more, devitrification of glass is likely to occur, and when it is 8 mol% or less, P ₂ O ₅ : R ₂ O is preferably 1: 1. Therefore, the solubility becomes too large and it is not practical.

In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, S, Fe, Mn,
It contains at least one selected from Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Cl, N and Al. These components can be added individually, but Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ , Fe ₂ O ₃ , MnO, CuSO ₄ , Zn
It can also be added as a compound such as O, B ₂ O ₃ , MoO ₃ , NaCl, KNO ₃ , and Al ₂ O ₃ . These components are also one of the nutrients required for plant growth. The amount of these substances added is
0.05 to 0.5% by weight is preferred.

The glassy material of the present invention may contain components other than the above.

The glassy material of the present invention can be produced by mixing the above components in a desired mixing ratio, melting at a temperature of 1000 ° C. or higher, and vitrifying. The obtained product can be made into various forms such as powder, lumps, plates, and tubular bodies.

The glassy substance of the present invention has a dissociation amount of 2 in distilled water.
Must be in the range of ~ 300 mg / Dcm ² . If the amount of dissociation is less than 2 mg / Dcm ² , the problem of the object of the present invention cannot be achieved, and if the amount of dissociation exceeds 300 mg / Dcm ² , the solubility is too large and it cannot be used as a vitrified fertilizer. Occurs. The amount of dissociation can be adjusted, for example, by changing the amount of R ₂ O added. That is, the larger the amount of P ₂ O ₅ , the larger the amount of dissociation. Further, the dissociation amount in water can be adjusted by the surface area such as the shape, particle size, uneven surface, and porosity of the product. R ₂ O is usually 60
% Or more is preferably K ₂ O.

Further, the glassy material of the present invention, when dissolved in water, pH
Is preferably set to 5-9. This is because if the pH when dissolved in water deviates from the above range, good growth of plants cannot be expected.

When preparing a culture solution by adding the glassy substance of the present invention to water, the amount of water, the amount of addition of the glassy substance, the dissociation amount of the glassy substance in water, and the nutrient absorption amount of the plant. By adjusting each, a culture composition more suitable for plant growth can be obtained. These relationships are
By measuring in advance and determining the preferable addition amount of the glassy substance to the amount of water, the user can prepare the culture solution by simply adding an appropriate amount of the glassy substance to water. In this case, since the glassy substance gradually dissolves water, the allowable range of the addition amount is wide, and the adjustment of the addition amount may not be so strict.

When preparing the culture solution, auxiliary fertilizers, pesticides and the like may be added in addition to the glassy substance of the present invention.

"Examples of the Invention" Example 1 A glassy substance was obtained by mixing the components in the following composition and heating and melting at 1000 to 1100 ° C to solidify the glass. This glassy material was crushed into a lump having an average particle size of about 5 mm to obtain a product. The dissociation degree of this glassy substance in distilled water was 2.5 mg / Dcm ² .

P ₂ O ₅ 38mol% Na ₂ O 38mol% MgO 4mol% CaO 12mol% CuO 7.9mol% MnO 0.1mol% 1000g of this glassy substance was added to 1000 water, and potassium fertilizer was added as an auxiliary fertilizer to dissolve the culture solution. Was prepared, and tomatoes were cultivated in a house using this culture solution, and good growth was exhibited. When water was replaced every 10 days, the glassy substance was washed, and fertilizer, potash fertilizer and lime were appropriately added to renew the culture solution, no disease occurred.

Example 2 A glassy substance was obtained by mixing the components in the following composition and heating and melting at 1000 to 1100 ° C. to solidify the glass. The glassy substance was pulverized into a powder having an average particle size of about 5 mm to obtain a product. The dissociation degree of this glassy substance in distilled water was 4.8 mg / Dcm ² .

P ₂ O ₅ 32 mol% Na ₂ O 32 mol% MgO 9 mol% CaO 12 mol% CuO 15 mol% Example 3 Components are mixed in the following composition, heated and melted at 1000 to 1100 ° C., poured into a mold, and vitrified. By 2
A glass-like substance having a plate shape of cm × 2 cm × 4 cm was obtained. The dissociation degree of this glassy substance in distilled water is 10 mg / Dcm ²
Met.

_{P 2 O 5 40mol% K 2} O 40mol% CuO 16mol% CoO 1.2mol% CaO 12mol% As has been described, "Effect of the Invention", according to the present invention, P ₂ O ₅ 4~47mol
%, R ₂ O (where R is at least one selected from Na and K) 4 to 47 mol%, and is composed of a glassy substance having a dissociation amount in distilled water in the range of ² to 300 mg / Dcm ² . The components can be gradually dissolved by adding to water to form a good culture solution. In addition, since the components are gradually dissolved, it is possible to prevent growth disorders and malnutrition due to high concentrations. Moreover, since it suffices to add an appropriate amount of glassy substance to water, the preparation of the culture solution becomes extremely simple. Furthermore, a new culture solution can be prepared by replacing only water while leaving the glassy substance, which facilitates replacement of the culture solution and saves fertilizers and pesticides.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. P ₂ O ₅ 4-47 mol%, R ₂ O (where R is Na,
At least one selected from K) 4 to 47 mol%, and the amount of dissociation in distilled water is in the range of ² to 300 mg / Dcm ^2, a glassy substance for plant cultivation. 2. A glassy material for plant cultivation according to claim 1, containing at least one selected from Ca and Mg in addition to the above components. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in addition to the above components, S, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B, Mo, Cl,
A glassy substance for plant cultivation containing at least one selected from N. 4. The vitreous material for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the molar ratio of P ₂ O ₅ : R ₂ O is in the range of 2: 1 to 1: 2. material. 5. The vitreous material for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is a powder, a lump, a plate, or a tubular body. 6. A glassy material for plant cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which has a pH of 5 to 9 when dissolved in water.