JPH0638704B2 - Commutator motor - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a commutator motor having a commutator, for example, a commutator motor used for vacuum cleaners, electric tools, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a commutator motor having a commutator, the brush life and the efficiency improvement contradict each other, and it is desired to improve the efficiency without shortening the brush life.

FIG. 3 shows the structure of the commutator motor.

In FIG. 3, 1 is an armature and 2 is a field. 3 is a bracket A, 4 is a bracket B, 5 is a commutator, 6 is a brush, and 7 is a brush holder. The armature 1 is composed of a shaft, a rotary iron core, an armature coil, a commutator 5, and a bearing.
The field magnet 2 is composed of a field iron core and a field coil. In the brush holder 7, the brush 6 can slide in the brush holder by a spring.

The field magnet 2 and the brush holder 7 are attached to the bracket B4, and the field iron core is fixed at the position of the armature iron core and the brush at the position of the commutator. The number of turns of the field coil of field 2 is 80 turns.

The bracket A3 constitutes an outer frame of the electric motor together with the bracket B4.

FIG. 4 shows a part of the winding state of the armature coil of the conventional commutator motor. However, this is the case where there are 24 commutator pieces and the number of slots in the rotary iron core is 12. In FIG. 4, 8
Is a rotating iron core. Reference numeral 9 denotes slots provided in the rotary iron core 8, and 9-1, 9-2 ... 9-6 ..., 9-12 represent slot numbers. An armature winding 10 is installed in the slot 9 provided in the rotary iron core 8. 5 is a commutator, 5-1, 5-2 ... 5-24 represents the number of a commutator piece. 6 is a brush. The armature winding 10 is the coil 10
-1 and the coil 10-2. The coil 10-1 is wound in the slots 9-1 and 9-6, and the starting end is connected to the commutator piece 5-1 and the ending end is connected to the commutator piece 5-2. The coil 10-2 has its starting end connected to the terminal end of the coil 10-1, and has slots 9-1 and 9 around which the coil 10-1 is wound.
It is wound in -6, and its end is connected to the commutator piece 5-3 adjacent to the commutator piece 5-2. In this way, the coil 10
-1 and 10-2 form the armature winding 10. Similarly, the armature winding 11 is composed of the coils 11-1 and 11-2 wound around the slots 9-2 and 9-7. Similarly, twelve armature windings are similarly wound around the slot 9 of the rotary iron core 8 over the entire circumference, and they collectively constitute an armature coil. P indicates the rotation direction of the armature 1. Also,
The illustrated position of the brush 6 corresponds to the point where one coil 10-1 forming the armature winding 10 is on the verge of completing the commutation.
0-2 are short-circuited. Here, the armature coil 10-1,
Each 10-2 has 10 turns.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention As described above, in the commutator motor configured, at the time when the coil 10-1 in the front in the rotational direction finishes commutation, the coil 10-2 in the same slot short-circuited with the brush 6 Spark generation is small due to the spark suppression effect of the transformer action. However, at the time when the coil 10-2 at the rear in the rotation direction finishes commutation, there is no coil shorted by the brush 6 in the same slot, and the armature wound in the slot 9-2 at the rear in the rotation direction is present. The coil 11 in front of the winding 11 in the rotational direction
Since it depends only on the mutual inductance with -1, the spark suppressing effect is small and the black bar phenomenon occurs. Therefore, there has been no method for increasing efficiency by increasing the number of armature windings to reduce the number of field windings and reducing iron loss and copper loss of the field. Since increasing the number of armature windings shortens the brush life, the ratio of the total number of armature conductors to the number of field windings is set to 7 or less. In the conventional example, the value is 6.0.

In view of the above drawbacks, the present invention provides a commutator motor with improved efficiency by increasing the number of armature windings and reducing iron loss and copper loss of the field in order to improve the spark suppression effect. The purpose is to

Means for Solving the Problems In order to achieve this object, the commutator motor of the present invention comprises:
An armature coil is formed by sequentially connecting armature windings each including a coil wound in a pair of slots and a coil wound in two slots including the pair of slots. .

Action According to the above configuration, the effect of the transformer action of the coil is improved, the number of turns of the armature winding can be increased, the number of turns of the field can be reduced, and the iron loss of the field and the copper loss can be reduced. The efficiency can be improved.

Embodiment One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a part of a winding state of a coil of an armature of a commutator motor according to an embodiment of the present invention, in the case where the number of commutator pieces is 24 and the number of slots of a rotary iron core is 12. is there. In FIG. 1, 80 is a rotary iron core. 90 is a slot provided in the rotary core 80, and 90-
, 90-2, ..., 90-6, ..., 90-12 represent slot numbers. Armature windings are sequentially installed in the slots 90 provided in the rotary iron core 80, and
In the figure, the armature windings 100 and 110 are illustrated. 50 is a commutator, 50-1, 50-2, ..., 50-24
Represents the number of the commutator element. 60 is a brush.

The armature winding 100 includes a coil 100-1 and a coil 100.
-2. The coil 100-1 has a commutator piece 5 at the beginning.
0-1 and is wound in the slots 90-1 and 90-6, and the end is connected to the commutator piece 50-2. The coil 100-2 has its start end connected to the end of the coil 100-1, and the slot 90 in which the coil 100-1 is wound.
-1 and 90-6 and their adjacent slots 90
-2 and 90-7 in two pairs of slots,
The terminal end is connected to the commutator piece 50-3. Similarly, the armature winding 110 includes the coil 110-1 wound in the slots 90-2 and 90-7 and the slots 90-2 and 90-.
7 and the coil 110-2 wound around the slots 90-3 and 90-8. And so on
1 wrapped around the entire circumference of the slot 90 of the rotary core 80
The two armature windings form an armature coil.

P indicates the rotation direction of the armature. In addition, the illustrated position of the brush 60 is one coil 100 that constitutes the armature winding 100.
-1 is on the verge of completing the rectification, and brush 6 in this state
0 short-circuits at least the coil 100-2 at the rear in the rotation direction.

In the commutator motor of the present invention configured as described above, when the coil 100-1 at the front side in the rotating direction of the armature finishes commutation, the coil 100-2 in the same slot short-circuited by the brush 60 Spark generation is small due to the spark suppression effect of the transformer action. Further, at the time when the coil 100-2 at the rear of the rotation direction ends the rectification, spark generation is small due to the spark suppressing effect by the transformer action with the coil 110-1 next to the coil at the rear of the rotation, and the black bar phenomenon is suppressed. can do. Here, if the brush life is the same as the conventional one, the armature reactance can be increased and the number of windings of the armature can be increased by the amount by which the black bar phenomenon is suppressed. In other words, the number of turns of the armature can be increased and the number of turns of the field can be reduced. In the above embodiment, the total number of armature conductors is 576, the number of turns of the field coil is 67, and the ratio is 8.6.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the commutator pieces having an integral multiple of the number of slots of the rotary iron core are provided, and the coil wound around the pair of slots of the rotary iron core and the pair of slots are included.
An armature in which an armature coil is configured by an armature winding composed of a coil wound in a pair of slots, and the field iron loss and the copper loss are reduced by increasing the armature winding number and decreasing the field winding number. be able to. As a result, the efficiency of the electric motor is improved. As a result of studying with a 500w class AC commutator motor, it was confirmed that in this example, the result shown by the broken line in FIG. 2 was obtained, and the efficiency could be improved by 5% as compared with the conventional example shown by the solid line. .

In this embodiment, the case where the number of commutator pieces is 24 and the number of slots of the rotary iron core is 12 has been described. However, in the present invention, the number of commutator pieces is an integer multiple of 2 times or more the number of rotary iron core slots. If For example, if it is tripled, the third coil may be wound around two pairs of slots.

Further, in the above-described embodiment, the coil at the front side in the rotation direction is wound around the pair of slots, and the coil at the back side in the rotation direction is wound around the two pairs of slots. Even if the coil is wound in two pairs of slots including slots in which the rear coil of the armature coil in the front is wound, and the coil rear in the rotation direction is wound in the pair of slots. It goes without saying that it is good.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION As described above, the present invention increases the number of armature windings by increasing the ratio of the total number of conductors of the armature to the number of field windings to be 6 or more, and increases the spark suppression effect to reduce the iron loss of the field and By reducing copper loss, efficiency can be improved, and its practical effect is great.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a connection diagram showing a winding arrangement of armature coils of a commutator motor showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a relationship between the total number of armature conductors and the number of field windings, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a commutator motor, and FIG. 4 is a connection diagram showing a winding arrangement of armature coils of a conventional commutator motor. 1 ... armature, 2 ... field, 50 ... commutator, 60 ...
Brush, 80 ... Rotating iron core, 90 ... Slot, 10
0,110 ... Armature winding.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. An armature winding comprising a rotary iron core having a slot, a commutator having a plurality of commutator pieces, and a plurality of coils, one end of which is connected to the start of another coil. And an armature having an armature coil formed by sequentially connecting the armature windings in the same manner as described above, wherein the commutator is at least twice the number of slots of the rotary iron core. And a plurality of commutator pieces, and the plurality of coils are wound around a pair of slots, and one coil starting from the last commutator piece in the rotational direction among the plurality of coils is a coil. All of the conductors of the armature are wound around a pair of slots adjacent to the rear of the pair of slots in the rotation direction and connected to a commutator piece adjacent to the rear of the rearmost commutator piece in the rotation direction. The ratio of the number of field windings to the number of field windings is 6 or more and there is no commutating pole Commutator electric motor that.