JPH07108150B2 - Method for growing molded seedlings for onion machine planting - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention is good in the onion of machine planting
The present invention relates to a method for growing suitable molded seedlings.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In cultivating agricultural products, labor is being reduced and aging is being carried out, and labor is being saved in various fields, but the same is true for onion cultivation. A particular problem in onion cultivation is that it takes a lot of labor to plant onions, and it can be said that the labor at the time of this planting accounts for most of the onion cultivation labor. This is because the onion planting is done fairly densely at intervals of a dozen or more centimeters, so when it is manually planted, it is a physically and labor-intensive work. In addition, in onion cultivation, there was a problem that growth was delayed due to damage to the planting after planting.

[0003] Therefore, by growing a molded seedling (plug seedling) by the molded seedling raising method and inserting the molded seedling into planting, the affinity between the field soil at the time of planting and the nursery soil is improved,
Methods for suppressing growth disorders due to plant damage and the like are being studied. In addition, attempts have been made to shorten the planting time and reduce the labor at planting by using mechanical planting with molded seedlings. Incidentally, in the Seedlings seedling method for raising seedlings by using the tray for Seedlings nursery, the seedling method tray port
It filled with soil to Tsu in the door, raising seedlings, one share for each pot,
At the time of planting, pull out each strain from the tray and transplant. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the molded seedlings from being easily pulled out from the tray during transplantation so that the root pot does not collapse.

[0004] In rice and the like, as the seedling grows, the root pot is firmly rooted evenly over the whole soil in the pot of the tray, and the root pot does not collapse when the seedling is pulled out from the tray. Can be planted in a machine. However, due to the nature of onions, the roots do not grow evenly in the soil by simply growing the roots straightly, and the root pots easily collapse when pulling out from the tray for machine planting, and the soil There is a problem that it is easy to drop out.

[0005]

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In the case of mechanical planting, seedlings are mechanically drawn one after another from a tray and transplanted like an automatic rice planting machine, so that the root pot collapses when the seedlings are pulled out. If it does, the affinity with the field soil after transplantation will be impaired, and growth failure will occur, making it unusable for practical use. In order to enable the mechanical planting of onions, it must therefore be made more solid with the onion roots and the soil.

[0006] As a method for increasing the solidification property between the soil and the root, for example, there is a method in which a synthetic paste is mixed with the soil to increase the solidification property. However, in the case of this method, there is no problem when the soil is wet, but when the soil dries, a problem occurs that a glue film is formed on the surface of the soil and water does not permeate. Further, as a method for solving this problem, there is a method in which the root pot is once dipped in a flocculant to harden the soil, but this method has a problem that it takes a lot of time and labor. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY As described above, the present invention enables efficient work by mechanizing the planting work that is a problem in onion cultivation, so that onion seedlings can be suitably grown, and the roots and soil are consolidated. Onion machine that can be applied effectively to machine planting because it has suitable properties
It is intended to provide a method for growing a molded seedling for mechanical planting .

[0007]

The present invention has the following constitution in order to achieve the above object. That is, used for machine planting
Fill the soil in the pot of the seedling raising tray,
To grow onion seedlings for mechanical planting of onions
In the method, as the above-mentioned soil , montmorillonite for preventing the collapse of peat moss and root pots on soil sterilized by heat treatment.
And mix with other ingredients and add an aqueous solution of fertilizer nutrients.
After granulation , heat treatment is applied again to sterilize the material and prevent weeds
And using the soil for raising seedlings whose water content has been adjusted
To do.

[0008]

[Summary of the Invention] A seedling raising tray for mechanical planting of onions
When growing onion seedlings, use a tray for raising seedlings.
The soil for raising seedlings, which is packed in the pot, plays a very important role in the growth of onion seedlings . That is, this seedling
The culture medium is required to have a composition that retains moisture, fertilizer nutrients, and aeration in a well-balanced manner so that the initial growth from germination to before planting can be performed well. Therefore, in the present invention , peat moss is added as an organic matter to the soil as the onion seedling-raising soil so that the root pot is preferably formed. For peat moss, it is preferable to use black peat suitable for retaining water and white peat that is immature and rich in fiber in combination. White peat has the function of ensuring the amount of voids (air ratio) in the soil, and secondarily has the function of retaining water.

A montmorillonite-based material such as bentonite is suitable as a solidifying agent for the soil to prevent the root pot from collapsing. The montmorillonite-based material has very fine particles, is swellable, and has tackiness. Therefore, when bentonite is mixed with soil and water is added, the soil swells and becomes sticky, and acts to harden the soil. As a result, the solidification of the soil can be improved by mixing it with the onion nursery soil, and the collapse of the onion root pot can be effectively prevented. In this way, the root pot does not collapse during mechanical planting, and reliable transplantation becomes possible.

Since the soil for raising seedlings must contain fertilizer nutrients and trace elements necessary for growing crops,
This should be added as appropriate. Fertilizer nutrients include nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium components, and trace elements such as boron, molybdenum, iron, manganese, and magnesium. In preparing the soil for raising seedlings, first, the soil is heat-treated and completely sterilized. It may be heated at about 120 ° C. for about 7 to 10 minutes. To the sterilized soil, peat moss as an organic substance and a montmorillonite material such as bentonite as a solidifying agent are added and sufficiently stirred.

Next, as fertilizer components, N, P ₂ O ₅ and K ₂
Each component of O is 130-150 mg N per 1 liter of soil,
The _{P 2 O 5 1000~1500mg, K 2} O to 130 to 150 mg was added,
Furthermore, add about 100 mg of the total trace element material, and then mix with a granulator for about 5 to 7 minutes so that the fertilizer is evenly mixed and granulated. The particle size is about 2 mm. Next, the mixed materials are sterilized, and the soil is heat-treated again to obtain an appropriate water content. Since an aqueous solution of fertilizer is added as a fertilizer nutrient, it has the meaning of adjusting the water content appropriately by this heat treatment. The heat treatment may be performed at 70 ° C to 80 ° C for about 6 minutes. As the onion soil, the water content is preferably about 20 to 25%.

[0012] In the onion cultivation, when the seedling raising tray is used for raising seedlings, the length of seedlings and variations in growth are eliminated, and uniform seedlings can be obtained. As a result, there is no rooting at the time of machine planting, damage to the plant can be eliminated, and reliable planting can be performed. In addition, the survival of the field soil after planting is improved, which promotes the growth and shortens the finishing period (harvesting period). As a result, it is possible to reduce the work labor, rationalize the management, and allow even an inexperienced person to work.

[0013]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, as a preferred example of the present invention, a machine
Grow onion seedlings using a seedling raising tray
The comparison of seedling growth between the method of the present invention and the conventional method and the root pot disintegration test will be described. (Example 1) As the soil for raising onion seedlings, only the soil was 1 in the first heat treatment.
After heat treatment at 20 ° C for 8 minutes, 55% of soil, 15% of organic matter and 30% of bentonite are mixed and stirred by volume, and as fertilizer nutrients, ammonium nitrate, phosphoric acid solution, potassium chloride,
After spraying a solution of each fertilizer of the comprehensive trace element agent to a specified concentration, granulating it with a granulator, and then as a second heat treatment 70
The soil was obtained by treating at 6 ° C for about 6 minutes. (Example 2) As another example of the onion raising seedling cultivation soil, a soil was obtained by the same production method as in the above-mentioned examples, with the soil composition being 60% soil, 20% organic matter, and 20% bentonite.

Onion seedling tests were conducted using the soil of Example 1 as onion soil A and the soil of Example 2 as onion soil B, and the standard plot as a conventional soil consisting only of soil and organic matter. At the time of raising seedlings, a seedling raising seedling tray was used to sow one grain into one hole, and after sowing, the seedling raising box was fertilized, cultivated, and laid down in a field that had been cultivated. The results of raising seedlings are shown in the table below. The observation period is 2 months after sowing for each soil.

[0015]

[Table 1]

The result of the above growth test is the average value of each strain. Comparing the standard plots with the onion cultivating soils A and B, the plant height of the standard plot is better, and the onion cultivating soils A and B
The order was onion cultivation soil B. This is because the nutrient content of the standard area is large. However, the difference in growth due to the treatment of onion soil A and B is practically not a problem.

As a root pot disintegration test, seedlings grown on the nursery bed as described above were pulled out from the seedling raising tray, and 30
It was dropped from a height of 50 cm and 50 cm, and the state that the root bowl collapsed at that time was observed. In the test, 30 strains were sampled for each treatment group and dropped, and the collapse frequency of the root bowl at that time was examined. The test results are shown below.

[0018]

[Table 2]

A root pot is formed when the onion seedlings are grown on a tray and then pulled out. However, when a drop test was performed on the standard plot, the soil of the root pot was found when dropped from a height of 50 cm. When separated into almost separate pieces and dropped from a height of 30 cm, more than half of them fell apart, leaving the onion roots exposed. On the other hand, in the onion soils A and B, even when both were dropped from a height of 50 cm, the root pots were firmly solidified and the soil did not disperse and collapse. This result shows that the above-mentioned onion soil has a sufficient solidification property and can be effectively used for mechanical planting of onion seedlings.

When the onion cultivating soil A and the onion cultivating soil B are compared, the onion cultivating soil A has poor water repellency and poor water permeability due to irrigation at the time of sowing, whereas the onion cultivating soil B has such a low tendency. Further, even if the materials are mixed at the time of producing the soil, the onion soil for machine planting is more preferably the above onion soil B, that is, a mixture of 20% of bentonite, as it is not so difficult. It was

[0021]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION Molding for onion machine planting according to the present invention
According to the seedling raising method , as described above, the seedling raising tray is used.
Root root is suitable for growing onion seedlings.
Rukoto can, from the fact that the root ball can be firmly formed,
Foster molded seedlings that can be suitably machined by solving the problem that the root pot will collapse during machine planting from the seedling raising tray
It becomes possible to do. Further, this also makes the growth after planting suitable, and has a remarkable effect such as enabling high-quality onion cultivation.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A pot for a seedling raising tray used for mechanical planting.
An imitation that fills the soil in the basket and grows seedlings in each pot
In the method of growing molded seedlings for mechanical planting of Gino,
Then, heat-treated and sterilized soil with peat moss and root pot
Addition and mixing with montmorillonite-based material for preventing collapse
Then, add an aqueous solution of fertilizer and granulate , then heat treat again.
Seedlings that have been subjected to sterilization of material , prevention of weeds and moisture adjustment by applying
Machine planting of onions characterized by using cultivation soil
Method for growing molded seedlings.