JPH07122789B2 - Character arrangement method with correction frame - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a character arrangement method using a correction frame, and in particular, a character pattern for outputting a character string to a word processor, a personal computer, a typewriter or the like by a cursive typeface. The present invention relates to a method of arranging memory and the like.

[Conventional technology]

Characters and character patterns of conventional typewriters, word processors, etc. are all constant in size, and the characters are determined so as to maximize the use of the character frame. That is, as shown in FIG. 2, “now”, “country”,
For Chinese characters such as "day" and "quantity", the size and position with respect to the character frame are determined, and in that case, it is designed to be beautifully arranged if the centers of the characters are fixed. Also, when the spacing between Chinese characters and the spacing between Kana and English characters are the same, the overall arrangement of characters feels strange. This is because the size of the kanji and the shape of the kana are extremely different, and it can be seen that the beauty of the sentence is impaired by such character spacing. In order to solve this, it is necessary not to make all the characters the same, but to take proportional spacing so that each character has a different interval depending on the complexity of the character.

Generally, in the case of printed characters, the size ratio of kanji and kana is about 1: 0.8. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a method of arranging characters, that is, an arrangement method in which the centers of the characters are arranged at equal intervals. Even if the type size (character size) is different, the size of the character frame that normally stores the type is the same in the type board and pattern memory, so the character arrangement is as shown in Fig. 3, and the spacing between Chinese characters is different. Is small and the spacing between kana is large, but the characters are designed so that it does not become an obstacle.

Recently, not only typefaces but cursive type word processors and typewriters have appeared, but in the case of characters written in cursive type, the ratio of kanji to kana may be about 1: 0.3. Not only that, the large and small kanji characters have a large ratio, and the large and small kana characters also have a large ratio. When comparing small kanji and large kana, kana may be larger. is there. The original character shape is
It is considered to be like this.

In addition, the letters written in cursive writing are not always contained in a rectangular frame, and their shapes vary widely. In particular, the left and right "Harai" characters extend, and the upper and lower or left and right characters are asymmetric.

When characters with different sizes and shapes are arranged in such a manner that they look straight and have more natural intervals, a method called proportional spacing is used. FIG. 4 is an array diagram in which the characters are arranged in a fixed size between the centers of the characters when the characters of different sizes are printed, and it is necessary to correct this because the space between the small characters becomes wide. . FIG. 5 is a general proportional spacing, and is an array diagram in which character gaps are made constant. As is clear from both figures, the arrangement in FIG. 5 can be arranged more beautifully.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, even if this proportional spacing is used, it is not so simple in the case of actual sentences with different character shapes. For example, if the gaps between the facing character tips between the letters “meeting” and the same gaps between the letters “surrounding” have the same size, the “surrounding” feels tighter. Therefore, in order to make a beautiful arrangement, it is necessary to slightly widen the "peripheral" character spacing than the "association" spacing.

This is a serious problem because it requires beautifully arranging characters of different shapes with any character.

An object of the present invention is to improve such a problem and to provide a correction frame capable of providing a beautiful, well-balanced and natural interval when arranging characters having different sizes and shapes. An object of the present invention is to provide a character arrangement method by making the dimension between frames constant.

[Means for solving problems]

To achieve the above object, the character arrangement method using the correction frame of the present invention adds a correction value to the outside of the frame obtained by the actual character size when positioning various characters within one character frame of the character generator. If the upper left corner of one character frame is used as a reference point, the distance from the one character frame to the left end of the correction frame, the distance from the one character frame to the upper end of the correction frame, and It is characterized in that the information on the character widths in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction by the correction frame is stored together with the character pattern, and the character pattern is arranged at the time of output using the information.

[Action]

In the normal proportional spacing method, the character spacing (dimension) is constant, so when arranging characters of different shapes and sizes, one looks like a block and the other looks vacant. This is due to an optical illusion, and in order to make this look well-balanced, in the present invention, the periphery of the character is arranged wider than the designated character interval (dimension). For this reason, the ghost (Gh
By providing data with a frame (wide dimension) of "ost" and arranging characters by this data, a beautiful and balanced character arrangement becomes possible.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of how to provide a correction frame, showing an embodiment of the present invention. Here, as an example, the character “engraving” is targeted. The elements that make up Kanji include right slash, flow, splash, tusuki, sanzui, key, horizontal line, vertical line, and Shinniyuu, but in the arrangement of horizontal characters,
Characters with vertical lines on the left or right edge (for example, "circle",
In "enclosure" etc., the character spacing seems to be small, while the characters such as right side, flow, splash, suki, sanzui etc. appear only partially at the ends (for example,
In "Meeting", "Go", etc.), the character spacing seems to be large. On the other hand, in an arrangement of characters in the vertical direction, characters with horizontal lines at the top or bottom (for example, "face", "cause", etc.) seem to have a small character spacing, while Harai, Sanzui, Susuki, Characters in which elements such as Ne are partially exposed at the upper and lower ends (for example, "large", "small", etc.) are felt to have a large character spacing.

Therefore, in this embodiment, vertical lines are arranged in the horizontal direction,
In the vertical arrangement, a correction frame (ghost frame) is provided on the outside for each character having a horizontal line at its end, and the space between adjacent characters is made wider by that amount. For a character in which only a part of the element appears at the end, a correction frame is not provided, and an outer frame that is in contact with the character is provided as in the conventional case. In FIG. 1, a vertical line (here, the vertical line has two steps, but it is regarded as a vertical line for the sake of convenience) appears at the left end of the "engraving".
outwardly added with d ₀ provided correction frame (ghost frame). Further, only a part of the splash element appears at the right end, and since it only contacts with the actual frame at one point, the correction frame is not provided and only the actual frame is provided. That is, the correction value on the right side
Let d ₁ = 0. Since a part of the element close to the horizontal line and a part of the splash appear at the upper end, a slight correction value d ₂ is added to the upper side to provide a correction frame (where d ₂ <d ₀ is there). Further, since the end of the vertical line and the end of the splash appear at a plurality of positions at the lower end, the number of dots in contact with the actual frame is larger than that at the right end, and thus the correction value d ₃ slightly larger than that at the right end.
To add a correction frame (where d ₃ > d ₁ ).
As described above, the present embodiment is characterized in that a correction frame (ghost frame) different from the actual character frame is provided to set a print character or character pattern. In FIG. 1, the solid frame is shown by a solid line, and the correction frame (ghost frame) is shown by a broken line. Furthermore, to be more specific, the entire character frame of the character "engraving" in Fig. 1 is shown as 48 dots x 48 dots, and the actual frame inside that character is 32 dots x 32 dots. Is.
The dot pattern of the leftmost first column is 8 dots, the dot pattern of the leftmost second column is 13 dots, the rightmost first column is 1 dot, the second column is 4 dots, and the third column is 3 dots. The first line at the top is 2 dots, the second line is 5 dots, the third line is 8 dots, and the first line at the bottom is 3 dots, the second line is 3 dots, and the third line is 3 dots. is there. The number of dots at each end and the correction values d ₀ , d ₁ , d ₂ , d ₃ at each end are substantially proportional.

In the present embodiment, when these character patterns are stored in the typewriter dial or the character pattern memory of the word processor, 48 × assigned to each character is used.
For each 48-dot area, the distance from the outermost frame to the correction frame, the horizontal and vertical widths of the characters, that is, the size of the character including the correction value is registered as data for each character, When the processor outputs the data to the printer or the display unit, these data are read out together with the pattern, and the character arrangement is performed according to the data. In Figure 1, the pattern memory, together with the character pattern, the distance x ₁ from the left end character frame to corrected frame, the distance y ₁ from the upper end character frame to corrected frame, character width x ₂ containing lateral correction value, vertical The character width y ₂ including the direction correction value is stored as data. If only this is stored, the distance from the right outer frame to the correction frame is calculated as (48−x ₁ −x ₂ ) dots, and the distance from the lower outer frame to the correction frame is calculated as (48−y ₁ −y ₂ ) dots. it can.

FIG. 6 is a principle diagram showing how to determine a correction value according to the present invention. When deciding the character frame data for arranging the cursive fonts beautifully, considering only the outermost columns at the top, bottom, left, and right sides, it is possible to make characters with different shapes and sizes look straight and vacant spaces. Moreover, it is impossible to arrange them. Therefore, when considering the space between the characters on the right side, as shown in FIG. 6A, the rightmost first column has the largest number of dots (for example, 33 dots), and the second column has the next number of dots. In the case of a triangular character dot group with the right edge as the base and the left edge as the apex, so that the third column has the next largest number (eg, 29 dots)
As shown in FIG. 6 (b), the rightmost first column has only 1 dot, the second column has 3 dots, the third column has 5 dots, ...
Compare the case of a triangular character dot group with the right end as the apex and the left end as the base so that the left end has the most 33 dots.

By the way, prior to this application, the present inventor looks at the intervals of each character beautifully side by side according to the human sense, and the character-to-character distance that can be calculated by CAD is a well-balanced size from the whole. Proposed a Japanese patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 60-155636).
See the specification). According to the above method, when calculating the distance between a plurality of characters that are arranged horizontally or vertically and mixed with kanji, kana, etc. by a CAD program, the capacitance between the corresponding constituent elements of adjacent characters Alternatively, the approximate amount is calculated for all elements in the vertical or horizontal direction, the total of the calculated values is calculated, and the capacitance for each character or the total amount of the approximate amount is calculated between all the arranged characters. The inter-character distances are determined so that they are equal. Here, since the capacitance is inversely proportional to the distance l, in order to realize the above method, the capacitance between the corresponding elements of the adjacent characters is measured, and the capacitance values obtained by combining them are equal to each other. It is necessary to determine each character spacing. For that purpose, 1 / l is calculated for each element, and the distance between characters is determined so that the total value Σ1 / l becomes equal. Furthermore, in practice, 1 / l to 1 / l
^When calculated as ² , it is judged to be beautiful by experts.

In FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b), when the above method is applied,
Obviously, in (a), since there are many dots that are closer to the adjacent characters, the value of Σ1 / l is larger, and it is necessary to set the interval wider than in (b). In (b), the number of dots near the adjacent character is small, and the number of dots increases as the distance increases, so the value of Σ1 / l becomes smaller than (a), and as a result, the interval may be narrower than (a). .

FIG. 6 (c) is a characteristic curve diagram of the capacitance with respect to the distance from the end. Curve a shows 1 / l ', curve b shows 1 / l ² , and curve c shows 1 / l ³ .

Thus, according to the accurate measurement method based on the above-mentioned proposal, it is necessary to calculate the capacitance for all dots for each character, but not only the type of character but also the number of combinations between characters. Therefore, in this embodiment, for the sake of convenience, a method of determining the inter-character distance by giving consideration to only the 1st to 4th columns from the end of the character and performing the calculation.

In the present embodiment, the dots in the first row from the edge have the greatest effect on the electrostatic capacitance, so 1 dot is set to 1.0, and the dots in the second row are 1.1, that is, when 1.1 dots are present, 1 The dots in the third row are 1.2 and the dots in the fourth row are 2.0. Since these numerical values are experimentally determined values, it is needless to say that they can be changed to arbitrary values depending on the sense. The correction frame (ghost frame) of the character is determined as follows based on the correction value for each column as described above. That is, in a character in which a dot is in the first column, b dot is in the second column, c dot is in the third column, and d dot is in the fourth column, (1 / 1.0) a + (1 / 1.1) Since b + (1 / 1.2) c + (1/2) = A, the correction frame (ghost frame) is determined by adding A to the real frame as a correction value for the character. When this correction value A is added to the left and right only by A ₁ and A ₂ , and the horizontal width in the actual character frame is x ₃ , the character width x ₂ including the correction value is x ₂ = x ₃ + A ₁
It is + A ₂ . In the present embodiment, the data to be stored in the storage device includes the horizontal character width x ₂ and the distance x ₁ from the left outer frame to the correction frame, the vertical character width y ₂ and the upper outer frame to the correction frame. The distance to is y ₁ .

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a character arrangement algorithm showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is an arrangement view of patterns of respective characters stored in a character pattern memory according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, the character generator 3
Characters are stored in an arrangement as shown in FIG. In other words, the shape is different for each character due to the kanji, kana, alphabetic characters, etc. and because it is a cursive typeface.Therefore, a character pattern with different width and height for each character and correction values d A correction frame of characters including ₀ , d ₁ , d ₂ , and d ₃ is stored. And for each character, the distance from the outer frame of uniform size to the correction frame x ₁ , the width of the character by the horizontal correction frame x ₂ , the distance from the upper outer frame to the correction frame y ₁ , the vertical correction frame The character width y _{2 according} to is stored as additional information.

The controller adds the character width ax ₂ of the first character, the character width bx _{2 of} the second character, the character width cx ₂ of the third character, ... Is reached, the number of characters displayed (output) in one line is determined. That is,
After calculating ax ₂ + z + bx ₂ + z + cx ₂ + ... and determining the number of characters, it is output to the display device (output device) by the method shown in FIG. (A) shows the case of arranging the characters in the horizontal direction. However, the data used also changes in the case of arranging in the vertical direction except that the data used is changed from y ₁ , ₂ to x ₁ , x _2. , And others are exactly the same (see (b)).

In FIG. 7 (a), first, the first character a is arranged at a predetermined position at the left end and at a position of y ₁ from the upper end of one line, and then the first character a is separated by a character spacing z. 2 letter b from the top
was positioned at a distance of y _1, then place the third letter c apart by character spacing z from the upper end at a distance of y _1, sequentially arranged away from the top end by y ₁ per Thus character . When this is finished, the number of characters in the second line is calculated, and then the character array distance is entered. In this way, the output of the character array for one page, that is, for one screen in the case of the display device is completed by continuing from the third line onward.

In FIG. 7A, the characters in the correction frame are arranged at equal intervals, but in reality, the correction value d ₀ added to the characters in the correction frame is set.
~ D ₃ is added to the character spacing, so each character has a different spacing. This makes it possible to arrange the cursive fonts beautifully.

In the case of vertical writing, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), the first character a is arranged at a distance of x ₁ from the left end, and then the first character a is separated by an equal distance z and separated by x ₁ . The second character b is placed, and then the third character c is placed at a position x ₁ apart by an equal distance z.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to quickly determine the character pitch and the arrangement of output characters by a simple method without calculating the capacitance between the characters, and further, to form an array that humans can perceive beautifully. can do. Therefore, by applying this method to a character set device, a computer typesetting device, a word processor, a personal computer, a display device, a printer, etc., beautiful printing with cursive writing can be realized.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a method of creating a correction frame showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the size of Chinese characters in a character frame, and FIGS. 3, 4, and 5 are FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of proportional spacing, FIG. 6 is a principle diagram of how to determine character frame data for beautifully arranging writing styles, FIG. 7 is a diagram of a character arrangement method showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 8 is a book. It is a storage layout diagram of a character pattern memory showing an embodiment of the invention. d ₀ to d _3: correction values, x _1, y _1: distance from the outer frame to corrected frame, x _2,
y _2: character width due to the correction frame (horizontal, vertical).

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A character generator for storing a dot pattern used when arranging characters by using the proportional spacing method, in the case of positioning various characters within one character frame of the character generator When a correction frame with a correction value is provided outside the frame (actual frame) obtained by the character size, and if the upper left corner of one character frame is used as the reference point, from the one character frame to the left end of the correction frame The distance and the distance from the one character frame to the top of the correction frame,
A character arrangement method using a correction frame, characterized in that information on character widths in the horizontal and vertical directions by the correction frame is stored together with the character pattern, and the character pattern is arranged at the time of output using the information. 2. The correction value is a value obtained by sequentially adding different weights to the number of dots in each row or column from the outside for a set of rows and columns forming a character pattern, and accumulating the correction values. A character arrangement method using a correction frame according to claim 1, wherein a distance determined by is added to the outside of the character.