JPH0718256B2 - Process and safety work monitoring system in construction work, dismantling and construction method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The invention of this application is, firstly, a structure or structure (below, simply referred to as “below” which is a low-rise / high-rise or super-high rise above or below ground and above or below water. "Systems, etc.") or the process of dismantling construction and the monitoring system for safe work, typically the construction or dismantling of super-large vertical vessels or large-diameter pipes in super-large oil plants (hereinafter simply "construction" Also referred to as "construction, etc."), and secondly, a construction method for dismantling and construction of the structures and the like.

[Technical background of the invention]

In Japan, in the front of the high growth period beginning in 1955, many large petroleum plants are struggling for land sequel to various seaside areas of the Japanese archipelago in search of both economies of scale and seaside effects. Was built. This is the birth of a world-leading Great Seaside Industrial Zone, which is a belt-shaped area filled with the Pacific coast of the Japanese archipelago.

Now, one third of the century has passed, and nowadays, with the prospect of a new 1990s, it is said that these facilities have deteriorated or become obsolete, partly or wholly. You have to judge. Thus, a new era of demolition and construction has arrived.

However, construction and demolition here is not as easy as it looks on a desk.

In Japan, where the land is small, it was not possible to acquire sufficient factory premises, so high-rise or super-high-rise structures or structures (for example, 60 to 80
The ultra-high-rise vertical vessels, which sometimes hang down to 100 m, and sometimes large-diameter pipes that connect them, etc., are constructed in close proximity to each other.

There are more than ten large-scale devices on a typical refinery site, but even if you take one of them, for example, a fluid catalytic cracking device (FCC), The ultra-high-rise reaction tower, regeneration tower, and main distillation tower stand up first, and then debutane towers, gasoline fractionation towers, and depropanizer towers surround them, followed by butylene polymerization equipment and various purification equipment. Equipment groups, power recovery equipment, exhaust heat boilers, denitration equipment, electric dust collectors, and other equipment are installed, and a large number of large-diameter pipes, etc. sew between the above equipment,
Has been complicated and plumbing.

This alone makes the dismantling work extremely difficult, but it is social and economic that it is not allowed to bring these facilities to a halt for a long period of time. The added circumstance makes it even more complicated and difficult.

In Japan (and therefore also in other countries), I have never experienced the demolition work of super high-rise structures and the subsequent reconstruction under such complicated and difficult circumstances. Therefore, it is not yet clear what kind of potential danger lies.

In the dismantling work of low-rise structures, etc. when there is a sufficient space around them, a) collapse the low-rise structures on the spot b) In the case of a fall, incidental structures such as the low-rise structures Using the H-shaped steel that has been used as a cushion c) The method of removing after shredding was adopted, but such a method is a structure under severe environmental conditions as described above. Can not be applied to the dismantling work of.

Then, in designing and constructing the dismantling construction of the super high-rise structure in the environment as described above, first, the following disassembling method can be considered instead of the above construction method.

(Dismantling method 1) A large number of pairs of mounting hooks are fixed by welding to the uppermost end of a super high-rise structure, etc., and a large number of mounting wires are hooked on these mounting hooks. Hook the giant crane hook of the crane, apply sufficient tension to suspend the super high-rise structure, etc., cut the bottom part with an appropriate cutting machine (for example, acetylene gas cutting machine or arc cutting machine), and cut The entire structure is hoisted by the crane, horizontally moved, hoisted in a proper place, tumbled, shredded, and then discarded.
However, the disassembling method 1 cannot be generally applied.

When the above-mentioned dismantling method 1 is applied even to a super high-rise structure or the like placed in the environment as described above, there is a risk of causing a serious accident affecting human life and equipment in the processes of to. Is. There are rolling and rotation phenomena that occur immediately after the completion of the cutting work of super high-rise structures, etc. in the process, the cutting phenomenon of the mounting wire or crane wire due to it, and the subsequent fall of super high-rise structures etc. Rollover phenomenon, also rollover phenomenon of the super-large crane itself,
Rolling phenomenon (lateral vibration phenomenon) caused by strong winds in super high-rise structures to be cut that are suspended by crane wires in the process Falling and roll-over phenomena of super high-rise structures, etc., collision with other operating super high-rise structures, etc. due to various phenomena of the above, and partial or total damage or destruction thereof, process-
Potential hazards such as collisions with other operating super high-rise structures, etc. due to operation errors of the crane in the above, and partial or total damage or destruction of them, etc. However, if one step is mistakenly made to reveal these potential risk factors, injury or death of human life,
There is a possibility that it may develop into an unforeseen catastrophe such as a subsequent ignition, explosion, or even a secondary ignition and explosion.

Therefore, next, a disassembling method as described below can be considered.

(Dismantling method 2) A number of pairs of mounting hooks are fixed by welding to the uppermost end of a super high-rise structure, etc., and a large number of mounting wires are hung on these mounting hooks. Hook the huge crane hook of a large crane, apply sufficient tension to suspend the entire weight of the part above the planned cutting surface in the structure, and cut the planned cutting surface with a cutting machine (for example, acetylene gas cutting machine) Then, the cut portion is lifted by the crane, moved horizontally and vertically, then hung in a suitable place, shredded, and appropriately discarded. In the same manner, steps to are repeated.

It is obvious, of course, that this method eliminates many potential risk factors compared to the dismantling method 1 described above.

By the way, at the other end of demolition, of course, there is reconstruction or new construction.

It cannot be denied that the same potential risk factors as in the above-mentioned demolition work are also present when reconstructing following demolition or in new construction separately.

Therefore, even in the case of re-construction or new construction, two construction methods can be considered, corresponding to the above-mentioned two dismantling methods and common in the presence or absence of division processing.

In these two construction methods, the arrangement order of the unit processes and the contents of the unit processes are almost opposite to those in the two disassembling methods.

[Problems of prior art and object of invention]

In the above construction work, the design enforcement management supervisor and the supervisor of the Labor Standards Inspection Office (hereinafter simply referred to as "construction management supervisor, etc.") are required to prevent the occurrence of occupational accidents. It is necessary to grasp the whole construction situation without leaking details.

However, since these construction management supervisors do not have the experience of working at high places or super high places like the Tobi job, they go up to the work stage of 60 to 80m, sometimes 100m above the ground. I can't. Even if you could climb, the size of the super-high-rise structures, etc. to be monitored is too large, so it is only possible to grasp the local situation, and there is a risk of discrepancies in grasping the entire situation. .

Therefore, the worker on the work stage is equipped with a transceiver, based on the voice report from the worker via this transceiver, and in comparison with past cases, strive to grasp the whole situation, based on the grasped situation, A method has been adopted in which a command or instruction is given to a worker or the like via the transceiver.

However, we can't rely solely on this method for hours. Even in the case of medium-scale construction, it was already possible to avoid the feeling of pruritus, so there is no way it can be used in the large-scale construction mentioned above.

In short, in Japan, as described above, there is no experience in large-scale construction work under severe environmental conditions as described above, and there is no adequate monitoring system for such cases.

Going back, as mentioned above, the design execution management supervisors who perform large-scale and inexperienced construction under severe conditions are liable for respect for human life and equipment protection. It is necessary to take the attitude of making a radical review of the specifications of the construction method, rather than making an extension. Quantitative changes often evoke qualitative changes.

Thus, with respect to the construction method itself, the following problems (1) to (3) appear.

The internal relations between construction method specifications are not clarified, and therefore these specifications are not organically organized. That is, the construction method is not systematized.

There are some misunderstandings about the specifications of the construction method based on empirical principles. For example, regarding the mounting wire, there is an idea that the more the number of mounting wires is, the safer and more reliable the work is. In fact, when suspending a low-rise structure or the like, two or more mounting wires are used. This idea was inadvertently generalized in experience with low-rise structures and, in fact, is not valid for construction of super-high-rise structures. (Incidentally, this has been clarified for the first time by the inventors of this application.) Therefore, the object of the invention of this application is to solve the above problems at once, and It is to provide a reliable monitoring system and a new and safe construction method capable of cooperating with it.

[Means for Solving Problems or Principle of the Invention]

The first principle of the monitoring system of the present invention is that, firstly, an ultra-large crane or the like having a height far exceeding the height of a structure or the like to be disassembled or constructed is used. M at the tip or near the tip (m ≧
2) By suspending or attaching one of the TV cameras, one or more TV cameras may be additionally attached to the middle of the crane boom, if necessary. By disperse / attach the side surfaces of the part at appropriate intervals with each other, that is, r (m-
By arranging 1 ≧ r ≧ 1) TV cameras on the crane boom, it is possible to provide a bird's-eye view of the overall structure including the structures and the human objects surrounding them. , Its zoom function makes it possible to closely observe the local situation at the uppermost end of the layered structure or the like and in the vicinity thereof, and secondly, a predetermined surrounding surrounding the structure or the like forming the monitored object. In the annular region, a temporary structure having the same height as the structure, etc. is temporarily installed so as to surround the structure etc. as much as possible, and an existing structure that can be used in the predetermined annular region. If there is no such thing, the temporary construction alone,
When there is an existing building that can be used, both s (= m-
r) (m ≧ 2, m−1 ≧ r ≧ 1) television cameras are supported so as to be movable as the work stage and the work plane move, and these cameras support the work stage and the work plane. The third aspect of the present invention is to enable a detailed bird's-eye view of the local situation of the image. Thirdly, the image signals of each image captured by each of the television cameras are converted into an image signal synthesizer for M-screen multi-system (communication image synthesis processing Device)
The display screen of each individual monitor television (image signal receiving device for M-screen multi-system) can be displayed simultaneously on M partial screens that are formed by dividing the entire display screen into M parts. The construction management supervisor, etc. of the whole, consisting of super-high-rise structures to be dismantled or constructed and the various human and physical objects surrounding them, will carry out a global or local momentary fluctuation process, It is possible to grasp the bird's-eye view and the insect-eye view freely without leaking as much as possible. Fourth, the worker on the work stage and the crane operator in the crane operator room (hereinafter referred to as “worker, etc.”) In addition, the construction management supervisor, etc. shall equip each with a transceiver, so that the construction management supervisor, etc. can timely and appropriately order the workers etc. via the transceiver. Fifth, by arranging a recording device, a scientific and objective method for investigating and researching later, investigating the cause, and clarifying the responsibility in the event of an accident should it occur. It is also possible to provide various data.

The second principle of the surveillance system of the present invention is the addition of k (m ≧ k ≧ 1) television cameras to the surveillance system according to the first principle of the surveillance system of the present invention, and These k TV cameras are individually or collectively provided on the input side of the M-screen multi-system image synthesizing device (communication image synthesizing processing device) by the k high-frequency changeover switches. The k television cameras of the television cameras can be switched and used with each or all of the k television cameras, or these k television cameras can be placed on the super high-rise structure in the planned work plane. , S (= m−r) TV cameras are supported in the same manner as described above, so that the total (m−r)
+ K) TV cameras can be used to provide a more detailed view of the local situation on the work stage and work plane, or any one of these k TV cameras can be used for crane winch (hoisting). (Equipment) inside or outside, so that the winding state of the crane wire can be monitored, and when an abnormal winding state of the crane wire is found, rewinding of the crane winch By repeating the hoisting operation, the abnormal winding state can be resolved to prevent the accident of the disconnection of the crane wire in advance, or all or part of these k television cameras can be Other monitoring points other than the above, to monitor the situational changes at those monitoring points directly or via a recording device.
It is in the place where it can be monitored constantly or at any time.

Further, the third principle of the surveillance system of the present invention is such that a second recording device is further added to the surveillance system according to the second principle of the surveillance system of the present invention, and the k television cameras capture images. The image signal of each image is
Alternatively, after the images are combined, they are collectively recorded and then reproduced on the monitor TV at any time so that the situation change at the above-mentioned monitoring points can be grasped.

A fourth principle of the monitoring system of the present invention is that when the work surface (cutting or connecting surface) is a vertical surface, s
(= M−r) TV cameras are supported so as to be symmetrically and equidistantly arranged in the vertical plane, and otherwise the same as the first to third principles. is there. The fourth principle is applied to, for example, dismantling or construction of large-diameter pipes or horizontal vessels.

The principle of the dismantling and construction method of the present invention is that, firstly, only one large-diameter wire is used as the mounting wire, and therefore, only one pair of mounting hook is provided for each block. As a result, the probability of accidents in cutting the mounting wire is reduced compared to the case where multiple mounting wires with smaller diameters are used. It is divided into two stages, and in the first stage, s (s ≧ 2) with equal intervals is formed.
The arcuate peripheral wall parts (for example, the arcuate part extending over 30 to 50 cm on the planned cutting line) are left uncut, and the other s longer arcuate peripheral wall parts between the s arcuate peripheral wall parts. Is cut into a slit shape, and in the second step, the s number of arc-shaped peripheral wall portions left previously are cut simultaneously by the same number of workers by the same number of workers at the same speed, As a result, the occurrence of burrs at the completion of cutting, the rolling of the block to be cut, the rotation, etc. are reduced, the worker's body and equipment are safe, and thirdly, the internal relations of each process are clarified. By arranging them so as to form a parallel relationship as closely as possible with no gaps on the time axis, the working time can be shortened and the worker can work for a long time (for example, 4 to 5 hours). / 1 paragraph)
This is because the probability of accidents such as crane operation errors due to fatigue and distraction due to the accident has been reduced.

The invention of this application can be applied to underground as well as above ground, and above and below water. This is because underwater work, underwater cutting, underwater welding, and underwater television cameras have been put to practical use.

[S1 of Monitoring System] The S1 of FIG. 1 will be described.

In the figure, 1 is a high-rise to ultra-high-rise structure (typically, an ultra-high-rise vertical cylindrical vessel in an oil plant) having a diameter of 6 to 16 m and a height of 60 to It has a length of 80m and sometimes 100m.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a high-rise building or a super-high-rise building (a so-called worker's scaffolding), which requires the same height as that of the high-rise building.

Reference numeral 3 is a work stage, that is, a work stage on which a worker rides to perform work.

4 is the first planned cut surface 1 counted from the top.
In the following order, the i (i = 2,3, ..., p) th planned cutting plane i
Continues.

Reference numeral 5 is a single large-diameter (10 to 20 cm, sometimes 26 cm) mounting wire, and has loops (not shown) closed by welding at both ends. The process of loop closure is as follows, in detail.

Unravel the twist of the wire tip over a specified length, and use an appropriate tool (for example, Shino) to move the knot on the wire toward the center side from the intended knot point and follow the specified length. Unravel the twist to create a gap between adjacent strands. Insert each strand of the wire tip previously unraveled in the gap between the strands. , Creating a joint part as if it is in a complex twisted wire state or braided state locally consisting of twice the number of strands over a predetermined length, a knot point that can be placed in the joint part And the vicinity thereof are further strongly bonded by welding, and lead is applied to a part or all of the bonding portion in order to further strengthen the bonding.

By welding in advance to the upper end of the high-rise to super high-rise structure 1,
A pair of pedestal hooks (not shown) are fixed. The fixed positions of the pair of pedestal hooks must be in an exact point-symmetrical relationship with respect to the center point.

The loops at both ends of the mounting wire 5 are hooked on this mounting hook.

CB is a crane boom of a super-large crane for land or ships. The height must be far higher than the height of the monitored object for the reason described later. As a super large crane to be used here,
In fact, there will be a huge crane, such as only one or two in Japan. 7 is the large diameter (10
~ 20 cm, sometimes more) crane wire. 6
Is a huge crane hook attached to the tip of this crane wire. The crane hook 6 is hooked on the central portion of the mounting wire 5.

c ₁ is a television camera (for example, an ultra-small CCD television camera), which is suspended by a cable 8 at the tip of the crane boom CB. The television camera is powered by (or in line with) the cable 8. The direction of the mirror head (helicoid) with the lens must be variable.

The required altitude of the TV camera c _{1 is} the altitude of the super high-rise structure, etc., in order to grasp the whole structure consisting of the super high-rise structure and various human objects surrounding it at once and simultaneously and in a bird's-eye view. It must be at an altitude that far exceeds.

Further, the position of the television camera c _{1 in} the horizontal plane must be selected at a point outside the image cutout area defined below.

Here, the image cut-out area means the inside of an imaginary circle (cylinder) having the crane wire 7 as the center point (line) and the radius being the minimum allowable distance described below. The minimum allowable distance is a function of the diameter of the crane wire 7, the size of the field of view of the television camera c ₁ , the size of the monitored object, etc. Speaking of which, as shown in Fig. 1, a super-large vertical cylindrical vessel 1
In the case of, it is about 1 m. When suspending and arranging the TV camera c ₁ and aiming for it without knowing or insight of the phenomenon of image breakage, aim the mirror head (helicoid) toward the crane wire 7 side with a large diameter. When the crane wire is used, the field of view of the camera lens is blocked by the crane wire, and half of the screen (when the diameter of the crane wire 7 is 10 to 20 cm) or all of the screen (when the diameter is 26 cm) can disappear. Not only can it not be detected, but at the end it cannot even be detected. (Incidentally, this phenomenon of image breakage is a phenomenon that the inventor (applicant) of the present invention has clarified for the first time.) C _{2 to} c ₄ are television cameras similar to c ₁ (for example, Ultra small CCD
It must be a television camera) and as symmetrical and equidistant as possible, as shown in FIG. 1 (b).

Here, the symmetrical arrangement means an arrangement relation that satisfies ∠c ₂ oc ₃ = ∠c ₃ oc ₄ = ∠c ₄ oc ₂ when the center point (line) of the cylindrical vessel is o. , Equidistant arrangement means that the distances between the individual television cameras c ₂ , c ₃ , c ₄ and the wall surface of the cylindrical vessel (and hence the distance between these television cameras and the center point of the cylindrical vessel) are the same. It means an arrangement relationship such that

Now, considering a triangle circumscribing the cylindrical vessel, or a triangle including the cylindrical vessel, and disposing the television cameras c _{2 to} c ₄ at their respective vertices, all of the cylindrical vessel Images can be taken and observed over the peripheral wall.

However, these TV cameras c _{2 to} c ₄ must be able to move as the work stage moves.

A manual or automatic white balance device (not shown), a manual or automatic focus adjustment device (not shown), or a manual or automatic lens barrel direction remote control is provided at an appropriate position after the television cameras c _{1 to} c _4. The device is located and connected.

The MTV ₁ is a monitor television, that is, an image signal receiving device for an m-screen multi-system, which is installed in a crane operator room and is used by a crane operator (or an inspecting supervisor) to monitor an object to be monitored. It

The MTV2 is also a monitor television, that is, an image signal receiving device for an m-screen multi-system, and is installed in the construction management supervisor room, and is used by the supervisor or the like to monitor the monitored object.

The first TV camera c ₁ is provided on the first quarter screen 1 (upper left) formed by dividing the full screen of the monitor TVs MTV ₁ and MTV ₂ into four.
The image signal transmitted from the second television camera c ₂ is displayed on the second quarter screen 2 (upper right).
The image signal transmitted from is displayed as it is, and the third TV camera c ₃ is displayed on the third quarter screen 3 (lower left).
The image signal transmitted from the fourth television camera c ₄ is displayed on the fourth 4th half screen 4 (lower right).
The image signal transmitted from is displayed as it is.

The MM is an image signal synthesizing device (communication image synthesizing device) for m-screen multi-system, which processes image signals from m (m ≧ 2) TV cameras to obtain the above-mentioned general TV screen. As described above, it is a device for converting each image into a combined signal that can be simultaneously and concurrently displayed as an image. (This device itself is known before this application, as it is known from the live broadcasting of television etc.) VR is a record-like video, that is, a video tape recorder, for a long time (about 4 to 5 hours or More than that) is a recording device that can record over time. This recording device is placed in one or both of the crane operator room and the construction supervisor room. In the case of arranging in only one side, it is a good idea to give priority to the arrangement in the crane operator room from the viewpoint of securing objective data for investigating the cause in case of an accident.

Workers on the work stage, clay operators, construction management supervisors, etc. shall be equipped with transceivers.

Embodiment S2 of Monitoring System The embodiment S2 of the monitoring system of the present invention is a monitoring system in which the second monitor television MTV ₂ in the embodiment S1 is omitted. When using this monitoring system, the construction management supervisor can go out to the crane operator room and monitor the safety work by the monitor TV MT ₂ there.

[Examples P1 and P2 of the construction method, Example S1 of the alignment monitoring system
Effective use method of the invention] As shown in FIG. 1, when the high-rise to super-high-rise structure 1 is cut into p pieces and sequentially removed, embodiments P1 and P2 of the construction method of the present invention, and the present invention The effective use method of the embodiment S1 of the monitoring system will be described in detail.

(Actually, it should be noted that the first dismantling method corresponds to the case of p = 1 and the second dismantling method corresponds to the case of p ≧ 2.) First, a high-rise to super-high-rise structure 1. Select p cut planes on 1.

Now, consider an xyz coordinate system in which the Z axis coincides with the center of gravity line (= vertical center line) of the high-rise or super high-rise structure 1, and the origin is located in the lower end surface (= upper upper end surface) of the structure, and , H = H
Assuming / p, the p horizontal cutting planes to be selected are, in order from the top, p horizontal planes determined by z coordinates (p-1) h, (p-2) h ,. Alternatively, it is assumed that there are p horizontal planes in the vicinity thereof. Hereinafter, these cut surfaces will be referred to as cut surface 1, cut surface 2, cut surface 3, ..., Cut surface p in order from the top.

Then, in the process of constructing the high-rise to ultra-high-rise temporary structure 2, at the time when the work stage 3 approaches each of the planned cutting planes i (i = p, p−1, ..., 1) in order from the bottom, A pair of pedestal hooks (not shown) are fixed by welding on the peripheral wall surface of the structure immediately below each planned cut surface i. The fixed position of each pair of mounting hooks must be set so as to be exactly point-symmetric with respect to the center of gravity line. (In some cases, the mounting work of the pedestal hook may be postponed, and it may be designed to be performed immediately after the cutting / removing work of each individual.) When the construction of the temporary construction 2 is completed, Finally, the work of cutting / removing the high-rise or super high-rise structure 1 begins. The details are as follows.

After hooking the super-large crane hook 6 on the accurate midpoint of the large-diameter mounting wire 5 and lifting it, and moving it to the position immediately above the uppermost end face of the high-rise or super-high-rise structure 1,
Stop.

The wire loops at both ends of the large-diameter wire 5 are hooked on a pair of mounting hooks that are fixed to the peripheral wall surface of the uppermost end of the high-rise to super-high-rise structure 1 by welding.

Tension is applied to the large-diameter mounting wire 5 through the crane wire 7. This tension must continue to be maintained.

After that, the construction management supervisor and the like must confirm that the magnitude of the tension is sufficient to suspend the entire weight of the portion of the structure above the first planned cut surface 4, and the crane hook 6 It is necessary to continue checking whether or not the crane wire 7 and the crane wire 7 are present accurately on the center of gravity (= center line) of the high-rise or super high-rise structure 1.

The first planned cutting surface 4 is cut by a cutting machine (for example, an acetylene gas cutting machine or an arc cutting machine). The cutting work is done in two stages.

In the first step, the peripheral wall portion of the three television camera c _2, c _3, each of the front side on the front to appropriate length in the front side on the front side of the c ₄ (e.g. 30 to 50 cm) is not cut, the remainder of the peripheral wall Cut only the part. The cutting work starts from three locations,
At this stage, the same cutting speed is not yet required.

In the second stage, the three TV cameras c ₂ , c ₃ and c ₄ are left in front of or in front of the front of the _three TV cameras, and the three peripheral wall portions left uncut are simultaneously operated by three workers at the same speed. With
Make a quick cut. The operator must lie down immediately after completing the cutting. This is to protect the body from the rolling and rotation phenomena of the block to be cut accompanied by burrs that occur immediately after the cutting is completed. Still, when the work is not convenient, the life of the hawk is at risk. This is because the block to be cut that greatly sways is pressed against the work scaffold. Possibly, there is a risk that it will lead to a major accident that will overturn the scaffolding itself.

The cut part is lifted by the crane, moved horizontally and vertically, and then hung in a proper place.

 After shredding, discard.

In the dismantling method P1 described above, there is no need to use a plurality of mounting wires as in the conventional method, but only one large-diameter mounting wire is used. It has succeeded in eliminating one other cause of disconnection accidents.

According to the conventional wisdom, it is safer and more reliable to suspend the work by using a plurality of pedestal wires, but according to the study by the inventors, this common wisdom was incorrect.

That is, when using multiple mounting wires, it is possible that the mounting wires may intersect or overlap on the crane hook, and tension and shearing force may be applied to the lower mounting wire. However, due to the complex concentration and the addition of notch effects, it was rather easy to cause a cutting accident.

The management supervisor of this kind of dismantling work, which has potential dangers everywhere due to its large scale,
From the viewpoint of respect for human life and protection of equipment, aiming for no accident, it is necessary to carefully check the following matters and to give each worker timely and appropriate command instructions.

(B) Is the tension of the crane wire 7 or the pedestal wire 5 appropriate? The crane wire in the crane winch (hoisting machine) is regularly and regularly and closely and without gaps.
Have you been wound up?

(B) Are the pedestal hook, pedestal wire 5 and crane hook 6 properly engaged, and are there any abnormalities in their members?

(C) Are the crane hook 6 and the crane wire 7 correctly positioned on the center of gravity of the structure 1?

Is the first stage cutting work of (d) completed completely? In other words, is the cut surface straight, or is a shape that does not easily generate burrs secured?

Is the cutting work of the second stage of (e) done at the same speed at the same time? Is the peripheral edge of the cutting opening shaped so as not to generate burrs?

(F) Is the operator in a position to be able to lie down quickly after completing the cutting work?

(G) Is there any abnormality in the environment? And so on.

However, it is extremely difficult for construction management supervisors, etc. to confirm (a) to (g), etc.
It was virtually impossible. However, the embodiment of the present invention
When adopting the monitoring system by S1, the construction management supervisor can check the above (a) to (g) etc. very easily, and based on this, the worker etc. can be confirmed. On the other hand, it becomes possible to issue appropriate command instructions in a timely manner.

This is the end of the description of the embodiment P1 and the like of the disassembling method.

Next, Example P2 of the construction method will be described in detail.

The example P2 of the construction method is roughly opposite to the example P1 of the disassembly method in the arrangement order of the unit steps and the respective contents of the unit steps. Example P2 of the construction method is configured by reversing the sequence order of the steps and the respective contents of the unit steps in Example P1 of the dismantling method.

That is, a pair of pedestal hooks are fixed by welding to the upper ends of the p (p ≧ 1) blocks that form the super high-rise structure.

The pedestal wire is hoisted, moved from the bottom to the nearest upper position of the uppermost end of the block j to be arranged at the j-th position from the bottom, and then made stationary.

The pair of wire loops at both ends of the mounting wire are hooked on the pair of mounting hooks.

The j-th block j is hoisted by a super-large crane to move horizontally and vertically, and is stopped or stopped above the already arranged j-1 th block (j-i) and then hoisted. Lower it.

Accurately match the upper flange of block (j-i) with the lower flange of block j. At that time, the contours of both flanges are matched by a crane operation by a crane operator, and the bolt holes of both flanges are matched by rotating the upper block j by a required angle by a lever operation by a worker on the work stage. Let

The joints of both flanges are completely welded by welding, and build-up welding is performed on the head peripheral edge of the bolt and the peripheral edge of the nut.

(The purpose of welding is to achieve perfect air-tightness and water-tightness. Even if there is a hole about the size of a needle, if such a hole is left somewhere, high-pressure fluid is ejected with a violent force. The process is repeated.

The fact that the monitoring system according to the embodiment S1 of the present invention is extremely effective for the above-mentioned construction work is apparent from the similarities to the case where it is applied to the above-mentioned dismantling work.

[Example S3 of Monitoring System] The monitoring system of Example S3 has a fifth television camera c ₅ added to the monitoring system of Example S1, whereby a crane winch (winder) (not shown) is added. It is also possible to monitor whether or not the winding condition of the crane wire inside the () is normal.

The winding state of the crane wire in the crane winch (hoisting machine) is such that no matter which winding layer is taken, there is always no gap between adjacent wires,
It must be closely aligned. When the winding state in which a gap due to misalignment exists between the wires is left, the winding state collapses when the load suddenly increases, and there is a risk that the crane wire will be broken due to the accompanying shock.

Therefore, the fifth television camera c ₅ monitors the winding state from moment to moment, or
When necessary, if one of the quarter screens of a monitor TV is played back by fast-forwarding and inspected, a disconnection accident can be avoided in advance.

In the embodiment S3, an arbitrary one of the _four TV cameras c _{1 to} c ₄ and the fifth TV camera c ₅ are switched and used as necessary to provide a four-screen display. You can leave it as it is, or image signal synthesizer MM for 4-screen multi-system
Image signal synthesizer M for 5 screen multi-system instead of ₄
It is also possible to use the M _5. In the latter case, the fifth
You can also make the screen relatively small.

Monitoring system in Example S4 Example S4 in monitoring systems], to the monitoring system of Example S1, and additionally the three television cameras _{c 22, c 33, c 44} , these television cameras c ₂₂ , C ₃₃ , c ₄₄ , and the television cameras c ₂ , c ₃ , c ₄ described above can be switched and used.

According to the camera arrangement of Example S4, the blind spots are reduced and the chances that the field of view is blocked by the worker or the like are also reduced, so that the situation can be grasped more accurately over the entire peripheral wall of the super high-rise structure or the like. be able to.

〔The invention's effect〕

As is clear from the above description, there are many adjacent high-rise structures, etc. that are in operation in the vicinity, and when they are damaged or destroyed due to a collision accident, etc.・ There are still sufficient monitoring systems to safely and reliably carry out the dismantling or construction work of individual super high-rise structures when there is a risk of causing an unforeseen disaster such as an explosion. This is where it didn't exist.

Therefore, the enormous technical significance of the present invention is to provide sufficient supervision for safely and reliably carrying out dismantling or construction work of individual super high-rise structures and the like placed under such a severe environment. The system is being offered for the first time.

When adopting the monitoring system according to the present invention in the construction for dismantling or construction of a super high-rise structure which is extremely difficult as described above, when the construction management supervisor, etc. Through a single television camera positioned far above, the global situation relating to both the super high-rise structure and the entire environment consisting of human and physical objects surrounding it is divided into parts. It becomes possible to grasp the bird's-eye view as it is, without any need, and the super high-rise temporary structure (work scaffold) in the work plane.
(M-1) pieces (m ≧
Through the TV camera of 2), the local situation on the work stage and in the work plane is divided into parts and detailed,
In other words, it became possible to grasp from a perspective view,
And above all, through the m sub-screens formed by partitioning the entire screen of a single monitor TV into m sub-screens, the m pictures at every moment, which are captured by the m TV cameras, are displayed at once.
It becomes possible to observe simultaneously and in parallel, which makes it possible to see the global situation and the local situation in which the whole of the monitored object centering on the super high-rise structure is often divided and stands up against each other. With a slight change in the eyes, it is now possible to grasp the bird's-eye view and insect's-eye view freely without giving large leaks instantly. It becomes possible to issue appropriate command instructions to operators etc. in a timely manner. In addition to this, m images that change moment by moment are recorded in one recording device, and this is recorded when necessary. By playing all at once, simultaneously, and in parallel on a single monitor TV, and making a very slight change in the line of sight, the global situation and the local situation can be instantly and in a detailed bird's-eye view without leaking. Freely grasp from a perspective view So it will be able to, improvements and of a further step, for the emergency investigate the cause of the accident occurrence, scientific and
It will also be possible to provide objective data. Furthermore, the monitoring system according to the present invention simultaneously provides the inspector of the Labor Standards Inspection Office with scientific means in the above-mentioned sense and multifaceted data, which in turn leads to human life. For labor inspection administration aiming for respect and no accident,
It also provides a scientifically and objectively established basis.

Further, when the construction method according to the present invention is adopted, it is possible to simultaneously achieve further work safety and shortening of the construction period.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a monitoring system according to an embodiment S1 of the present invention,
It is a schematic diagram which shows this structure etc. and a monitoring system at the time of applying to the dismantling construction of a structure etc., Comprising: (a) of the same figure.
Is a schematic diagram showing a spatial arrangement relationship between various elements constituting the surveillance system of the present invention, and FIG. 7B is a schematic view showing the arrangement positional relationship of the three television cameras c ₂ , c ₃ , c ₄ . It is a horizontal sectional view. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the connection relationship between the main elements constituting the m-screen multi-system which is a subsystem of the surveillance system according to the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... High-rise to ultra-high-rise structure (for example, super-large vertical vessel), 2 ... High-rise to ultra-high-rise temporary construction (for example, work scaffolding), 3 ... Work stage, 4 ... First cut surface, 5
… Wire with pedestal, CB… Crane boom, 6… Crane hook, 7… Crane wire, 8… Cable, c _{1 to} c ₄ …
Ultra-compact CCD TV camera, MTV _{1 to} MTV ₂ ... m screen multi-system image signal receiving device, VR ... recording device (eg video tape recorder), MM ... m screen multi system image signal synthesizing device.

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. A temporary structure (2) having a working stage (3) and m (m ≧ 2) TV cameras (c ₁ to _cm ).
And one or more image signal synthesizers (MM) for M-screen multi-system consisting of one or more, and n (n ≧
1) consists of a plurality of image signal receiving devices (MTV _{1 to} MTV _n ), and the temporary building (2) is within an annular area of a predetermined width surrounding the monitored object (1) consisting of a structure or a building. At the same height as the monitored object (1),
Moreover, it is constructed to have a shape that surrounds the monitored object (1) in the widest possible range, and the m TV cameras (c ₁ to _cm ) are The first group, the second group, and the third group are divided into groups. The first group includes r (m-1 ≧ r ≧ 1) TV cameras (c ₁ to _cr ) and the second group. Is s (m-1 ≧
r ≧ 1) TV cameras ( _{cr + 1} to _{cr + s} ), and the third group consists of the remaining t (m−r−s ≧ t ≧ 0) TV cameras. Numerical values r, s, and t are the expressions r +
s + t = m, and for the r TV cameras (c ₁ to _cr ) of the first group, the TV camera (c ₁ ) having the first priority is the height of the monitored object. The crane wire (7) should be hung or picked up at or near the tip of a crane boom (CB) such as a large or ultra-large crane with a height far exceeding Dressed, second priority
When there are TV cameras below the rank (when r ≧ 2), they are appropriately dispersed / attached along the side surface of the middle part of the crane boom (CB), etc. s TV cameras (ct _{+ 1- cr + s} )
In the case where there is no existing building other than the temporary building (2) in the ring-shaped area of the predetermined width, the whole of the ring is provided at an appropriate location of the temporary building (2). When there is an existing building that can be used in addition to the temporary building (2) in the area, the work plane and the work stage are moved to appropriate positions on both the temporary building (2) and the existing building. Are supported so that they can be moved with each other and are arranged symmetrically and equidistantly in the work plane as much as possible. Regarding the TV cameras of the third group, the TV cameras with the first priority or lower are Sometime (when t ≧ 1)
Is a temporary construction for monitoring the normality / abnormality of the mounting hooks and the mounting wires of those television cameras other than the mounting locations of the first group and the second group. 2) The right place, crane boom (CB)
Suitable location such as an existing structure outside the annular area for monitoring the turning operation of the crane, suitable location inside and outside the crane winch for monitoring the winding state of the clay wire in the crane winch, etc.), The n image signal receiving devices (MTV _{1 to} MTV _n ) are divided into two groups, and the u (u ≧ 2) image signal receiving devices (MTV _{1 to} MT) having the first priority are _first grouped.
The first group consisting of V _u ) is arranged in the crane operator room, and then the group consisting of (n−u) image signal receiving devices (MTV _{u + 1 to} MTV _n ) of second priority. (When n ≧ 2 and n−u ≧ 1), they are arranged for the construction management supervisor and the m TV cameras (c ₁ to _cm ) , The above 1 or 2
One or a plurality of M-screen multi-system image signal synthesizers (MM) of at least one kind and the n image signal receivers (MTV _{1 to} MTV _n ) are connected via a wireless or wired transmission line. A process and safety work monitoring system for construction work, etc. that are connected in cascade as appropriate. 2. It has one or a plurality of recording devices (VR), and each said recording device (VR) is arranged for the crane operator room or the construction management supervisor. Also, each image signal input terminal of each recording device (VR) is
Connect to a desired image signal output terminal in the image signal synthesizer (MM) for M or more M screen multi-systems or a desired image signal input terminal in the _n image signal receivers (MTV _{1 to} MTV _n ). The process and safe work monitoring system in the construction work according to claim 1. 3. A plurality of transceivers are provided, and each of the plurality of transceivers is equipped to each worker on a work stage, a crane operator in a crane operator room, a construction management supervisor, and the like. Process and safety work monitoring system in the described construction work. 4. A temporary structure (2) having a working stage (3) around a structure or structure to be disassembled, that is, an object to be disassembled (1), the height of which is said in a vertical plane. Temporary process of temporarily constructing a temporary structure so that the object to be dismantled (1) is of the same degree and surrounds the object to be dismantled (1) in each horizontal plane as much as possible. And the planned cut block i in the object to be disassembled (1)
At the uppermost end of (i = 1,2, ..., p), a pair of mounting hooks are provided so that their fixed positions are exactly point-symmetric with respect to the center of gravity line of the block i to be cut. , A step of attaching a pedestal hook that is fixed by welding, and a step of cutting / removing the planned block to be cut i. The cutting / removing step of the block to be cut i includes a large-diameter mounting wire ( Hook a huge crane hook (6) of a large or super-large crane at the exact midpoint of 5), lift it, move it to a position immediately above the uppermost end face of the object to be disassembled (1), and stop it. Hooking step of hooking the wire loops formed at both ends of the large-diameter mounting wire (5) on the pair of mounting hooks fixedly welded to the uppermost end of the It is a basic process that is executed after the process , A predetermined tension with respect to the large-diameter mounting wire (5) via the crane wire (7), that is, the magnitude of the predetermined cutting block i in the object to be disassembled (1) A tensioning element step of continuing to apply tension such that the total weight is sufficiently suspended and the line of action of which exactly matches the center of gravity line of the planned block to be cut i; A raw process which is executed in parallel and cuts the object to be disassembled (1) with a cutter at a planned cutting surface i corresponding to the working stage (3),
It consists of a first step and a second step, and in the first step, on the planned circular cutting line i on the object to be disassembled (1) on the planned cutting surface i, equidistant from each other. , R (r ≧ 2) points and r peripheral wall portions having an appropriate length such that these points are included in the central portion, and these peripheral wall portions are cut. However, only the remaining peripheral wall portion of the r portion is cut into a substantially slit shape, and in the second step, the r peripheral wall portion that has been left without cutting is r A cutting element process of a planned cutting surface i, which is made so as to completely cut at the same speed, and a cutting step performed after the cutting element step, which is cut in the cutting element step. Hoist the block i with the large crane, move it horizontally and vertically as appropriate, and then prepare in advance. The removal step of the block to be cut i that is hung in the empty space, and the step of mounting the mounting hook for the uppermost end of the planned block to be cut i is performed in parallel with the temporary step of the temporary construction. Or a method for disassembling a high-rise or super-high-rise structure, which is performed directly following the temporary construction step of the temporary construction or directly preceding the cutting / removing step of the planned block to be cut i. 5. A temporary structure having a work stage is provided around a structure or a structure under construction so that the height of the structure is approximately the same as that of the structure or the like in the vertical plane. , A temporary construction process of a temporary structure for temporarily constructing the structure or the like so as to surround the structure or the like as far as possible, and p (p ≧ 1) blocks j to form the structure or the like.
(J = 1,2, ..., p) Each pair of mounting hooks is fixed to the top end of each, and the mounting process of the mounting hooks is performed. The step of hooking the mounting wire by hooking the wire loop formed on the mounting hook of the block j at a predetermined location, and lifting the block j from the predetermined location to move it horizontally / vertically to form a foundation or an existing block j-1. Temporary placing step of the block j, which is suspended and temporarily placed on the table, and tension holding for continuing to apply sufficient tension for suspending the block j to the mounting wire of the temporarily placed block j And a step which is performed in parallel with the tension holding step,
-1 aligning both contours and bolt holes of the upper flange of -1 and the lower flange of block j, and inserting each bolt into each bolt hole of both blocks. Then, the bolts and nuts are tightened with each nut, and the joints of both flanges are completely fixed and sealed by welding, and overlay welding is performed around the bolt head and the nut. A construction method for a structure or the like, which comprises a step of completely sealing the bolt hole by applying the step and a step of removing the mounting hook and the mounting wire for the block j.