JPH0722496B2 - How to decompose chicken processing residues - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of application] The present invention relates to a chicken processing residue for obtaining useful oils and fats (including processing decomposition products thereof) from chicken processing residues such as chicken skin. It relates to a disassembly method.

[Conventional technology]

When processing chickens for food, a large amount of processing residues, such as skins, crusts and legs, which have little commercial value as they are, are generated. There have been attempts to decompose useful residues by decomposing the processing residue, and typical ones are a chemical method and an enzymatic method. The chemical method uses heat, acid, alkali, etc., but has a drawback that the useful component is significantly modified or colored by the treatment. The enzymatic method uses a proteolytic enzyme to cause processing decomposition and decomposes. Since the decomposition proceeds under mild conditions, it does not have the drawbacks like the chemical method, but it has a large amount of fat and collagenous tissue. There is no enzyme capable of efficiently decomposing the processed chicken residue that is being developed, and therefore there is a problem that a large amount of residue remains that cannot be decomposed even after spending a long time.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to improve the enzymatic method, which has a problem in the decomposing power even though it has the advantages as described above. It is to provide a method of enzymatic degradation that can be achieved.

[Means for solving problems]

The present invention, which succeeds in achieving the above-mentioned object, treats a processing residue of chicken with a proteolytic enzyme mixture containing collagenase as a main component derived from a non-pathogenic microorganism (preferably Streptomyces microorganism). It is a feature.

The enzyme mixture used in the present invention is obtained in the form of an enzyme mixture produced by a part of non-pathogenic microorganisms such as Streptomyces microorganisms or a fraction thereof. It may be used as a mixture with a proteolytic enzyme (which can be used for production), or may be used together with the addition timing being shifted. The "proteolytic enzyme other than collagenase" which is preferably present in the enzyme mixture used in the present invention includes proteases such as trypsin, papain, chymotopsin, chymopapain, and peptidases such as carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase and pronase. .

The proteolytic enzyme mixture containing Streptomyces-derived coagenase as a main component is commercially available from Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd. under the trade name of "collagenase Yakult", and the composition thereof is as follows.

Collagenase 500 units / mg Caseinase 51 〃 Trypsin 0 〃 In the method of the present invention using the above enzyme mixture, it is desirable to use at least 100 units of collagenase per gram of chicken processing residue. Collagenase strongly decomposes the collagenous tissue of chicken processing residue and liquefies it, and further cooperates with other proteolytic enzymes to promote hydrolysis of the treated material. As a result, a high rate of decomposition is achieved in a short time and a liquid reaction product is obtained. At this time, the collagenous tissue, meat pieces and the like are decomposed into proteins, and some of them are further processed and decomposed into peptides and amino acids. Further, fats and oils are released from the fat tissue, and when the reaction product is left to stand, the fats and oils float and form an oil layer.

As collagenases, other than those derived from Streptomyces, Clostridium (Clostridium histolyti)
currently available on the market, Clostrodium has pathogenicity and therefore its collagenase is difficult to use in food production, whereas Streptomyces-derived collagenase does not have such problems. Therefore, it is advantageous.

A particular advantage of the method using collagenase derived from Streptomyces is that this enzyme has excellent heat stability,
That is, it can be used at a temperature higher than the temperature at which this kind of enzyme is usually used.

When carrying out the decomposition method of the present invention, the chicken processing residue to be treated is shredded or ground in advance to facilitate the action of the enzyme. Then, an appropriate amount of water is added to make a suspension, the enzyme is added thereto, and the pH is adjusted to the optimum pH of the enzyme, and then the reaction is carried out with stirring or while shaking. Agitation significantly improves the decomposition rate. Therefore, it is desirable to perform strong and continuous stirring during the reaction.

When using the Streptomyces-derived proteolytic enzyme mixture in the enzymatic treatment of chicken processing residues according to the present invention,
It can also be degraded at elevated temperatures (eg, about 60-70 ° C.) above the optimum temperature of the enzyme, ie about 55 ° C., found when pure collagen is used as the substrate. This is because, in the enzymatic treatment of the high-fat, high-collagen chicken processing residue, the liquefaction of the tissue of the object to be treated proceeds most efficiently when the mechanical shock due to stirring and the denaturation due to the temperature increase act synergistically with the enzymatic action. It is also considered that the collagenase derived from Streptomyces has excellent thermostability and can withstand use at a high temperature close to 80 ° C. However, since the oxidation of fats and oils may proceed due to the high temperature treatment, it is desirable to select the reaction temperature according to the main purpose of the treatment.

After stopping the reaction, the oil layer will separate when left standing, so
This is collected and used as a raw material for fats and oils. On the other hand, the aqueous layer is used as a raw material for protein or amino acid after removing undecomposed solid matter by filtration.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described below with reference to examples. The "decomposition rate" shown in the examples is calculated by filtering the reaction mixture with gauze, separating the insoluble matter and measuring its dry weight, and regarding the dissolved portion as the decomposed portion. .

Example 1 When chicken skin was treated with an enzyme, fats and oils were first liberated, and then
Dissolution of skin and flesh occurs. In this example, in order to accurately grasp the dissolution of the skin portion, the chicken skin after peeling the subcutaneous fat was processed.

The collagenases used were collagenase Yakult derived from Streptomyces and, for comparison, those derived from Clostridium (collagenase type 1, Sigma Co., composition below).

Collagenase composition of Sigma: Collagenase 300 unit / mg Clostripain 1.3 〃 Caseinase 225 〃 Trypsin 2.2 〃 Enzyme treatment was performed under the following two conditions.

Almost still processing, just shaking occasionally.

1 g of chicken skin is dipped in 10 ml of enzyme-containing buffer and treated for 3 hours. The results are shown in FIG.

 Treatment under stirring.

1 g of chicken skin is cut into minced state, suspended in 10 ml of buffer solution, and treated with an enzyme for 3 hours while stirring vigorously. The results are shown in FIG.

As is clear from Fig. 1, 60 when just shaken
Collagenase Yakult (Code: S
t.) gave a significantly better degradation rate than the collagenase derived from Clostridium (code: Cl.). this is,
This is probably due to the difference in high temperature stability of the enzyme. When chicken skin was minced and subjected to vigorous stirring (Fig. 2), the decomposition rate generally improved, and there was almost no difference between the two enzymes. This is probably because the effect of facilitating the action of the enzyme strongly appeared.

Example 2 Chicken skin (broiler, with subcutaneous fat, water content of about 40%, ash content of 0.
4%) 100g suspended in 1000ml water, added 300,000 units of collagenase Yakult and decomposed at 40 ℃ for 5 hours.
g and 17.5 g of protein were recovered. The recovered fats and oils were of good quality as shown by the following analysis values.

Oxidation (AV) 1.17 mg KOH / g Saponification (SV) 198 Iodine value (IV) 84 The amino acid composition of the protein was glycine, followed by alanine and glutamic acid.

Example 3 The effect of combined use of enzymes on the decomposition of chicken skin by the enzymatic method was examined.

As the enzyme, 300 units / ml of collagenase / yakult, trypsin (type II, Sigma) and pronase (type AS, Kaken Pharmaceutical) were used, and the treatment conditions were
The temperature was 40 ° C. for 3 hours.

The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Enzymatic degradation rate (%) Collagenase 51 Trypsin 25 Pronase 33 Collagenase + Trypsin 63 Collagenase + Pronase 69 Collagenase + Pronase ⁽¹⁾ 94 Note (1): After treatment with collagenase for 3 hours, treatment with pronase for 3 hours.

〔The invention's effect〕

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention uses a collagenase-containing proteolytic enzyme derived from a non-pathogenic microorganism as described above, so that a chicken processing residue much more efficient than a conventional (colagenase-free) proteolytic enzyme-based decomposition method is used. It is possible to disassemble. In particular, when a Streptomyces-derived one is used as the proteolytic enzyme mixture, chicken skin, which is difficult to decompose, can be highly decomposed by high-temperature short-time treatment by taking advantage of the excellent heat resistance of the enzyme. it can. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to decompose a chicken processing residue, which has hitherto not been used so effectively, into oils and fats and proteins, and use it as a raw material for food production.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are graphs showing the results of Example 1. St .: Examples of collagenase derived from Streptomyces Cl .: Examples of collagenase derived from Clostridium

Continuation of front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location C12P 21/06 9282-4B

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A method for decomposing a chicken processing residue, which comprises treating the chicken processing residue with a proteolytic enzyme mixture containing a collagenase derived from a non-pathogenic microorganism as a main component. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein a proteolytic enzyme mixture derived from Streptomyces is used. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein collagenase Yakult (trade name) is used as a mixture of proteolytic enzymes derived from Streptomyces.